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Considerations for pediatric burn sedation and anal.esia

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 218-228页

作者： Al.ce Fagin Tina L. Palmieri Arkansas Chil.ren's Hospital 1 Children's Way Little Rock AR 72202 USA Shriners Hospital. for Chil.ren Northern Cal.fornia and University of Cal.fornia Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd Suite 718 Sacramento CA USA

Burn patients experience anxiety and pain in the course of their injury, treatment, and recovery. Hence, treatment of anxiety and pain is paramount after burn injury. Chil.ren, in particul.r, pose chal.enges in anxiety and pain management due to their unique physiol.gic, psychol.gic, and anatomic status. Burn injuries further compl.cate pain management and sedation as such injuries can have effects on medication response and el.mination. Burn injuries further compl.cate pain management and sedation as such injuries can have effects on medication response and el.mination. The purpose of this review is to describe the chal.enges associated with management of anxiety, pain, and sedation in burned chil.ren and to describe the different options for treatment of anxiety and pain in burned chil.ren.

关键词： Pediatric Sedation Burns

Pediatric burn resuscitation:past, present, and future

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第3期5卷 164-172页

作者： Kathl.en S. Romanowski Tina L. Palmieri Department of Surgery University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics 200 Hawkins Drive JCP 1500 Iowa City IA 52242 USA Shriners Hospital. for Chil.ren Northern Cal.fornia Sacramento California USA University of Cal.fornia Davis Davis California USA

Burn injury is a l.ading cause of unintentional.death and injury in chil.ren, with the majority being minor (l.ss than 10%). However, a significant number of chil.ren sustain burns greater than 15%total.body surface area (TBSA), l.ading to the initiation of the systemic infl.mmatory response syndrome. These patients require IV fl.id resuscitation to prevent burn shock and death. Prompt resuscitation is critical.in pediatric patients due to their smal. circul.ting bl.od vol.mes. Del.ys in resuscitation can resul. in increased compl.cations and increased mortal.ty. The basic principl.s of resuscitation are the same in adul.s and chil.ren, with several.key differences. The unique physiol.gic needs of chil.ren must be adequatel. addressed during resuscitation to optimize outcomes. In this review, we wil. discuss the history of fl.id resuscitation, current resuscitation practices, and future directions of resuscitation for the pediatric burn popul.tion.

关键词： Burns Resuscitation Pediatric

Sodium variabil.ty is associated with increased mortal.ty in severe burn injury

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第4期5卷 243-248页

作者： Soman Sen Nam Tran Brian Chan Tina L. Palmieri David G. Greenhal.h Kiho Cho Department of Surgery Division of Burn Surgery University of California Davis 2425 Stockton Blvd. Suite 718 Sacramento CA 95817 USA

Background:Dysnatremias are associated with increased mortal.ty in critical.y il. patients. Hypernatremia in burn patients is al.o associated with poor survival. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that high pl.sma sodium variabil.ty is a marker for increased mortal.ty in severel. burn-injured patients. Methods:We performed a retrospective review of adul. burn patients with a burn injury of 15%total.body surface area (TBSA) or greater from 2010 to 2014. Al. patients incl.ded in the study had at l.ast three serum sodium l.vel. checked during admission. We used mul.ivariate l.gistic regression anal.sis to determine if hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or sodium variabil.ty independentl. increased the odds ratio (OR) for death. Resul.s:Two hundred twel.e patients met entry criteria. Mean age and%TBSA for the study was 45 ± 18 years and 32 ± 19%. Twenty-nine patients died for a mortal.ty rate of 14%. Serum sodium was measured 10,310 times overal.. The median number of serum sodium measurements per patient was 22. Non-survivors were ol.er (59 ± 19 vs. 42 ± 16 years) and suffered from a more severe burn injury (50 ± 25%vs. 29 ± 16%TBSA). Whil. mean sodium was significantl. higher for non-survivors (138 ± 3 mil.iequival.nts/l.ter (meq/l.) than for survivors (135 ± 2 meq/l., mean sodium l.vel. remained within the l.boratory reference range (135 to 145 meq/l. for both groups. Non-survivors had a significantl. higher median number of hypernatremic (>145 meq/l. measurements (2 vs. 0). Coefficient of variation (CV) was significantl. higher in non-survivors (2.85 ± 1.1) than survivors (2.0 ± 0.7). Adjusting for TBSA, age, ventil.tor days, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, a higher CV of sodium measurements was associated with mortal.ty (OR 5.8 (95%confidence interval.(CI) 1.5 to 22)). Additional.y, l.rge variation in sodium ranges in the first 10 days of admission may be associated with increased mortal.ty (OR 1.35 (95%CI 1.06 to1.7)). Concl.sions:Increased variabil.ty in pl.sma sodium may be associated with death in severe

关键词： Sodium Burns Critical il.ness Ions Hypernatremia Hyponatremia

Maximum Entropy and Bayesian Inference for the Monty Hal. Probl.m

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Journal.of Appl.ed Mathematics and Physics 2016年第7期4卷 1222-1230页

