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重视秋冬季儿童肺炎支原体感染防治

中华医学杂志 2025年第2期105卷 109-112页

作者：曾玫复旦大学附属儿科医院感染传染科国家儿童医学中心(上海)上海200032

肺炎支原体(MP)是我国儿童社区获得性肺炎常见的致病原,常在秋冬季流行。2023年秋冬季全国范围发生儿童MP肺炎大规模流行暴发,对儿童健康带来危害,造成沉重疾病负担,对儿科医疗服务体系带来挑战,引起医政部门和公共卫生领域的高度关注... 详细信息

肺炎支原体(MP)是我国儿童社区获得性肺炎常见的致病原,常在秋冬季流行。2023年秋冬季全国范围发生儿童MP肺炎大规模流行暴发,对儿童健康带来危害,造成沉重疾病负担,对儿科医疗服务体系带来挑战,引起医政部门和公共卫生领域的高度关注。我国大环内酯类耐药的MP广泛流行成为儿科临床突出的问题。本文回顾MP肺炎的流行病学特点,针对国内儿科临床实践在诊治方面存在的问题以及公共卫生所关注的问题,对儿童MP肺炎季节性流行的防治策略提出循证建议。

关键词：支原体,肺炎肺炎儿童大环内酯类耐药抗感染治疗

Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 159-173页

作者： Man Han Deyang Zeng Wei Tan Xingxing Chen Shuyuan Bai Qiong Wu Yushan Chen Zhen Wei Yufei mei Yan Zeng Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology WuhanHubei ProvinceChina School of Public Health Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral *** studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and *** how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress *** this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of *** focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine *** determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic ***,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

关键词： amygdala chronic mild stress chronic social defeat stress corticolimbic system depression hippocampus medial prefrontal cortex nucleus accumbens social stress models ventral tegmental area

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骨质疏松症的治疗新药研发展望

中华医学杂志 2025年第1期105卷 5-9页

作者：李梅中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院内分泌科国家卫生健康委员会内分泌重点实验室北京100730

随着人口老龄化加剧,骨质疏松症的患病率快速攀升,其已成为日益严重的公共健康问题。目前我国强有效的抗骨质疏松治疗药物种类十分不足,难以遏制疾病日益增长的流行趋势。骨质疏松症发生的关键病理机制是骨稳态失衡,需要不断深入研究骨... 详细信息

随着人口老龄化加剧,骨质疏松症的患病率快速攀升,其已成为日益严重的公共健康问题。目前我国强有效的抗骨质疏松治疗药物种类十分不足,难以遏制疾病日益增长的流行趋势。骨质疏松症发生的关键病理机制是骨稳态失衡,需要不断深入研究骨骼细胞生物学、骨稳态的重要调控通路,以及骨骼-肌肉-血管-免疫-神经-肠道菌群等构成的骨稳态调控网络,以寻找新药研发的关键靶点,研发更多有效药物,提高患者的骨密度、改善骨强度,降低骨折风险,为骨骼健康保驾护航。

关键词：骨质疏松骨稳态失衡新型靶向治疗药物

Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 93-106页

作者： Yujie Yang Xinyi Li Jiaying Lu Jingjie Ge Mingjia Chen Ruixin Yao mei Tian Jian Wang Fengtao Liu Chuantao Zuo Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias Ministry of EducationDepartment of Medical GeneticsShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Neurology National Research Center for Aging and MedicineNational Center for Neurological Disordersand State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Nuclear Medicine&PET Center National Center for Neurological Disordersand National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina International Human Phenome Institutes(Shanghai) ShanghaiChina Human Phenome Institute Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of *** review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest *** conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of *** criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical *** findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting ***,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo *** validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic *** summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.

