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Do black-furred animals compensate for high solar absorption with smaller hairs？ A test with a polymorphic squirrel species

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 731-736页

作者： Melanie A. FRATTO Andrew K. davis Odum School of Ecology The University of Georgia Athens GA USA 30602

In polymorphic mammalian species that display multiple color forms, those with dark, or melanic pelage would be prone to overheating, especially if they live in warm climates, because their fur absorbs solar energy at a higher rate. However, experimental studies indicate that certain physical properties of fur of dark individuals appear to prevent, or minimize heat stress, although it is not clear what properties do so. Here, we tested the possibility that black-furred individuals simply have shorter or thinner hair fibers, which would create a lighter （in terms of weight） coat or one that allows greater air flow for evaporative coo- ling. we examined museum specimens of eastern fox squirrels Sciurus niger, a species native to the United States and one that displays brown, grey or all-black pelage color, and used image analysis procedures to quantify hairs from the dorsal surface and tail. From examination of 43 specimens （19 brown, 9 black and 15 grey）, and 1,720 hairs, we found no significant difference in hair lengths across color morphs, but significant differences in hair fiber widths. Black squirrels had thinner body hairs than other forms （7% thinner）, but thicker tail hairs （9% thicker） than the others. Given that the dorsal surface would be directly exposed to solar radiation, we interpret this to be an adaptation to prevent heat stress during the day. The thicker tail hairs may be an adapta- tion for nighttime thermoregulation, since squirrels sleep with their tails wrapped around their bodies. These results add to a growing literature body of the functional significance of mammalian pelage [Current Zoology 57 （6）： 731-736, 2011].

关键词： Polymorphism Melanism Fox squirrels Sciurus niger Heat stress Hair morphology

Regulation of protein degradation pathways by amino acids and insulin in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 299-309页

作者： Agus Suryawan Teresa A davis United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine

Background： The rapid gain in lean mass in neonates requires greater rates of protein synthesis than degradation. we previously delineated the molecular mechanisms by which insulin and amino acids, especially leucine, modulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and how this changes with development. In the current study, we identified mechanisms involved in protein degradation regulation. In experiment 1,6- and 26-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemiohyperaminoacidemic, and 3） hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps for 2 h. In experiment 2, 5-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-euleucinemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoaminoacidemic- hyperleucinemic, and 3） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-hyperleucinemic clamps for 24 h. we determined in muscle indices of ubiquitin-proteasome, i.e., atrogin-1 （MAFbx） and muscle RING-finger protein-1 （MuRF1） and autophagy-lysosome systems, i.e., unc51-1ike kinase 1 （UKL1）, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 （Lamp-2）. For comparison, we measured ribosomal protein 56 （rpS6） and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E （elF4E） activation, components of translation initiation. Results： Abundance of atrogin-1, but not MuRF1, was greater in 26- than 6-d-old pigs and was not affected by insulin, amino acids, or leucine. Abundance of ULK1 and LC3 was higher in younger pigs and not affected by treatment. The LC3-11/LC3-1 ratio was reduced and ULK1 phosphorylation increased by insulin, amino acids, and leucine. These responses were more profound in younger pigs. Abundance of Lamp-2 was not affected by treatment or development. Abundance of elF4E, but not rpS6, was higher in 6- than 26-d-old-pigs but unaffected by treatment. Phosphorylation of elF4E was not affected by treatment, however, insulin, amino acids, and leucine stimulated rpS6 phosphorylation, and the resp

关键词： Amino acids Autophagy Insulin Leucine Muscle Neonate Protein degradation Protein synthesis,Swine Ubiquitin

Vaccine-associated myocarditis:a case report and summary of the literature

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world Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 485-487页

作者： Joshua davis Lauren Jennings University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita 67214USA Vituity Wichita 67214USA American Red Cross in Hazelwood Missouri 63042USA

Dear editor,Myocarditis is a known complication of vaccines for COVID-19,particularly mRNA *** it is rare,the exact incidence of vaccine-associated myocarditis is *** of personal choice in vaccination decisions often cite the risk of myocarditis as a reason one might choose not to receive the COVID-19 ***,we describe a case of focal myocarditis associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and review the literature on the incidence and risk of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis.

