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Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 945-953页

作者： Ricardo St Aime Grace Rhodes Michael Jones Btodd campbell Sruthi Narayanan Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Medical University of South Carolina SC 29425USA Pee Dee Research and Education Center Clemson UniversityFlorenceSC 29506USA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain SoilWater and Plant Conservation ResearchFlorenceSC 29501USA

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. Root traits are critical in improving water and nutrient uptake and maintaining plant productivity under optimal as well as drought ***, root traits have rarely been utilized in cotton breeding programs, a major reason being the lack of information regarding genetic variability for root traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten selected cotton genotypes for root traits and water use efficiency. The tested genotypes included germplasm lines(PD 1 and PD 695) and cultivars that are currently grown in the southeastern USA(PHY 499 WRF, PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, DP 1646 B2 XF, DP 1538 B2 XF, DP 1851 B3 XF, NG5007 B2 XF, and ST 5020 GLT). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in 2018 and 2019. A hardpan treatment was included in the second year to evaluate the effect of a soil hardpan on root traits and water use efficiency. Genotype PHY 499 WRF ranked at the top and NG5007 B2 XF ranked at the bottom for root morphological traits(total and fine root length, surface area,and volume) and root weight. PHY 499 WRF was also one of the best biomass producers and had high water use efficiency. PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, and PD-1 were the other best genotypes in terms of root traits and water use efficiency. All genotypes had higher values for root traits and water use efficiency under hardpan conditions. This trend indicates a horizontal proliferation of root systems when they incur a stress imposed by a hardpan. The genotypic differences identified in this research for root traits and water use efficiency would be valuable for selecting genotypes for cotton breeding programs.

关键词： Cotton Root traits Water use efficiency Hardpan Genetic variability

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Impacts of climate change on hydrology,water quality and crop productivity in the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第3期8卷 36-53页

作者： Yiannis Panagopoulos Philip W.Gassman Raymond W.Arritt Daryl E.Herzmann todd D.campbell Adriana Valcu Manoj K.Jha Catherine L.Kling Raghavan Srinivasan Michael White Jeffrey G.Arnold Center for Agricultural and Rural Development(CARD) Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011-1070USA Department of Agronomy 2104 Agronomy HallIowa State UniversityAmes IA 50011-1010USA Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering456 McNair HallNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411USA Departments of Ecosystem Sciences and Management and Biological and Agricultural Engineering 1500 Research ParkwaySuite B223220 TAMUTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843-2120USA Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory U.S.Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service808 East Blackland RoadTempleTX 76502USA

Nonpoint source pollution from agriculture is the main source of nitrogen and phosphorus in the stream systems of the Corn Belt region in the Midwestern *** eastern part of this region is comprised of the Ohio-Tennessee River Basin(OTRB),which is considered a key contributing area for water pollution and the Northern Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone.A point of crucial importance in this basin is therefore how intensive corn-based cropping systems for food and fuel production can be sustainable and coexist with a healthy water environment,not only under existing climate but also under climate change conditions in the *** address this issue,a OTRB integrated modeling system has been built with a greatly refined 12-digit subbasin structure based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT)water quality model,which is capable of estimating landscape and in-stream water and pollutant yields in response to a wide array of alternative cropping and/or management strategies and climatic *** effects of three agricultural management scenarios on crop production and pollutant loads exported from the crop land of the OTRB to streams and rivers were evaluated:(1)expansion of continuous corn across the entire basin,(2)adoption of no-till on all corn and soybean fields in the region,(3)implementation of a winter cover crop within the baseline *** effects of each management scenario were evaluated both for current climate and projected mid-century(2046-2065)climates from seven global circulation models(GCMs).In both present and future climates each management scenario resulted in reduced erosion and nutrient loadings to surface water bodies compared to the baseline agricultural management,with cover crops causing the highest water pollution *** and soybean yields in the region were negligibly influenced from the agricultural management *** the other hand,both water quality and crop yield numbers under climate change deviated considerably f