关键词： aromatic amino acid decarboxylase brain imaging dopamine transporter Parkinson’s disease parkinsonism positron emission tomography presynaptic dopaminergic function vesicle monoamine transporter type 2

百日咳抗菌药物治疗和暴露后药物预防的问题与建议

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中华医学杂志 2025年第2期105卷 113-116页

作者：曾玫复旦大学附属儿科医院感染传染科国家儿童医学中心(上海)上海200032

百日咳是我国当前重要的公共卫生和临床问题,百日咳鲍特菌对大环内酯类耐药是我国百日咳防治面临的严峻挑战。早期、及时、有效的抗菌药物治疗对于减轻病情、减少重症、清除带菌、减少继发传播具有重要作用,在特殊场景下实施暴露后化学... 详细信息

百日咳是我国当前重要的公共卫生和临床问题,百日咳鲍特菌对大环内酯类耐药是我国百日咳防治面临的严峻挑战。早期、及时、有效的抗菌药物治疗对于减轻病情、减少重症、清除带菌、减少继发传播具有重要作用,在特殊场景下实施暴露后化学药物预防可以保护重症高危个体。本文针对当前我国百日咳鲍特菌耐药现况,结合百日咳临床治疗和防控的实践需求,提出百日咳的抗菌药物治疗和暴露后药物预防策略的循证建议。

关键词：百日咳大环内酯类耐药抗菌药物治疗暴露后药物预防

Laparoscopic hepatectomy using indocyanine green attenuates postoperative inflammatory response for hepatocellular carcinoma:A propensity score matching analysis

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2025年第1期17卷 193-202页

作者： Wei-Xun Wu Ming-Bin Huang mei-Xia Wang Li-Hua Chen Bo Hu Zhen-Bin Ding Department of Liver Surgery Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen)Fudan UniversityXiamen 361006Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Infection Management Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen)Fudan UniversityXiamen 361015Fujian ProvinceChina Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation Liver Cancer InstituteZhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion(Ministry of Education) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China

BACKGROUND Improving the intraoperative and postoperative performance of laparoscopic hepatectomy was quite a challenge for liver *** To determine the benefits of indocyanine green(ICG)fluorescence imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy during and after *** We retrospectively collected the clinicopathological data of 107 patients who successfully underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy at Zhongshan Hospital(Xiamen),Fudan University from June 2022 to June *** using the ICG fluorescence imaging technique,we divided them into the ICG and non-ICG *** eliminate statistical bias,a 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was *** comparison of perioperative outcomes,including inflammationrelated markers and progression-free survival,was analyzed *** Intraoperatively,the ICG group exhibited lower blood loss,a shorter surgical time,lower hepatic inflow occlusion(HIO)frequency,and a shorter total HIO ***,the participation of ICG resulted in a shorter duration of hospitalization(6.5 vs 7.6 days,P=0.03)and postoperative inflammatory response attenuation(lower neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio on the first day after surgery and platelet-lymphocyte ratio on the third day,P<0.05).Although the differences were not significant,the levels of all inflammation-related markers were lower in the ICG *** rates of postoperative complications and the survival analyses,including progression-free and overall survivals showed no significant difference between the *** The involvement of ICG fluorescence imaging may lead to improved perioperative outcomes,especially postoperative inflammatory response attenuation,and ultimately improve HCC patients’recovery after surgery.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Laparoscopic hepatectomy Indocyanine green fluorescence Postoperative inflammatory response attenuation Propensity score matching analysis

Soil Carbon Restoration and Its Influencing Factors in Coal Mining Areas of Yellow River Basin：A Meta-analysis

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Huanjing Kexue/Environmental Science 2025年第3期46卷 1690-1702页

作者： Sun, Hong-Wei Yan, mei-Fang College of Environment and Ecology Taiyuan University of Technology Jinzhong030600 China