关键词： myocarditis vaccine Pfizer

The International Prostate Forum introduction and history

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第6期17卷 863-863,I0006页

作者： John w.davis Tsuneharu Miki Atif Akdas Hiroki watanabe Ziya Kirkali Run wang R Joseph Babaian Department of Urology The University of Texas MDAnderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA Department of Urology Kyoto Prefectural University ofMedicine Kyoto Japan Department of Urology Schoolof Medicine Marmara University Istanbul Turkey watanabe Memorial Choumei Research Laboratory Shiga Japan Dokuz EylOI University School ofMedicine Department of Urology Izmir Turkey Division of Urology University of Texas Medical Schoolat Houston Department of Urology Houston TexasUSA Department of Urology University of Texas MDAnderson Cancer Center Houston Texas 77030 USA

The International Prostate Forum （IPF） originally started with three urology departments in Japan, Turkey, and the United States. The forum emphasized discussions and presentations of new knowledge in all areas of prostate diseases with an early emphasis on ultrasound and diagnostics. The meeting has generally run every 2 years and rotated through the three sites with new leadersjoining the effort. Over the years, the meeting has enjoyed a diverse locale and points of emphasis. The latter agendas now cover all aspects of the benign prostate disease, prostate cancer screening, prostate cancer diagnosis and staging, and therapies. Table 1 summarizes the dates of the meetings, locations, and chairman.

关键词： International Prostate history

Cross-scale modeling of surface temperature and tree seedling establishment in mountain landscapes

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 313-327页

作者： John R Dingman Lynn C Sweet Ian McCullough Frank w.davis Alan Flint Janet Franklin Lorraine E Flint Earth Research Institute University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA U.S.Geological Survey California Water Science CenterSacramentoCA 95819USA Bren School of Environmental Science&Management University of California Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA93106USA School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ85287USA

Introduction:Estimating surface temperature from above-ground field measurements is important for understanding the complex landscape patterns of plant seedling survival and establishment,processes which occur at heights of only several ***,future climate models predict temperature at 2 m above ground,leaving ground-surface microclimate not well ***:Using a network of field temperature sensors and climate models,a ground-surface temperature method was used to estimate microclimate variability of minimum and maximum *** lapse rates were derived from field temperature sensors and distributed across the landscape capturing differences in solar radiation and cold air drainages modeled at a 30-m spatial ***:The surface temperature estimation method used for this analysis successfully estimated minimum surface temperatures on north-facing,south-facing,valley,and ridgeline topographic settings,and when compared to measured temperatures yielded an R2 of 0.88,0.80,0.88,and 0.80,*** surface temperatures generally had slightly more spatial variability than minimum surface temperatures,resulting in R2 values of 0.86,0.77,0.72,and 0.79 for north-facing,south-facing,valley,and ridgeline topographic ***-Poisson regressions predicting recruitment of Quercus kelloggii(black oak)seedlings from temperature variables were significantly improved using these estimates of surface temperature compared to air temperature modeled at 2 ***:Predicting minimum and maximum ground-surface temperatures using a downscaled climate model coupled with temperature lapse rates estimated from field measurements provides a method for modeling temperature effects on plant *** methods could be applied to improve projections of species’range shifts under climate *** of complex topography can provide intricate microclimates that may allow species to redistribute locally as climate

关键词： Black oak Climate change Generalized linear models Microclimate Topography Spatial scale Surface temperature

An evaluation of a catch and release trout regulation in Rapid Creek,South Dakota

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第5期8卷 558-563页

作者： Jacob L.davis South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks4130 Adventure TrailRapid CitySD57702USA

