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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第27期11卷 4199-4205页

作者： Johannes Benninger rainer Grobholz Yurdaguel Oeztuerk Christoph h.Antoni Eckhart G.hahn Manfred V.Singer Richard Strauss Department of Medicine Ⅰ Department of Pathology Department of Medicine II Department of Medicine Ⅱ

MM： Persistent cholestasis is a rare complication of severe trauma or infections. Little is known about the possible pathomechanisms and the clinical ***： Secondary sclerosing cholangitis was diagnosed in five patients with persistent jaundice after severe trauma （one burn injury, three accidents, one power current injury）. Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed with regard to possible trigger mechanisms for cholestasis, and the clinical course was ***： Diagnosis of secondary sclerosing cholangitis was based in all patients on the primary sclerosing cholangitis （PSC）-Iike destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts at cholangiography after exclusion of PSC. In four patients, arterial hypotension with subsequent ischemia may have caused the bile duct damage, whereas in the case of power current injury direct thermal damage was assumed to be the trigger mechanism. The course of secondary liver fibrosis was rapidly progressive and proceeded to liver cirrhosis in all four patients with a follow-up 〉2 years. Therapeutic possibilities were ***： Posttraumatic sderosing cholangitis is a rare but rapidly progressive disease, probably caused by ischemia of the intrahepatic bile ducts via the peribiliary capillary plexus due to arterial *** should be aware of this disease in patients with persistent cholestasis after severe trauma.

关键词： Life-threatening trauma Arterial hypotension Cholestasis Ischemia of intrahepatic bile ducts Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Posttraumatic sclerosing cholangitis

Stimulation of TNF receptor type 2 expands regulatory T cells and ameliorates established collagen-induced arthritis in mice

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第1期16卷 65-74页

作者： Vanessa Lamontain Tobias Schmid Dorothea Weber-Steffens David Zeller Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl harald Wajant rainer h Straub Daniela N Männel Institute of Immunology University of Regensburg93042 RegensburgGermany Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity Hospital Regensburg93042 RegensburgGermany Division of Molecular Internal Medicine Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital Würzburg97070 WürzburgGermany

Tumor necrosis factor(TNF)and its receptors TNF receptor type 1(TNFR1)and type 2(TNFR2)have a central role in chronic inflammatory *** TNFR1 mainly confers inflammation,activation of TNFR2 elicits not only pro-inflammatory but also anti-inflammatory *** this study,we wanted to investigate the anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential of selective activation of TNFR2 in mice with established collageninduced *** with established arthritis induced by immunization with bovine collagen type II were treated with six injections of the TNFR2-specific agonist TNCscTNF80,given every second *** days after treatment cessation,the cell compositions of bone marrow,spleen and lymph nodes were *** were visually scored until day 30 after the start of therapy and the degree of joint inflammation was determined by *** with TNCscTNF80 increased arthritis-induced *** effect was seen on the infiltration rate of inflammatory immature myeloid cells and on the reduction of lymphoid cells in secondary lymphoid *** treatment,frequency of regulatory T(Treg)cells in the CD4+T-cell population was increased in both spleen and inguinal lymph *** addition,the expression of TNFR2 on Treg cells was *** clinical score started to improve 1 week after cessation treatment and remained lower 30 days after initiation of *** histological score also revealed amelioration of joint inflammation in TNCscTNF80-treated versus control *** of TNFR2 might provide a suitable therapeutic strategy in autoimmune arthritis by increasing the numbers of regulatory cell types,in particular Treg cells,and by attenuation of arthritis.

关键词： collagen type II-induced arthritis regulatory T cells TNF TNF receptor type 2 TNFR2-specific agonist TNCscTNF80

Chronic hepatitis C:Treat or wait? Medical decision making in clinical practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第12期18卷 1339-1347页

作者： Claus Niederau Dietrich hüppe Elmar Zehnter Bernd Mller Renate heyne Stefan Christensen rainer Pfaff Arno Theilmeier Ulrich Alshuth Stefan Mauss Katholische Kliniken Oberhausen St.Josef HospitalKlinik für Innere MedizinOberhausen 46045Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and hepatology Herne 44623Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and hepatology Dortmund 44263Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and hepatology Berlin 10969Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Medicine Münster 48143Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and hepatology Gie en 35392Germany Medical Office for Gastroenterology and hepatology Mnchengladbach 41239Germany Pharma AG Medical Management Virology Grenzach-Wyhlen 79639Germany Center for hIV and hepatogastroenterology Düsseldorf 40237Germany