关键词： agricultural management scenarios corn-based systems global circulation models hydrology water quality crop yields SWAT Ohio-Tennessee River Basin

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Whose Bone

小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2024年第6期 34-35页

作者： Susan todd(图) 不详

对疼痛线索的晚期注视偏向预测慢性疼痛的维持:来自眼动的证据

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心理学报 2024年第1期56卷 44-60页

作者：杨周朱嘉雯苏琳熊明洁 todd Jackson 西南大学心理学部认知与教育部重点实验室西南大学医院重庆400715 澳门大学心理学院中国澳门999078

使用点探测视觉任务和融入真实疼痛刺激的视觉任务,以疼痛-中性、中性-中性图片为实验材料,采用眼动追踪技术,测量慢性疼痛患者对疼痛线索的动态注视偏向指标,并进一步考察这些指标对6个月后慢性疼痛强度和功能损伤变化的预测作用。研... 详细信息

使用点探测视觉任务和融入真实疼痛刺激的视觉任务,以疼痛-中性、中性-中性图片为实验材料,采用眼动追踪技术,测量慢性疼痛患者对疼痛线索的动态注视偏向指标,并进一步考察这些指标对6个月后慢性疼痛强度和功能损伤变化的预测作用。研究发现,点探测视觉任务中,慢性疼痛患者在前3个时间窗上(0~500 ms、500~1000 ms、1000~1500 ms)对疼痛线索的注视偏向显著高于对中性线索的注视偏向,但在第四个时间窗上(1500~2000ms)不存在差异;融入真实疼痛刺激的视觉任务中,慢性疼痛患者在4个时间窗上对疼痛线索的注视偏向均显著高于对中性线索的注视偏向。分层标准多元回归模型和机器学习回归模型均发现,慢性疼痛患者在两个任务中对疼痛线索的晚期注视偏向(1000~1500ms、1500~2000ms两个时间窗),均可以独立预测6个月后慢性疼痛强度和功能损伤的维持。研究结果表明,尽管慢性疼痛患者对疼痛线索从注意早期就表现出注视偏向,但是只有晚期的注视偏向能够预测慢性疼痛的维持。

关键词：慢性疼痛疼痛强度功能损伤注视偏向眼动追踪

给科学插上数学的翅膀数学和计算思维有助于理科学生理解现实世界中的现象

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中国科技教育 2019年第3期 38-42页

作者： Drew Neilson todd campbell 张为美国犹他州洛根市洛根高中康涅狄格大学中国科协青少年科技中心竞赛活动处

理科学生应运用数学和计算思维解释现象(NGSS Lead States, 2013),但教师引导学生参与这一重要科学实践的案例却很少(Wilkerson和Fenwick, 2017)。本文介绍了一种通过增加数学和计算思维强化课堂教学的策略,帮助学生应用力学模型解释摩... 详细信息

理科学生应运用数学和计算思维解释现象(NGSS Lead States, 2013),但教师引导学生参与这一重要科学实践的案例却很少(Wilkerson和Fenwick, 2017)。本文介绍了一种通过增加数学和计算思维强化课堂教学的策略,帮助学生应用力学模型解释摩擦力。这有助于学生通过应用预测模型更精确地表达他们的想法。运用数学和计算思维建模之前,我们让物理专业的学生构建和使用模型解释现实世界中的现象(campbell和Neilson, 2016;campbell、Neilson和Oh, 2013)。建模使学生能够

关键词：计算思维正压力方程式摩擦力牛顿第一定律

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实现升空用连贯的故事线解释各种现象

中国科技教育 2016年第10期 38-44页

作者： Renee Turley Alan Trotochaud todd campbell 凌凤

理解，被描述为通过与概念一一学生的想法及教材中的权威概念一一打交道（campbell、Schwarz与Windschitl，2016）来建立连贯一致的故事线、模型和／或解释说明。在本文中，我们描述了通过形成故事线单元来帮助学生理解并解释火箭发射... 详细信息