Coal mining has caused notable disturbance and destruction to the ecosystem，leading to intensified regional carbon emissions. Ecological restoration of abandoned coal mines can improve the physical and chemical properties of damaged soil and increase soil carbon storage. Therefore，ecological restoration of coal mine areas is crucial for improving regional carbon sink levels and environments. Currently，most studies on ecological restoration in Chinese coal mining areas are scattered across the major coal-producing provinces in the Yellow River Basin. Its effect on soil carbon sequestration at a basin scale must be crucially elucidated. In this study，we focused on changes in soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities after vegetation restoration using an integrated analysis method，combined with climate and soil characteristics in the Yellow River Basin’s coal mining areas to reveal the major factors affecting soil carbon restoration. Our results showed that：① Soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were improved significantly after ecological restoration;however，some differences were present among different soil layers. ② Soil organic carbon（SOC），total nitrogen，and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen increased by 62.2%，40.5%，and 36.0%，respectively，showing an overall increasing trend with increasing restoration years. From the perspective of vegetation type，mixed forest had the largest increment in SOC. ③ The increase in nitrogen and phosphorus content improved soil fertility and helped to increase soil carbon input from vegetation litter，thus promoting the restoration of the soil organic carbon pool. In addition，average annual temperature and precipitation along with soil type also played important roles affecting soil C restoration. In the future，based on climate and soil characteristics of specific mining areas，suitable vegetation types should be selected from a perspective of C sequestration to enhance C sink of the whole basin. © 2025 Science Press

关键词： Carbon sequestration

论卡尔霍恩对美国奴隶制的捍卫与对自然权利论的“否定”

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清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版) 2025年第1期40卷 189-200,265页

作者：梅祖蓉河南大学历史文化学院开封475001

约翰·卡尔霍恩是19世纪美国南方种族主义奴隶制的捍卫者。他不仅否定“人人生而平等且自由”的命题,且将奴隶制论证为“绝对的好事”。就历史而言,“绝对好事论”实为美国的种族主义奴隶制遭遇危机,在废奴运动的激进化进程中“应运”... 详细信息

约翰·卡尔霍恩是19世纪美国南方种族主义奴隶制的捍卫者。他不仅否定“人人生而平等且自由”的命题,且将奴隶制论证为“绝对的好事”。就历史而言,“绝对好事论”实为美国的种族主义奴隶制遭遇危机,在废奴运动的激进化进程中“应运”而生的产物。一般认为,绝对好事论是对自然权利论的否定。但是,这一论点忽略并很难解释一个事实:自然权利论的代表人物洛克也曾参与北美奴隶制的管理并卷入大西洋奴隶贸易。比较卡尔霍恩与洛克的思想与行为,与其说,卡尔霍恩对于奴隶制的否定是对自然权利论的否定,不如说,他否定的是黑人作为人的资格。就此而言,自然权利论者也否定了黑人的权利主体地位。

关键词：美国种族主义奴隶制约翰·卡尔霍恩 “绝对好事论” 自然权利论

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自然口语对话中的“还是”

汉语学报 2025年第1期 2-14页

作者：方梅中国社会科学院大学/中国社会科学院语言研究所 100372

自然口语对话中,由“还是”构成的选择问句有多种形式,由“还是”系连的并列项不仅在结构上会呈现出不对称性,其功能也呈现出多样性。虽然“或者”与“还是”在书面语中的差异或许体现为“标准析取并列”与“疑问析取并列”的对立,但是... 详细信息

自然口语对话中,由“还是”构成的选择问句有多种形式,由“还是”系连的并列项不仅在结构上会呈现出不对称性,其功能也呈现出多样性。虽然“或者”与“还是”在书面语中的差异或许体现为“标准析取并列”与“疑问析取并列”的对立,但是在自然口语对话中,用于追加信息时,这种对立有可能被中和;而出现于回应话轮之首的“或者”,用于提出建议,即便采用疑问句法,也不能被“还是”替换。当“还是”位于话轮末形成不完整话轮或单独用作一个话轮时,原有的句法功能弱化、语义被漂白,仅体现言者的互动意图。它作为特定互动行为的载体,具有位置敏感性。“疑问析取并列”不能完全概括“还是”的用法,但能为理解“还是”的功能扩展路径提供可能的解释。

关键词：自然口语对话 “还是” “或者” 疑问析取并列互动行为