Often,catch and release regulations are meant to maximize a fisheries potential to create trophy fish.I evaluated adult Brown Trout populations at five locations within Rapid Creek within Rapid City,SD over a two-year *** each year,one of these locations was within a catch and release area,while two were *** 2012,density and biomass estimates were higher in a site located outside of the catch and release ***,size structure within the catch and release area was only significantly larger than one of the two sites outside of the regulation *** relative weight values were inversely related to density estimates,with the lowest density sites having the highest mean relative ***,a site outside of the catch and release area had the highest abundance and biomass estimates in *** cumulative length distribution was significantly different between the site within the catch and release area and the two located *** weight was significantly higher in the catch and release area than the two sites *** population characteristics within the catch and release area were not consistently better than outside,it is more likely that factors such as habitat and density dependence are impacting the Brown Trout population more than the regulation itself.

关键词： Trout Regulations Catch and release

Phosphate Sorption in water by Several Cationic Polymer Flocculants

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2016年第1期5卷 45-51页

作者： timothy S. Goebel Robert J. Lascano Todd A. davis Cropping Systems Research Laboratory USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA Department of Chemistry United States Air Force Academy Colorado Springs CO USA

Although inorganic phosphate is an essential plant nutrient, elevated levels in surface waters lead to adverse effects in the environment. These effects are attributed to runoff from rain or irrigation events that may cause the sorbed phosphate to be transported from the application sites and to move into neighboring watersheds. Increased phosphate concentration in watersheds may lead to a variety of environmental problems including increased algal blooms, bacterial contamination, and in some cases eutrophication. To overcome these effects, polymer flocculants have been shown to reduce the phosphate concentration in water by removing suspended solids and thereby removing the phosphate sorbed to the solids. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount, if any, of phosphate removed by several commercial polymers. The polymers chosen include the polyacrylamides Magnifloc 494C, Magnifloc 985N and Poly (diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride) (Poly (DADMAC)). Using these polymers, it is discovered that the positive charge density of the polymers affects the amount of phosphate removed from solution with Poly (DADMAC) (having 100% positive charge density) removing 40% of the phosphate from a solution containing 10 ppm phosphate.

关键词： Polymer Flocculants Phosphate Sorption Polyacrylamides Poly (DADMAC) Smectite

Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete building: A case study

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 117-130页

作者： Swetapadma PANDA Nikhil P.ZADE Pradip SARKAR Robin davis Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Technical Education and ResearchOdisha 751030India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaOdisha 769008India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKerala 673601India

Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built *** numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature,no research has focused on the structural application of this type of *** particular,the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete,which is required for various structural applications,such as limit state design formulation,reliability-based structural analysis,etc.,has so far not attracted the attention of *** paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-,flexural-and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine ***-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory *** addition,the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building,considering the proposed distribution *** results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.

关键词： waste copper slag quantification of variability goodness-of-fit test seismic risk assessment PSDM

Parallelization of an Implicit Algorithm for Multi-Dimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第8期16卷 599-611页

作者： George M.Petrov Jack davis Naval Research Laboratory Plasma Physics Division4555 Overlook Ave.SWWashingtonDC 20375USA.

The implicit 2D3V particle-in-cell(PIC)code developed to study the interaction of ultrashort pulse lasers with matter[*** and ***,Computer ***.179,868(2008);*** 18,073102(2011)]has been parallelized using MPI(Message Passing Interface).The parallelization strategy is optimized for a small number of computer cores,up to about *** on the algorithm implementation are given with emphasis on code optimization by overlapping computations with *** evaluation for 1D domain decomposition has been made on a small Linux cluster with 64 computer cores for two typical regimes of PIC operation:”particle dominated”,for which the bulk of the computation time is spent on pushing particles,and”field dominated”,for which computing the fields is *** a small number of computer cores,less than 32,the MPI implementation offers a significant numerical *** the”particle dominated”regime it is close to the maximum theoretical one,while in the”field dominated”regime it is about 75-80%of the maximum *** a number of cores exceeding 32,performance degradation takes place as a result of the adopted 1D domain *** code parallelization will allow future implementation of atomic physics and extension to three dimensions.

关键词： Particle-in-cell Maxwell equations MPI lasertarget interaction.