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Layer chicken microbiota:a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal dynamics across all major gut sections

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1056-1070页

作者： Yadav Sharma Bajagai Thi Thu Hao Van Nitish joat Kapil Chousalkar Robert j.Moore Dragana stanley Institute for Future Farming Systems Central Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of AdelaideRoseworthySouth Australia 5371Australia

Background The gut microbiota influences chicken health,welfare,and productivity.A diverse and balanced microbiota has been associated with improved growth,efficient feed utilisation,a well-developed immune system,disease resistance,and stress tolerance in *** studies on chicken gut microbiota have predominantly focused on broiler chickens and have usually been limited to one or two sections of the digestive system,under con-trolled research environments,and often sampled at a single time *** extend these studies,this investigation examined the microbiota of commercially raised layer chickens across all major gut sections of the digestive system and with regular sampling from rearing to the end of production at 80 *** aim was to build a detailed picture of microbiota development across the entire digestive system of layer chickens and study spatial and temporal *** The taxonomic composition of gut microbiota differed significantly between birds in the rearing and pro-duction stages,indicating a shift after laying *** microbiota compositions were observed between proven-triculus and gizzard,as well as between jejunum and ileum,likely due to their anatomical ***-lus dominated the upper gut in pullets and the lower gut in older *** oesophagus had a high proportion of Proteobacteria,including opportunistic pathogens such as *** abundance of Gallibacterium increased after peak production in multiple gut *** was enriched in the late-lay phase compared to younger birds in multiple gut *** influenced microbial richness and diversity in different *** upper gut showed decreased diversity over time,possibly influenced by dietary changes,while the lower gut,specifi-cally cecum and colon,displayed increased richness as birds ***,age-related changes were inconsist-ent across all organs,suggesting the influence of organ-specific factors in micro

关键词： Chicken microbiota Gut microbiota Layers Spatial variation Temporal variation

First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi Gabor S Ungvari stanley N Caroff Gábor Gazdag Department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years *** Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical *** his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease *** of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th ***,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early *** past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in *** Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical *** introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this *** authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro Digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese j. Thibodeaux Philip M. Urso stanley F. Kelley Marcy M. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. Dunn Gentech Diagnostics Dallas Texas USA Department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USD in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). Deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in ADF, NDF, IVTD, or OM between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVDMD In Vitro Cervids

A Start Point for Extracellular Nucleotide Signaling

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 937-938页

作者： stanley j. Roux Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

A START POINT FOR EXTRACELLULAR NUCLEOTIDE SIGNALINGThe recent discovery of a plant receptor for extracellu- lar nucleotides, reported by Choi et al. （2014）, is a major breakthrough that had been anticipated for over a dec- ade. Plants release ATP into their extracellular matrix （ECM） during growth and when they are induced by vari- ous biotic and abiotic stimuli （Clark and Roux, 2011）. That these extracellular nucleotides would activate receptors in plants was predicted by two sets of discoveries： that low- and sub-micromolar ATP could induce increases in [Ca2＋]cyt, NO, and superoxide signaling intermediates that led to downstream growth, stomatal, and defense responses, and that these changes could be blocked by antagonists that blocked extracellular nucleotide receptors in animals （Demidchik et al., 2003; Song et al., 2006; Clark et al., 2011; Demidchik et al., 2009, 2011）. Although mammalian biolo- gists had discovered two classes of receptors for extracel- lular nucleotides （P2X and P2Y） decades ago （Burnstock, 2007）, there were no plant proteins obviously similar to these in any sequence data available. Clearly, if there were plant purinoceptors, they would be different from the mammalian receptors, and they could not be discovered by motif searches.

关键词： PLANT genes RESEARCH PLANT lectins ADENINE nucleotides NUCLEOTIDES PLANTS -- Protein receptors ADENOSINE triphosphate -- Research PLANT growth

Analysis of drying and saturating natural gypsum samples for mechanical testing

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第2期11卷 219-227页

作者： Mohammadhossein Sadeghiamirshahidi stanley j.Vitton Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological University

The stability of underground abandoned gypsum mines is dependent on the gypsum pillar's strength,and most abandoned mines are in a fully saturated condition. Moisture affects the strength of gypsum and is therefore commonly measured when testing rock strength. For most rocks, this is a simple task of weighing the rock's mass before and after oven-heating at a specified temperature and duration. For natural gypsum, however, this is not a straightforward process. Heating natural gypsum can result in dehydration and transformation of gypsum to hemihydrate and anhydrite, thus changing the physical characteristics of the gypsum such as its particle density which in turn affects the moisture content and strength measurements. To prevent transformation when determining the moisture content of gypsum,the American Society for Testing Materials(ASTM) recommends lowering the drying temperature from 110℃ to 60℃ . To investigate the temperature at which gypsum transforms to hemihydrate, we used a helium pycnometer to measure the particle densities of gypsum, hemihydrate and anhydrite. In this research, we suggest that a higher drying temperature of 80℃ can be used for drying gypsum without transforming gypsum to hemihydrate. Further, preparing saturated samples for mechanical testing,which is required in stability analyses of abandoned mines, is challenging due to the dissolution of gypsum when placed in water. To address this problem, we investigated the following methods to saturate gypsum cores taking into account the solubility of gypsum:(1) water immersion,(2) vacuum saturation, and(3) improved vacuum saturation. The research indicates that all the three methods are acceptable but they should be conducted using a saturated gypsum-water solution to minimize dissolution. Further, the research found that the improved vacuum saturation method saturated the test samples within 24 h, while duration of 30 h was required for the other two methods.