理解，被描述为通过与概念一一学生的想法及教材中的权威概念一一打交道（campbell、Schwarz与Windschitl，2016）来建立连贯一致的故事线、模型和／或解释说明。在本文中，我们描述了通过形成故事线单元来帮助学生理解并解释火箭发射的教学过程。故事线故事线教学法与《新一代科学教育标准》相一致（NGSS Lead States，2013），该教学法致力于让学生“弄明白”，而不是“了解到”。故事线教学法有如下3个关键维度。

关键词：故事连贯科学教育标准教学法解释说明教学过程火箭发射关键维度

物理学习中模型的开发和运用——围绕科学内容丰富和复杂的自然现象进行基础指导

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中国科技教育 2014年第1期 38-44页

作者： todd campbell Drew Neilson Phil Seok Oh 朱方(翻译) 美国犹他州洛根市的洛根高中中国科协青少年科技中心科普项目处

《K—12年级科学教育框架》（NRC，2012）提出的8个科学实践中，帮助学生开发和运用模型已经被许多教育者称为“锚”（Schwarz和Passmore，2012；

关键词：科学内容自然现象物理学习开发模型教育框架科学实践教育者

我们所说的错误概念可能是理解这个世界的必要一步

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中国科技教育 2016年第9期 41-46页

作者： todd campbell Christina Schwarz Mark Windschitl 卢咏晨康涅狄格大学密歇根州立大学华盛顿大学加拿大皇后大学科学与艺术学院

这篇文章的标题强调了一个在现今学校里并不常见的科学课程学习的观点，即学生和教师们认为错误概念对理解这个世界是有帮助的（NRC，2008）。什么是错误概念？

关键词：错误概念世界课程学习学校文章教师学生

Analysis of the combined effect of rs699 and rs5051 on angiotensinogen expression and hypertension

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 102-117页

作者： Nicholas R.Powell Tyler Shugg Jacob Leighty Matthew Martin Rolf P.Kreutz Michael T.Eadon Dongbing Lai Tao Lu todd C.Skaar Division of Clinical Pharmacology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Cardiology School of MedicineKrannert Institute of CardiologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Background Hypertension(HTN)involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and influences antihypertensive *** previously reported that angiotensinogen(AGT)messenger RNA(mRNA)is endogenously bound by miR-122-5p and rs699 A>G decreases reporter mRNA in the microRNA functional-assay *** AGT promoter variant rs5051 C>T is in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with rs699 A>G and increases AGT *** independent effect of these variants is understudied due to their LD therefore we aimed to test the hypothesis that increased AGT by rs5051 C>T counterbalances AGT decreased by rs699 A>G,and when these variants occur independently,it translates to HTN-related *** We used in silico,in vitro,in vivo,and retrospective models to test this *** In silico,rs699 A>G is predicted to increase miR-122-5p binding affinity by 3%.Mir-eCLIP results show rs699 is 40–45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA-binding site in the AGT ***,rs699 A>G increases AGT mRNA in an AGT-plasmid-cDNA HepG2 expression ***-Tissue Expression(GTEx)and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate liver AGT expression and HTN phenotypes are not different when rs699 A>G occurs independently from rs5051 C>***,GTEx and the in vitro experiments suggest rs699 A>G confers cell-type-specific effects on AGT mRNA abundance,and suggest paracrine renal renin-angiotensin-system perturbations could mediate the rs699 A>G associations with *** We found that rs5051 C>T and rs699 A>G significantly associate with systolic blood pressure in Black participants in the UK Biobank,demonstrating a fourfold larger effect than in White *** studies are warranted to determine if altered antihypertensive response in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 C>T or rs699 A>*** like this will help clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotype.

关键词： angiotensinogen genetic and genomic medicine hypertension rs699

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