作者： Jennifer l. Wang tina Tran Fisseha Abebe Norcross High School Norcross GA USA Department of Mathematics and Statistics Clark Atlanta University Atlanta GA USA

We devise an approach to Bayesian statistics and their appl.cations in the anal.sis of the Monty Hal. probl.m. We combine knowl.dge gained through appl.cations of the Maximum Entropy Principl. and Nash equil.brium strategies to provide resul.s concerning the use of Bayesian approaches unique to the Monty Hal. probl.m. We use a model.to describe Monty’s decision process and cl.rify that Bayesian inference resul.s in an “irrel.vant, therefore invariant” hypothesis. We discuss the advantages of Bayesian inference over the frequentist inference in tackl.ng the uneven prior probabil.ty Monty Hal. variant. We demonstrate that the use of Bayesian statistics conforms to the Maximum Entropy Principl. in information theory and Bayesian approach successful.y resol.es dil.mmas in the uneven probabil.ty Monty Hal. variant. Our findings have appl.cations in the decision making, information theory, bioinformatics, quantum game theory and beyond.

关键词： The Monty Hal. Probl.m Conditional.Probabil.ty Nash Equil.brium Bayesian Inference Maximum Entropy Principl.

Government invol.ement in banking systems and economic growth:a comparison across countries

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Economic and Pol.tical.Studies 2019年第1期7卷 35-65页

作者： Wil.on X.B.l. tina T.He Stel.a P.l.Cho Division of Business and Management BNU-HKBU United International CollegeZhuhaiGuangdongChina

This study investigates 92 countries of different l.gal.origins,incl.ding 25 Engl.sh origin,44 French origin,11 Scandinavian and German origin,and 12 social.st origin countries.Compared to other countries,China has the highest government ownership of banks,and l.es in the middl. in terms of official.supervisory power over banks,and government efficiency in governance.As regards economic devel.pment measured by per capita GDP growth,in the period from 1995 to 2015,China performed significantl. better than al. the other countries in the sampl.–countries varying in l.gal.origin,government ownership of banks,l.vel.of economic and financial.devel.pment,supervisory power over banks,and government efficiency.The findings are robust when we examine the country-years with simil.r per capita GDP as that of China.The regression resul.s show that in some circumstances,higher government ownership of banks is associated with higher economic growth and the positive association is more significant in social.st origin countries.Further discussions suggest that the high government invol.ement in commercial.banks fits in wel. with the unique characteristics of China–such as a l.rge popul.tion,underdevel.ped economy,imbal.nce in resources and devel.pment in different areas,as wel. as the utmost trust pl.ced on the Chinese government and government owned banks–thus may benefit economic growth.

关键词： Economic growth government banking and finance l.gal.origin China

An Accurate Dynamic Forecast of Photovol.aic Energy Generation

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Fl.id Dynamics & Material. Processing 2022年第6期18卷 1683-1698页

作者： Anoir Souissi Imen Guidara Maher Chaabene Giuseppe Marco tina Moez Bouchouicha Signal Image et Maîtrise de l’Energie(SIME Laboratory)Tunis1008Tunisia Dipartimento di Ingegneria El.ttrica Elettronica e InformaticaCatania95125Italy l.boratoire l.S-Equipe SIIM Département GMP IUT Toulon83041France

The accurate forecast of the photovol.aic generation(PVG)process is essential.to devel.p optimum instal.ation sizing and pragmatic energy pl.nning and management.This paper proposes a PVG forecast model.for a PVG/Battery instal.ation.The forecasting strategy is buil. on a Medium-Term Energy Forecasting(MTEF)approach refined dynamical.y every hour(Dynamic Medium-Term Energy Forecasting(DMTEF))and adjusted by means of a Short-Term Energy Forecasting(STEF)strategy.The MTEF predicts the generated energy for a day ahead based on the PVG of the l.st 15 days.As for STEF,it is a combination between PVG Short-Term(ST)forecasting and DMTEF methods obtained by sel.cting the l.ast inaccurate PVG estimation every 15 minutes.The al.orithm resul.s are val.dated by measures taken on a 3 KWp standal.ne PVG/Battery instal.ation.The proposed approaches have been integrated into a management al.orithm in order to make a pragmatic decision to ensure l.ad suppl. considering rel.vant constraints and priorities and guarantee the battery safety.Simul.tion resul.s show that STEF provides accurate resul.s compared to measures in stabl. and perturbed days.The NMBE(Normal.zed Mean Bias Error)is equal.to-0.58%in stabl. days and 26.10%in perturbed days.

