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Piglet gut microbial shifts early in life:causes and effects

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第3期10卷 519-528页

作者： Robin B.Guevarra jun Hyung Lee Sun Hee Lee Min-jae Seok Doo Wan Kim Bit Na Kang timothy j.johnson Richard E.Isaacson Hyeun Bum Kim Department of Animal Resources Science Dankook UniversityCheonan 31116South Korea National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development AdministrationCheonan 55365South Korea Abbvie Bioresearch Center AbbvieWorcesterMA 01605USA Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets.

关键词： Microbial diversity Next generation sequencing 16S rRNA Swine microbiota Weaning

Effect of Winter Flooding on Weeds, Soybean Yield, Straw Degradation, and Soil Chemical and Biochemical Characteristics

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第7期4卷 10-18页

作者： Clifford H. Koger Robert M. Zablotowicz Mark A. Weaver Melanie R. Tucker-Patterson j. L. Krutz timothy W. Walker joe E. Street Crop Genetics and Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Crop Production Research Unit USDA-ARS Stoneville USA Delta Branch Experiment Station Mississippi State University Stoneville USA

Winter flooding of harvested rice fields attracts migratory waterfowl and may assist in degrading rice straw residue. Field studies were conducted between 2003 and 2005 in Stoneville, MS to evaluate the impacts of winter flooding of harvested rice fields on rice straw degradation, winter weeds, soybean yield, and soil biochemical and chemical properties. The experimental area each year consisted of a harvested rice field that remained no-till after harvest and that was dissected into 7.6- by 15-m bays with constructed levees to accommodate winter flooding treatments. Flooding treatments (10-cm depth) consisted of: 1) flooded from mid-October to early March;2) flooded mid-October to early january;3) flooded mid-December to early March;4) flooded mid-December to mid-january;and 5) no flood. Winter weeds were counted, biomass determined as well as residual rice straw before flooding and in early April of each year. Winter flooding reduced rice straw biomass 32% to 60% compared to 21% to 31% reduction for no winter flood with the longest flood duration resulting in the greatest loss of carbon and nitrogen from straw residues in both years. Winter flooding treatments reduced weed populations and weed biomass from 43% to 99% when compared to no flooding treatment. Soybean yields ranged from 3295 ***-1 with the longest winter flooding regime to 4295 ***-1 with no flooding. Significant reductions in soil nitrate levels were most consistent in the upper 0 to 2.5-cm surface soil. Soil enzymatic activity (dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis) was increased by flooding in 2003, while minimal effects were found in the second year consistent with more anaerobic conditions attained in 2003 compared to 2004. Environmental benefits of accelerated straw decomposition and weed control is achieved by winter flooding;however, there are negative consequences of nitrogen losses and reduced soybean yield.

关键词： Crop Growth Crop Production Flooded Rice Rice Soybean

Tissue Regeneration with Hydrogel Encapsulation: A Review of Developments in Plants and Animals

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BioDesign Research 2021年第1期2021卷 70-78页

作者： Srikumar Krishnamoorthy Michael F.Schwartz Lisa Van den Broeck Aitch Hunt timothy j.Horn Rosangela Sozzani Plant and Microbial Biology Department North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

Hydrogel encapsulation has been widely utilized in the study of fundamental cellular mechanisms and has been shown to provide a better representation of the complex in vivo microenvironment in natural biological conditions of mammalian *** this review,we provide a background into the adoption of hydrogel encapsulation methods in the study of mammalian cells,highlight some key findings that may aid with the adoption of similar methods for the study of plant cells,including the potential challenges and considerations,and discuss key findings of studies that have utilized these methods in plant sciences.

关键词： utilized Regeneration finding

Lung epithelial cell-derived IL-25 negatively regulates LPS-induced exosome release from macrophages

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Military Medical Research 2018年第4期5卷 324-334页

作者： Zhi-Gang Li Melanie j. Scott Tomasz Brzóska Prithu Sundd Yue-Hua Li timothy R. Billiar Mark A. Wilson Ping Wang jie Fan Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh PA 15213 USA Research and Development Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System Pittsburgh PA 15240 USA Heart Lung Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15219USA The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research Manhasset NY11030 USA.