AIM:To analyzes the decision whether patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (hCV) infection are treated or ***:This prospective cohort study included 7658 untreated patients and 6341 patients receiving pegylated interferon α2 a/ribavirin,involving 434 physicians/institutions throughout Germany (377 in private practice and 57 in hospital settings).A structured questionnaire had to be answered prior to the treatment decision,which included demographic data,information about the personal life situation of the patients,anamnesis and symptomatology of hepatitis C,virological data,laboratory data and data on concomitant diseases.A second part of the study analyzes patients treated with pegylated interferon α*** questionnaires included reasons against treatment mentioned by the ***:Overall treatment uptake was 45%.By multivariate analysis,genotype 1/4/5/6,hCV-RNA ≤ 520 000 IU/mL,normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT),platelets ≤ 142 500/μL,age > 56 years,female gender,infection length > 12.5 years,concomitant diseases,human immunodeficiency virus co-infection,liver biopsy not performed,care in private practice,asymptomatic disease,and unemployment were factors associated with reduced treatment *** and sustained viral response rates in migrants (1/3 of cohort) were higher than in German natives although 1/3 of migrants had language *** rate and liver biopsy were higher in clinical settings when compared to private practice and were low when ALT and hCV-RNA were ***:Some reasons against treatment were medically based whereas others were related to fears,socio-economical problems,and information deficits both on the side of physicians and patients.

关键词： hepatitis C virus Interferon, Ribavirin Livercirrhosis Migrants Treatment barrier

A New β-Estradiol-lnducible Vector Set that Facilitates Easy Construction and Efficient Expression of Transgenes Reveals CBL3-Dependent Cytoplasm to Tonoplast Translocation of CIPK5

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Molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1814-1829页

作者： Kathrin Schliicking Kai h. Edel Maria M. Drerupa Philipp Koster Christian Eckert Leonie Steinhorst rainer Waadt Oliver Batistic Jorg Kudla Institut for Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen Universit~t MQnster Schlossplatz 4 48149 MQnster Gel'many _ . _ Present address: University of California San Diego Division of Biological Sciences Cell and Developmental Biology Section 9500 Gilman Drive #0116 LaJolla CA 92093-0116 USA

Transient and stable expression of transgenes is central to many investigations in plant biology research. Chemical regulation of expression can circumvent problems of plant lethality caused by constitutive overexpression or allow inducible knock （out/down） approaches. Several chemically inducible or repressible systems have been described and successfully applied. however, cloning and application-specific modification of most available inducible expression systems have been limited and remained complicated due to restricted cloning options. here we describe a new set of 57 vectors that enable transgene expression in transiently or stably transformed cells. All vectors harbor a synthetically optimized XVE expression cassette, allowing I^-estradiol mediated protein expression. Plasmids are equipped with the reporter genes GUS, GFP, mCherry, or with hA and Strepll epitope tags and harbor an optimized multiple cloning site for flexible and simple clon- ing strategies. Moreover, the vector design allows simple substitution of the driving promoter to achieve tissue-specificity or to modulate expression ranges of inducible transgene expression. We report details of the kinetics and dose-dependence of expression induction in Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts, transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Using these vectors, we investigated the influence of CBL （Calcineurin B-like） protein expression on the subcellular localization of CIPKs （Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases）. These analyses uncovered that induced co-expression of CBL3 is fully sufficient for dynamic translocation of CIPK5 from the cytoplasm to the tonoplast. Thus, the vector system presented here facilitates a broad range of research applications.

关键词： vector inducible gene expression βestradiol Arabidopsis CBL CIPK.

high Responsivity and Ultra-Low Detection Limits in Nonlinear a-Si:h p-i-n Photodiodes Enabled by Photogating

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Photonic Sensors 2023年第4期13卷 27-38页

作者： Andreas BABLICh Maurice MÜLLER rainer BORNEMANN Andreas NAChTIGAL Peter hARING BOLÍVAR Institute of Graphene-Based Nanotechnology University of SiegenHölderlinstr.357076 SiegenGermany Institute of high Frequency and Quantum Electronics University of SiegenHölderlinstr.357076 SiegenGermany

Photodetectors operating at the wavelength in the visible spectrum are key components in high-performance optoelectronic *** this work,massive nonlinearities in amorphous silicon p-i-n photodiodes enabled by the photogating are presented,resulting in responsivities up to 744 mA/W at blue *** detectors exhibit significant responsivity gains at optical modulation frequencies exceeding Mhz and a more than 60-fold enhanced spectral response compared to the non-gated *** detection limits down to 10.4 nW/mm^(2) and mean signal-to-noise ratio enhancements of 8.5dB are demonstrated by illuminating the sensor with an additional 6.6μW/mm^(2) red ***-optical simulations verify photocarrier modulation due to defect-induced field screening to be the origin of such high responsivity *** experimental results validate the theory and enable the development of commercially viable and complementary metal oxide semiconductor(CMOS)compatible high responsivity photodetectors operating in the visible range for low-light level imaging and detection.