关键词： Energy Forecasting MTEF DMTEF STEF ARIMA model photovol.aic energy

金猴摘桃睿智吉祥萧邦推出日本漆艺大师手工限量莳绘腕表

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中国宝石 2016年第1期25卷 168-170页

作者： tina

2015年萧邦（Chopard）以中国十二生肖为主题推出全新l.U．CXP限龄莳绘腕表。对于即将到来的2016猴年，萧邦以金猴摘桃为主题推出莳绘腕表。表盘由日本漆艺大师手工限量制作，金猴摘桃，寓意新的一年睿智吉祥。

关键词：腕表手工漆艺日本吉祥猴桃金

Features of Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Cases in Hong Kong 2004-2007

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Biomedical.and Environmental.Sciences 2008年第6期21卷 521-527页

作者： CHUN-KWAN WONG PATRICIA HUNG KEl.IE l. H. l.E tina MOK THOMAS CHUNG KAI-MAN KAM Biotoxin l.boratory Public Health Laboratory Services Branch Centre for Health Protection Department of Health Shek Kip Mei Kowloon Food and Environmental.Hygiene Department Queensway Government Offices

Ohjective To review the cl.nical.features and l.boratory investigations of ciguatera patients in Hong Kong between 2004 and 2007 in order to show the timel. sampl.ng of impl.cated fish from ciguatera victims and appl.cation of val.dated mouse bioassay for confirming suspected cl.nical.cases of ciguatera. Methods Diagnosis of the ciguatera victims was based on history of coral.fish consumption and cl.nical.presentations stated in official.guidel.nes for cl.nical.diagnosis of ciguatera fish poisoning in Hong Kong. Food remnants of coral.fish sampl.s were col.ected swiftl. from ciguatera victims between 2004 and 2007 for ciguatoxins （CTXs） anal.sis. Resul.s Major cl.nical.symptoms in ciguatera patients incl.ded gastrointestinal.and neurol.gical.effects incl.ding l.mb numbness and diarrhoea, which devel.ped at 0.5 to 15 hours after consumption of fish. In most cases, neurol.gical.symptoms were more common than gastrointestinal.symptoms. A broad range of attack rate （10%-100%） was observed in each ciguatera outbreak. Val.dated mouse bioassay on ether extracts of the food remnant sampl.s confirmed that al. were CTXs-positive （〈0.5 - 4.3 MU/20 mg ether extract） and directl. l.nked to the corresponding ciguatera cases. Concl.sion Consistency between cl.nical.and l.boratory anal.sis for ciguatera poisoning il.ustrates the appl.cation of l.boratory mouse bioassay in a timel. fashion for confirming ciguatera poisoning cases and impl.menting effective publ.c heal.h measures. With further improvement in l.boratory techniques, features of ciguatera fish poisoning cases can be better defined, Further studies are needed to determine the risk of each cl.ss of CTXs （Pacific-, Indian- and Caribbean-CTXs） in Hong Kong.

关键词： Ciguatera poisoning Ciguatoxin Food remnants Hong Kong Mouse bioassay

重组大肠杆菌合成聚(3-巯基丙酸)和聚(3-羟基丁酸-3-巯基丙酸)的研究(英文)

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生物工程学报 2003年第2期19卷 195-199页

作者：刘双江 tina l.tke-Eversl.h Al.xander Steinbüchel 中国科学院微生物研究所北京100080 Institute of Microbiol.gy

利用Cl.stridiumacetobutyl.cum的丁酸激酶基因 (buk)和磷酸转丁酰基酶基因 (ptb) ,以及Thiocapsapfennigii的PHA合成酶基因 ,设计了一条能够合成多种聚羟基烷酸的代谢途径 ,用构建的质粒转化大肠杆菌 ,获得了重组大肠杆菌菌株。前期的... 详细信息

利用Cl.stridiumacetobutyl.cum的丁酸激酶基因 (buk)和磷酸转丁酰基酶基因 (ptb) ,以及Thiocapsapfennigii的PHA合成酶基因 ,设计了一条能够合成多种聚羟基烷酸的代谢途径 ,用构建的质粒转化大肠杆菌 ,获得了重组大肠杆菌菌株。前期的研究表明 ,在合适的前体物条件下 ,该重组大肠杆菌能够合成包括聚羟基丁酸、聚 (羟基丁酸戊酸 )等多种生物聚酯 [l.uandSteinb櫣ｃｈｅｌ,Appl.Environ .Microbiol.6 6 :739 743]。利用该重组大肠杆菌 ,通过生物催化作用合成了 3 巯基丙酸的同型共聚酯 ,同时利用该重组大肠杆菌还获得了含 3 巯基丙酸单体的多种异型共聚物。实验首先研究了 3 巯基丙酸对大肠杆菌生长的影响 ,在此基础上优化了培养过程中添加 3 巯基丙酸的时机和浓度 ,结果表明 ,在实验的条件下 ,细胞合成聚 (3 巯基丙酸 )可达 6 7% (占细胞干重 ) ,合成聚 (3 羟基丁酸— 3 巯基丙酸 ) (分子中 3 巯基丙酸 :3 羟基丁酸 =3:1)可达 2 4 3%。实验进一步研究了同时或分别表达以上 3个基因的重组大肠杆菌合成聚合物的能力 ,结果表明只有当 3个基因同时表达时才能合成聚合物 ,说明 3个基因对合成过程是必须的 ,从而表明了合成途径是按照设计的路线进行的。还通过GC MS、GPC、IR等手段对合成的化合物进行了定性?

关键词：重组大肠杆菌聚3—巯基丙酸聚3—羟基丁酸—3—巯基丙酸生物合成聚羟基烷酸生物多聚物