Background: Acute lung injury(ALI) is a major component of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) following pulmonary and systemic infection. Alveolar macrophages(AMφ) are at the center of ALI pathogenesis. Emerging evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions in the lungs play an important regulatory role in the development of acute lung inflammation. However, the underneath mechanisms remain poorly addressed. In this study, we explore a novel function of lung epithelial cells(LEPCs) in regulating the release of exosomes from AMφ following LPS ***: For the in vivo experiments, C57 BL/6 wildtype(WT) mice were treated with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(2 mg/kg) in 0.2 ml of saline via intratracheal aerosol administration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected at 0–24 h after LPS treatment, and exosomes derived from AMφ were measured. For the in vitro studies, LEPCs and bone marrowderived Mφ(BMDM) were isolated from WT or TLR4-/-mice and were then cocultured in the Transwell? system. After coculture for 0–24 h, the BMDM and supernatant were harvested for the measurement of exosomes and ***: We demonstrate that LPS induces macrophages(Mφ) to release exosomes, which are then internalized by neighboring Mφ to promote TNF-α expression. The secreted interleukin(IL)-25 from LEPCs downregulates Rab27 a and Rab27 b expression in Mφ, resulting in suppressed exosome release and thereby attenuating exosome-induced TNF-α expression and ***: These findings reveal a previously unidentified crosstalk pathway between LEPCs and Mφ that negatively regulates the inflammatory responses of Mφ to LPS. Modulating IL-25 signaling and targeting exosome release may present a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ALI.

关键词： Acute lung injury Sepsis Multiple organ failure Rab27

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再现古印第安社会

科学（中文版） 2005年第9期 66-73页

作者： timothy A.Kohler George j.Gumerman Robert G.Reynolds 王道还美国华盛顿州立大学人类学系圣塔菲美国原住民研究所美国韦恩州立大学中国台湾"中央研究院"

人类历史只有一小段有文字记录.文字出现之前的人类历史,只能依赖考古证据.考古学者研究废墟、人工制品、人类骨骸,费尽心力,重建了几千年前、甚至几百万年前的人类社会风貌.

关键词：人类社会再现人类历史文字记录考古证据人工制品灵长类石器

DSDP 398白垩系半深海沉积物的环境磁学研究

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DSDP 398白垩系半深海沉积物的环境磁学研究

体外成熟新鲜和冷冻/解冻睾丸精子优化胞质内精子注射技术（英文）

中国地球物理学会第二十六届年会、中国地震学会第十三次学术大会

作者：李永祥 timothy j.Bralower Isabel Montanez 南京大学地球科学与工程学院 Department of Geosciences The Pennsylvania State UniversityPA16802USA Department of Geology University of CaliforniaDavisCA95616USA

发生于早Aptian的大洋缺氧事件OAE1a(约120Ma)及Aptian/Albian边界的OAE1b(约112Ma)代表中白垩世两期幅度大,速度快,且影响范围广的气候变化事件。探究这些快速气候变化事件的发生、发展,及终结有助于理解当代全球暖化条件下的气候变化... 详细信息

发生于早Aptian的大洋缺氧事件OAE1a(约120Ma)及Aptian/Albian边界的OAE1b(约112Ma)代表中白垩世两期幅度大,速度快,且影响范围广的气候变化事件。探究这些快速气候变化事件的发生、发展,及终结有助于理解当代全球暖化条件下的气候变化。然而,现有的白垩纪中期的时间标尺不足以对这

关键词：半深海沉积物环境磁学沉积旋回白垩系大洋缺氧事件 DSDP 398

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体外成熟新鲜和冷冻/解冻睾丸精子优化胞质内精子注射技术（英文）

Background and Research Prospect of Geo-ecological Survey and Monitor in the Critical Zone of Black Soil

全国首届动物生物技术学术研讨会

作者：武彬 Diana Wong Stephen Dickstein timothy j.Gelety Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Thcson Arizona 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院陕西杨凌 Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Tucson Arizona Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Tucson Arizona Arizona Center for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Tucson Arizona

