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studies in Fungi 2017年第1期2卷 219-234页

作者： Wanasinghe DN Jeewon R tibpromma s Jones EBG Hyde KD Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Health sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Nantgaredig 33 B St.Edwards RoadSouthseaHantsHampshire PO53DHUK

The family Testudinaceae and its intergeneric classification are poorly understood.This is due to overlap of morphological characteristics in genera and lack of DNA sequence data to infer phylogenetic relationships.The main objective of the present paper is to establish a novel genus,Muritestudina,based on distinct morphological characteristics and analyses of combined LsU,ssU,ITs,rpb2 and tef1 sequence data.We also fill the gap of our current knowledge on the phylogenetic position of Testudinaceae.Based on the morphological characteristics of species representing existing genera of Testudinaceae,we herein introduce a new genus,Muritestudina with M.chiangraiensis as the type species.The new genus is characterized by globose to subglobose,ostiolate ascomata;a peridium of brown to dark-brown cells of textura angularis;septate and cellular pseudoparaphyses;cylindric-clavate asci with a distinct pedicel;and hyaline,ellipsoidal and muriform ascospores.The new genus differs from the other genera in Testudinaceae in having hyaline,muriform ascospores.Combined analyses of ribosomal and protein coding gene sequence data confirmed that our new taxon belongs in Testudinaceae with a close relationship with Neotestudina rosatii.

关键词： Ascomycota phylogeny Pleosporales taxonomy

Additions to Pseudocamarosporium;two new species from Italy

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studies in Fungi 2016年第1期1卷 1-10页

作者： Wijayawardene NN tibpromma s Hyde KD An YL Camporesi E Wang Y Department of Plant Pathology Agriculture CollegeGuizhou University550025 Center of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of ScienceMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201P.R.China World Agroforestry Centre East Asia OfficeKunming 650201YunnanP.R.China P.R.China The Key Laboratory of Karst Environment and Geohazard Prevention Ministry of EducationGuizhou University A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani” Via Roma 18ForlìItaly/A.M.B.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly/Societàper gli Studi Naturalistici della RomagnaC.P.144Bagnacavallo(RA)Italy

Two coelomycetous taxa with muriform conidia were collected from Italy,and subjected to morpho-molecular taxonomic analyses.A mega blast search showed that the new taxa had a close relationship with Pseudocamarosporium.Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined LsU,ssU and ITs sequence data also showed that these strains reside in Didymosphaeriaceae and cluster with Pseudocamarosporium sensu stricto.Following detailed morphological and molecular analyses,these are introduced as new species in Pseudocamarosporium.The new taxa are illustrated and compared with other known species in the genus.

关键词： Camarosporium Coelomycetous fungi Muriform Phylogeny

A New Record of Aspergillus vadensis (Ascomycota) Isolated from soil in Yunnan Province,China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第3期90卷 1031-1039页

作者： sadia Nadir sehroon Khan Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe saowaluck tibpromma shahid Iqbal Jianchu Xu Peter Mortimer CAs Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming650201China Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming654400China Department of Chemistry University of Science and TechnologyBannu28100Pakistan

During a survey of soil fungi in Yunnan Province,several isolates of Aspergillus were obtained.Based on morphology and molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8s nrRNA gene(ITs),β-tubulin and calmodulin(CaM)genes sequences,two isolates were identified as Aspergillus vadensis(section Nigri).A phylogenetic tree,detailed descriptions,illustrations and scanned electron microscopy morphology are provided for the new isolates.This is the first record of A.vadensis from China.

关键词： Morphology phylogeny section Nigri soil fungi

Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 237-278页

作者： Indunil C.senanayake Dhandevi Pem Achala R.Rathnayaka subodini N.Wijesinghe saowaluck tibpromma Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nuwan D.Kularathnage Deecksha Gomdola Dulanjalee Harishchandra Lakmali s.Dissanayake Mei-mei Xiang Anusha H.Ekanayaka Eric H.C.McKenzie Kevin D.Hyde Hao-xing Zhang Ning Xie Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityNanhai AvenueNanshanShenzhen 3688GuangdongChina Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand school of science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina Centre for Mountain Futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Engineering Research Center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in southwest Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland Mail CentrePrivate Bag 92170Auckland 1142New Zealand

sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of fungi.The global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been estimated.This paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches,viz.by numbers of described fungi,by fungus:substrate ratio,by ecological distribution,by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in Ascomycota.The assumptions were made with the currently most accepted,“2.2–3.8 million”species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90%of the described ascomycetes reproduce sexually.The Catalogue of Life,species Fungorum and published research were used for data procurement.The average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million,ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 million.However,only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data repositories.The ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:22.Therefore,where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes?The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots,poorly-studied areas and species complexes.Other poorly studied niches include extremophiles,lichenicolous fungi,human pathogens,marine fungi,and fungicolous fungi.Undescribed species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier spe-cies.Nomenclatural issues,such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs,synonyms,conspecific names,illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described species.Interspecies introgression results in new species,while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.

关键词： Ascomycota Estimates Habitat diversity Molecular techniques species concepts

The numbers of fungi:contributions from traditional taxonomic studies and challenges of metabarcoding

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 327-386页

作者： Chayanard Phukhamsakda Rolf Henrik Nilsson Chitrabhanu s.Bhunjun Antonio Roberto Gomes de Farias Ya-Ru sun subodini N.Wijesinghe Mubashar Raza Dan-Feng Bao Li Lu saowaluck tibpromma Wei Dong Danushka s.Tennakoon Xing-Guo Tian Yin-Ru Xiong samantha C.Karunarathna Lei Cai Zong-Long Luo Yong Wang Ishara s.Manawasinghe Erio Camporesi Paul M.Kirk Itthayakorn Promputtha Chang-Hsin Kuo Hong-Yan su Mingkwan Doilom Yu Li Yong-Ping Fu Kevin D.Hyde Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China College of Plant Protection Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun 130118JilinPeople’s Republic of China Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre 40530 GothenburgSweden Department of Biological and Environmental sciences University of GothenburgBox 46140530 GothenburgSweden Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand school of science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China state Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China College of Agriculture and Biological sciences Dali UniversityDali 671003YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Centre for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujing 655011YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China Department of Plant Medicine National Chiayi University300 Syuefu RoadChiayi City 60004Taiwan school of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Guizhou Institute of TechnologyGuiyang 550003People’s Republic of China CAs Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201People’s Republic of China A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani”Via Roma 18ForlìItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.314 BresciaItaly

The global diversity of fungi has been estimated using several different approaches.There is somewhere between 2–11 million estimated species,but the number of formally described taxa is around 150,000,a tiny fraction of the total.In this paper,we examine 12 ascomycete genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal species descriptions,and introduce new species in each genus.To highlight the importance of traditional morpho-molecular methods in publishing new species,we introduce novel taxa in 12 genera that are considered to have low species discovery.We discuss whether the species are likely to be rare or due to a lack of extensive sampling and classification.The genera are Apiospora,Bambusicola,Beltrania,Capronia,Distoseptispora,Endocalyx,Neocatenulostroma,Neodeightonia,Paraconiothyrium,Peroneutypa,Phaeoacremonium and Vanakripa.We discuss host-specificity in selected genera and compare the number of species epithets in each genus with the number of ITs(barcode)sequences deposited in GenBank and UNITE.We furthermore discuss the relationship between the divergence times of these genera with those of their hosts.We hypothesize whether there might be more species in these genera and discuss hosts and habitats that should be investigated for novel species discovery.

关键词： 12 new taxa Ascomycota Fungal diversity Fungal numbers High-throughput sequencing Host-specificity

Thailand’s amazing diversity:up to 96%of fungi in northern Thailand may be novel

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第6期93卷 215-239页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Chada Norphanphoun Jie Chen Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom sinang Hongsanan Ruvishika s.Jayawardena Rajesh Jeewon Rekhani H.Perera Benjarong Thongbai Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Komsit Wisitrassameewong saowaluck tibpromma Marc stadler Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Instituto de Ecologı́a A.C.CP 91070 XalapaVeracruzMexico World Agro Forestry Centre East and Central Asia132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Rai 50200Thailand shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering College of Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhenPeople’s Republic of China Department of Health sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduit 80837Mauritius National science Technology and Innovation Policy Office Bangkok 10330Thailand Department of Microbial Drugs and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF) partner site Hannover-BraunschweigHelmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany

Fungi have been often neglected,despite the fact that they provided penicillin,lovastatin and many other important medicines.They are an understudied,but essential,fascinating and biotechnologically useful group of organisms.The study of fungi in northern Thailand has been carried out by us since 2005.These studies have been diverse,ranging from ecological aspects,phylogenetics with the incorportation of molecular dating,taxonomy(including morphology and chemotaxonomy)among a myriad of microfungi,to growing novel mushrooms,and DNA-based identification of plant pathogens.In this paper,advances in understanding the biodiversity of fungi in the region are discussed and compared with those further afield.Many new species have been inventoried for the region,but many unknown species remain to be described and/or catalogued.For example,in the edible genus Agaricus,over 35 new species have been introduced from northern Thailand,and numerous other taxa await description.In this relatively well known genus,93%of species novelty is apparent.In the microfungi,which are relatively poorly studied,the percentage of novel species is,surprisingly,generally not as high(55–96%).As well as Thai fungi,fungi on several hosts from Europe have been also investigated.Even with the well studied European microfungi an astounding percentage of new taxa(32–76%)have been discovered.The work is just a beginning and it will be a daunting task to document this astonishingly high apparent novelty among fungi.

关键词： Agaricus Amanita Colletotrichum Cornus Fungal diversity Pandanaceae Rosaceae Rosa Teak fungi

Appressorial interactions with host and their evolution

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Fungal Diversity 2021年第5期110卷 75-107页

作者： K.W.Thilini Chethana Ruvishika s.Jayawardena Yi-Jyun Chen sirinapa Konta saowaluck tibpromma Chayanard Phukhamsakda Pranami D.Abeywickrama Milan C.samarakoon Chanokned senwanna Ausana Mapook Xia Tang Deecksha Gomdola Diana s.Marasinghe Oundhyalah D.Padaruth Abhaya Balasuriya Jianping Xu saisamorn Lumyong Kevin D.Hyde Innovative institute of plant health zhongkai university of agriculture and engineeringguangzhou 510225people’s republic of china center of excellence in fungal research mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand school of science mae fah luang universitychiang rai 57100thailand key laboratory for plant diversity and biogeography of east asia kunming institute of botanychinese academy of sciencekunming 650201yunnanpeople’s republic of china beijing key laboratory of environment-friendly management on fruit diseases and pests in north china institute of plant and environment protectionbeijing academy of agriculture and forestry sciencesbeijing 100097people’s republic of china department of biology faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand engineering and research center for southwest biopharmaceutical resource of national education ministry of china gui zhou universitygui yang 550025gui zhoupeople’s republic of china department of plant sciences faculty of agriculturerajarata university of sri lankaanuradhapurasri lanka department of biology mcmaster university1280 main street westhamiltonon l8s 4k1canada center of excellence in microbial diversity and sustainable utilization faculty of sciencechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand academy of science the royal society of thailandbangkok 10300thailand engineering research center of chinese ministry of education for edible and medicinal fungi jilin agricultural universitychangchun city 130118jilin provincepeople’s republic of china department of entomology and plant pathology faculty of agriculturechiang mai universitychiang mai 50200thailand center for mountain futures kunming institute of botanykunming 650201yunnanpeople’s republic of china

Fungi have evolved diverse strategies to acquire nutrients as endophytes,saprobes,symbionts,or pathogens.Appressoria have been intensively studied due to their importance in attaching and breaching the host surface.These specialized infection structures have evolved into various morpho-types:proto-appressoria,hyaline appressoria,melanized(dark)appressoria,and compound appressoria.In this review,we discuss the differences in the formation,differentiation,and function of appres-soria among fungi with diverse life strategies.Using DNA sequence information,LsU,5.8s,ssU and rpb2 gene fragments,we reconstructed the ancestral states for appressorial types in the main phyla of fungi and fungus-like organisms and found that the hyaline appressoria was the most ancestral form.Our analysis estimated proto-appressoria diversification during the Mesozoic period(92-239 million years ago),however,its origin remains inconclusive.Our data suggest that these hyaline appressoria diversified into melanized or compound appressoria,with evidence of adaptive radiation.