关键词： Photogating amorphous silicon a-Si:h nonlinearity photodetector responsivity gain

Methodological impact of starch determination on starch content and ileal digestibility of starch in grain legumes for growing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 459-466页

作者： Dagmar Jezierny rainer Mosenthin Nadja Sauer Klaus Schwadorf Pia Rosenfelder-Kuon University of hohenheim Institute of Animal ScienceEmil-Wolff-Strasse 1070599 StuttgartGermany Agricultural Analytic andResearch Institute Speyer Obere Langgasse 4067346 SpeyerGermany University of hohenheim Core Facility HohenheimEmil-Wolff-Strasse 1270599 StuttgartGermany

Background： Grain legumes represent a valuable energy source in pig diets due to their high starch content. The present study was conducted to determine the content and apparent ileal digestibility（AID） of starch in different grain legume cultivars for pigs by means of both a polarimetric and enzymatic method for starch ***： Three experiments were conducted with six barrows each which were fitted with ileal T-cannulas. In total, 18 diets including six different cultivars of faba beans（Vicia faba L.） and peas（Pisum sativum L.）, five different cultivars of lupins（Lupinus luteus L., Lupinus angustifolius L.）, and one diet with a soybean meal（SBM） were ***： The starch content of faba beans and peas was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） when determined polarimetrically than enzymatically（438 vs. 345 g/kg dry matter（DM） in faba beans and 509 vs. 390 g/kg DM in peas, respectively）.Considerable lower starch contents were obtained in lupins and SBM, with 82 and 48 g/kg DM（analyzed polarimetrically） and ＆lt;1.1 and 3 g/kg DM（analyzed enzymatically）, respectively. Mean values for contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF） and acid detergent fiber（ADF） in grain legumes ranged from 111 and 79 g/kg DM in peas to248 and 207 g/kg DM in lupins, respectively. Contents of condensed tannins in the colored flowered faba bean cultivars ranged from 2.1 to 7.4 g/kg DM. The AID of starch was greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） in pea than in faba bean cultivars,and using the polarimetric starch determination method resulted in greater（P ＆lt; 0.05） digestibility values than using enzymatic starch analysis（84 vs. 80% in faba beans and 86 vs. 83% in peas）. Moreover, AID of starch differed（P ＆lt; 0.05）within pea cultivars and starch digestibility in faba beans decreased linearly（P ＆lt; 0.05） as the content of condensed tannins increased. however, there was no relationship between contents of NDF and ADF and AID of starch in pea and faba bean ***： Both contents and AID of starch in

关键词： Grain legumes Growing pigs Ileal starch digestibility Starch determination method

h pylori infection causes chronic pancreatitis in Mongolian gerbils

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第29期13卷 3939-3947页

作者： Gabriele Rieder Arno Karnholz Mechthild Stoeckelhuber Juanita L Merchant rainer haas Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for hygiene and Medical Microbiology Ludwig-Maximilians-University 80336 Munich Germany Institute of Anatomy Ludwig- Maximilians-University 80336 Munich Germany University of Michigan Departments of Internal Medicine and Molecular and Integrative Physiology Ann Arbor Michigan United States

AIM： To investigate whether chronic h pylori infection has the potential to induce pancreatitis in the Mongolian gerbil model, and whether it is dependent on an intact type Ⅳ secretion system. METhODS： Mongolian gerbils were infected with wild type （WT） h pylori type Ⅰ strain B128 or its isogenic mutant B128 △cag γ （defective type Ⅳ secretion）. After seven months of infection, h pylori was reisolated from antrum and corpus and hpylori DNA was analyzed by seminested polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Inflammation and histological changes were documented in the gastric antrum, corpus, and pancreas by immunohistochemistry. Cytokine mRNA, gastric ph, plasma gastrin, amylase, lipase, and glucose levels were determined. RESULTS： The h pylori infection rate was 95%. Eight infected animals, but none of the uninfected group, developed transmural inflammation and chronic pancreatitis. Extensive interstitial fibrosis and inflammation of the pancreatic lobe adjacent to the antrum was confirmed by trichrome stain, and immuno-histochemically. Pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA was significantly increased in the antral mucosa of all infected gerbils. In the corpus, only cytokine levels of WT-infected animals andthose developing transmural inflammation and pancreatitis were significantly increased. Levels of lipase, but not glucose or amylase levels, were significantly reduced in the pancreatitis group. h pylori DNA was detected in infected antral and corpus tissue,but not in the pancreas CONCLUSION： h pylori infection is able to induce chronic pancreatitis in Mongolian gerbils independently of the type Ⅳ secretion system, probably by an indirect mechanism associated with a penetrating ulcer.