关键词： Gypsum-hemihydrate-anhydrite transformation Dehydration Rock core saturation Moisture content Helium pycnometer

Mechanical properties of Michigan Basin’s gypsum before and after saturation

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journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第4期11卷 739-748页

作者： Mohammadhossein Sadeghiamirshahidi stanley j.Vitton Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan Technological University

The stability analysis of an abandoned underground gypsum mine requires the determination of the mine pillar’s *** is especially important for flooded abandoned mines where the gypsum pillars become saturated and are subjected to dissolution after ***,mine pillars are subjected to blast vibrations that generate some level of macro- and *** samples of gypsum must,therefore,simulate these conditions as close as *** this research,the strength of gypsum is investigated in an as-received saturated condition using uniaxial compressive strength (UCS),Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) and point load index (PLI) *** scale effect was investigated and new correlations were derived to describe the effect of sample size on both UCS and BTS under dry and saturated *** of blasting on these parameters were observed and the importance of choosing the proper samples was ***,correlations were derived for both compressive and tensile strengths under dry and saturated conditions from the PLI test results,which are commonly used as a simple substitute for the indirect determination of UCS and BTS.

关键词： Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) Point load index (PLI) Scale effect Michigan Basin's gypsum

Intrinsic charm production of doubly charmed baryons:Collider vs. fixed-target

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2020年第2期63卷 29-31页

作者： Ramona Vogt stanley j.Brodsky 无 Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94551USA Department of Physics University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94309USA

The LHCb Collaboration has measured the doubly charmed baryon,■^++cc(ucc),through two different decay channels[1,2]in p+p collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7,8 and 13 *** they have performed similar searches for the doubly charmed baryon ■^+cc(dcc),it has not yet been observed by LHCb[3].However,the fixed-target experiment,SELEX,at Fermilab,reported the observation of the ■^+cc in two different decay channels with a 600 GeV charged hyperon beam[4,5].The beam was composed of an admixture of π^±,p,p components as well as the Σ^- *** discussion has arisen over the fact that the fixed-target observations have not been easily reproduced by the collider experiments at higher energies,where one might have expected the production rates to be much higher due to the orders of magnitude increase in the center of mass energy with LHCb.

关键词： doubly fixed decay

Female mate choice and the potential for ornament evolution in túngara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 343-357页

作者： Michael j.RYAN Ximena E.BERNAL A.stanley RAND Section of Integrative Biology C0930 University of Texas Smithsonian Tropical Research Institution Department of Biological Science Texas Tech University Srnithsonian Tropical Research Institution

The potential for ornament evolution in response to sexual selection rests on the interaction between the permissive- ness or selectivity of female preferences and the constraints on male development of signaling related traits. We investigate the former by determining how latent female preferences either exaggerate the magnitude of current traits （i.e. elaborations） or favor novel traits （i.e. innovations）. In tt^ngara frogs, females prefer complex mating calls （whine-chucks） to simple calls （whine only）. The whine is critical for mate recognition while the chuck further enhances the attractiveness of the call. Here we use a combina- tion of synthetic and natural stimuli to examine latent female preferences. Our results show that a diversity of stimuli, including conspecific and heterospecific calls as well as predator-produced and human-made sounds, increase the attractiveness of a call when added to a whine. These stimuli do not make simple calls more attractive than a whine-chuck, however. In rare cases we found stimuli that added to the whine decrease the attractiveness of the call. Overall, females show strong preferences for both elaborations and innovations of the chuck. We argue that the emancipation of these acoustic adornments from mate recognition allows such female permissiveness, and that male constraints on signal evolution are probably more important in explaining why males evolved their specific adornment. Experimentally probing latent female preferences for stimuli out of the species＇ range is a useful means to gain insights about the potential of female choice to influence signal evolution and thus the astounding diversity in male sexually-selected traits [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 343-357, 2010].

关键词： Mate choice Ornament evolution Tfingara frogs Physalaemus pustulosus

AdS/QCD and light front holography: A new approximation to QCD

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Chinese Physics C 2010年第9期34卷 1229-1235页

作者： stanley j.Brodsky Guy F.de Téramond SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University Universidad de Costa Rica

The combination of Anti-de Sitter space （AdS） methods with light-front holography leads to a semi-classical first approximation to the spectrum and wavefunctions of meson and baryon light-quark bound *** from the bound-state Hamiltonian equation of motion in QCD,we derive relativistic lightfront wave equations in terms of an invariant impact variable ζ which measures the separation of the quark and gluonic constituents within the hadron at equal light-front *** equations of motion in physical space-time are equivalent to the equations of motion which describe the propagation of spin-j modes in anti–de Sitter （AdS） *** eigenvalues give the hadronic spectrum,and its eigenmodes represent the probability distributions of the hadronic constituents at a given *** to the light meson and baryon spectra are *** predicted meson spectrum has a string-theory Regge form M^ 2 = 4κ ^2 （n＋L＋S/2）;i.e.,the square of the eigenmass is linear in both L and n,where n counts the number of nodes of the wavefunction in the radial variable ζ.The space-like pion and nucleon form factors are also well *** thus obtains a remarkable connection between the description of hadronic modes in AdS space and the Hamiltonian formulation of QCD in physical space-time quantized on the light-front at fixed light-front time τ.The model can be systematically improved by using its complete orthonormal solutions to diagonalize the full QCD lightfront Hamiltonian or by applying the Lippmann-Schwinger method in order to systematically include the QCD interaction terms.

关键词： gauge/gravity correspondence light-front dynamics strongly coupled QCD meson and baryon spectrum meson and nucleon form factors