本研究评价新鲜和冷冻—解冻睾丸活组织用于获取胞质内注射用精子的最佳处理方式。37位梗阻性和非梗阻性精子缺乏病人提供的睾丸精液提取物（testicular sperm extraction,TESE）中,有30份含有精子细胞。TESE样本用修正HTF液洗涤后分为... 详细信息

本研究评价新鲜和冷冻—解冻睾丸活组织用于获取胞质内注射用精子的最佳处理方式。37位梗阻性和非梗阻性精子缺乏病人提供的睾丸精液提取物（testicular sperm extraction,TESE）中,有30份含有精子细胞。TESE样本用修正HTF液洗涤后分为培养和冷冻两份。共有25份新鲜TESE和27份冷冻—解冻TESE用于本研究。结果表明,经5天体外培养以后,精子活力在新鲜组和冷冻解冻组之间没有明显差异。精液提取第一天,很少观察到运动精子;培养24h,运动精子显著增加,在培养48h～72h,运动精子的比率最高。17份新鲜TESE用于ICSI,对228枚卵母细胞注射运动槽子,有153枚受精成为正常2原核受精卵,受精率67.1%。27份冷冻—解冻TESE用于ICSI,对290枚卵母细胞注射运动精子,有193枚受精成为正常2原核受精卵,受精率66.6%。两组受精卵发育3d良好胚胎（无碎裂）的比率分别为60.5%和51.4%（P＞0.05）研究说明,冷冻和体外培养睾丸活组织样本,在辅助生殖技术中是完全可行的,为单样本材料实施多次体外受精/胞质内精子注射尝试提供了可能。

关键词：梗阻性和非梗阻性精子缺乏睾丸精液提取体外培养冷冻保存

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第S01期93卷 126-129页

作者： LI Zhizhong WANG Daming DAI Huimin WANG Xisheng LIANG Shuai XU jiang YANG jiajia WANG Lei CHEN Shengbo A lecos DEMETRIADES Veronika KOPACKOVA Igor SAVIN Douglas A.HOWARD timothy FILLEY GENG Xiaoyuan Shenyang Geological Survey of China Geological Survey Shenyang 110030LiaoningChina China Geological Survey Beijing 100000China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100000China British Geological Survey Ctr Environm SciNottingham NG125GGEngland jilin University Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration Olympic VillageChangchun 130026JilinChina Czech Geological Survey Remote Sensing DepartmentPrague11821Czech Republic Russian Academy of Sciences Kirensky Institute of Physics Krasnoyarsk660036Russia Department of Geology Arizona State University TempeArizona85287-1404USA Purdue Univ Dept Earth Atmospher&Planetary Sci550 Stadium Mall DrW LafayetteIN 47907USA Kentville Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaKentvilleNS B4N 1J5Cancda

The American Science journal,on the occasion of its 125 publication anniversary,in 2016,released 125 of the most challenging scientific issues(Kennedy et al.,2005)to the *** to the basics,breadth and the influence,25 of the issues which considered to be the most important were screened,including"How many people can the Earth carry?"(Stokstad,2005;Dailyg et al.,1992;Cohen,1995)and"How high will the greenhouse effect make the earth temperature?

关键词： black soils resource black soil critical zone earth critical zone

Shifting Granuloma: A Sign of Lobar Collapse

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实用放射学杂志 1985年第4期 215-216页

作者： R. timothy Webb,M.D ,j Neal Beaton,M.D ,Frank j. Wilson,jr.,M.D ,F. Charles Hiller,M. D.,F.C.C.P

The patient is a 57-year-old woman with a history of childhood asthma whichresolved and remained quiescent until ten years prior to the present admissionwhen she again began to experience asthmatic episodes requiring therapy withmethylxanthine and beta2agonist bronchodilators. She hadseveral previous hos-pitalizations for control of acute exacerbations.

关键词：分词短语 A Sign of Lobar Collapse Shifting Granuloma 状语从句