关键词： h pylori Mongolian gerbil Pancreatitis Gastritis Penetrating ulcer

Influence of Soil Properties on Zinc Solubility Dynamics Under Different Redox Conditions in Non-Calcareous Soils

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Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 96-105页

作者： Michelle Anne Belen BUNQUIN Susan TANDY Sarah Johnson BEEBOUT rainer SChULIN Crop and Environmental Sciences Division International Rice Research InstituteCollegeLos Banos Soil Protection Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH Zurich

Zinc(Zn) deficiency in paddy soils is often a problem for rice *** can decrease metal availability in some noncalcareous soils through different mechanisms associated with soil redox *** experiments were performed in order to better understand the processes that governed the dynamics of Zn in non-calcareous paddy soils at varying redox potentials(Eh).Airdried non-calcareous soil samples collected from four different paddy field sites in the Philippines were submerged and incubated in a reaction cell with continuous stirring and nitrogen purging for 4 weeks,and then purged with compressed air for another week to reoxidize the *** Eh of the four soils started at 120 to 300 mV,decreased to —220 to —300 mV after 100 to 250 h of reduction,and was maintained at this low plateau for about 2 weeks before increasing again upon *** solubility showed contrasting patterns in the four soils,with two of the soils showing a decrease in soluble Zn as the Eh became low,probably due to zinc sulfide(ZnS) *** contrast,the other two soils showed that Zn solubility was maintained during the reduced phase which could be due to the competition with iron(Fe) for precipitation with *** in the relative amounts of S,Fe,and manganese(Mn) oxides in the four soils apparently influenced the pattern of Zn solubility after flooding.

关键词： microcosm paddy soil precipitation rice soil sulfide speciation Zn availability

how Sugars Might Coordinate Chloroplast and Nuclear Gene Expression during Acclimation to high Light Intensities

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Molecular Plant 2014年第7期7卷 1121-1137页

作者： rainer E. haiusler Luisa heinrichs Jessica Schmitz Ulf-Ingo Flugge Department of Botany II Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne ZuIpicherstr. 47b 50674 Cologne Germany Present address: Plant Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology Heinrich-Heine-University Universitatsstrasse 1 40225 D~sseldorfGermany

The concept of retrograde control of nuclear gene expression assumes the generation of signals inside the chloroplasts, which are either released from or sensed inside of the organelle. In both cases, downstream signaling path- ways lead eventually to a differential regulation of nuclear gene expression and the production of proteins required in the chloroplast. This concept appears reasonable as the majority of the over 3000 predicted plastidial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes. hence, the nucleus needs information on the status of the chloroplasts, such as during acclimation responses, which trigger massive changes in the protein composition of the thylakoid membrane and in the stroma. here, we propose an additional control mechanism of nuclear- and plastome-encoded photosynthesis genes, taking advantage of pathways involved in sugar- or hormonal signaling. Sugars are major end products of photosynthesis and their con- tents respond very sensitively to changes in light intensities. Based on recent findings, we ask the question as to whether the carbohydrate status outside the chloroplast can be directly sensed within the chloroplast stroma. Sugars might syn- chronize the responsiveness of both genomes and thereby help to coordinate the expression of piastome- and nuclear- encoded photosynthesis genes in concert with other, more specific retrograde signals.

关键词： acclimation--physiological assimilate allocation/partitioning carbohydrate metabolism molecular physiology membrane proteins Arabidopsis.

Modernization of European (and Swiss) Capital Market Law——Lessons for China?

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商事法论集 2016年第2期 87-102页

作者： Rolf h.Weber rainer Baisch University of Zurich

*** and Swiss capital market law developmentsThe term capital market in this contribution encompasses a wide variety of functions:(i)the corporate financing and capital raising(long term),(ii)the offering of various investment products(financial market)and also(iii)the securities market with its relevant trading *** at these markets from a regulatory perspective,the purpose of ensuring systemic stability and investor protection calls for functional safeguards especially in form of banking regulation,of supervised adherence to a code of conduct by all financial intermediaries and of respective enforcement

关键词： and Swiss Lessons for China Modernization of European Capital Market Law