关键词： Ancestral characters Evolution Host-recognition Hyaline appressoria Infection process Melanized appressoria Proto-appressoria

Microfungi associated with Clematis(Ranunculaceae)with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第3期102卷 1-203页

作者： Chayanard Phukhamsakda Eric H.C.McKenzie Alan J.L.Phillips E.B.Gareth Jones D.Jayarama Bhat stadler Marc Chitrabhanu s.Bhunjun Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Benjarong Thongbai Erio Camporesi Damien Ertz Ruvishika s.Jayawardena Rekhani Hansika Perera Anusha H.Ekanayake saowaluck tibpromma Mingkwan Doilom Jianchu Xu Kevin D.Hyde Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand University of Lisbon Faculty of SciencesBiosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute(BioISI)Campo Grande1749‑016 LisbonPortugal Mushroom Research Foundation 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T.Pa PaeA.Mae TaengChiang Mai 50150Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand state Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China 33B st.Edwards Road southsea Hants Hampshire PO53DHUK Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese“Antonio Cicognani”Viale Roma 1847121 ForliItaly A.M.B Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.10125121 BresciaItaly societáper gli studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.14348012 BagnacavalloRAItaly No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.O.Goa Velha403108India Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization College of Biological Resource and Food EngineeringQujing Normal UniversityQujingYunnan 655011People’s Republic of China Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and German Centre for Infection Research(DZIF)partner site Hannover/BraunschweigInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Department of Research Meise Botanic Garden1860 MeiseBelgium Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyangGuizhou Province 550006People’s Repu

The cosmopolitan plant genus Clematis contains many climbing species that can be found worldwide.The genus occurs in the wild and is grown commercially for horticulture.Microfungi on Clematis were collected from Belgium,China,Italy,Thailand and the UK.They are characterized by morphology and analyses of gene sequence data using an integrated species concept to validate identifications.The study revealed two new families,12 new genera,50 new species,26 new host records with one dimorphic character report,and ten species are transferred to other genera.The new families revealed by multigene phylogeny are Longiostiolaceae and Pseudomassarinaceae in Pleosporales(Dothideomycetes).New genera are Anthodidymella(Didymellaceae),Anthosulcatispora and Parasulcatispora(sulcatisporaceae),Fusiformispora(Amniculicolaceae),Longispora(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Neobyssosphaeria(Melanommataceae),Neoleptosporella(Chaetosphaeriales,genera incertae sedis),Neostictis(stictidaceae),Pseudohelminthosporium(Neomassarinaceae),Pseudomassarina(Pseudomassarinaceae),sclerenchymomyces(Leptosphaeriaceae)and Xenoplectosphaerella(Plectosphaerellaceae).The newly described species are Alloleptosphaeria clematidis,Anthodidymella ranunculacearum,Anthosulcatispora subglobosa,Aquadictyospora clematidis,Brunneofusispora clematidis,Chaetosphaeronema clematidicola,C.clematidis,Chromolaenicola clematidis,Diaporthe clematidina,Dictyocheirospora clematidis,Distoseptispora clematidis,Floricola clematidis,Fusiformispora clematidis,Hermatomyces clematidis,Leptospora clematidis,Longispora clematidis,Massariosphaeria clematidis,Melomastia clematidis,M.fulvicomae,Neobyssosphaeria clematidis,Neoleptosporella clematidis,Neoroussoella clematidis,N.fulvicomae,Neostictis nigricans,Neovaginatispora clematidis,Parasulcatispora clematidis,Parathyridaria clematidis,P.serratifoliae,P.virginianae,Periconia verrucose,Phomatospora uniseriata,Pleopunctum clematidis,Pseudocapulatispora clematidis,Pseudocoleophoma clematidis,Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis,Pseudolophiostoma chiangraiens

关键词： 73 new taxa Ascomycota Belgium China Dothideomycetes Incertae sedis Italy Lecanoromycetes Phylogeny sordariomycetes Taxonomy Thailand UK

The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening?

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Fungal Diversity 2020年第4期103卷 219-271页

作者： Kevin D.Hyde Rajesh Jeewon Yi-Jyun Chen Chitrabhanu s.Bhunjun Mark s.Calabon Hong-Bo Jiang Chuan-Gen Lin Chada Norphanphoun Phongeun sysouphanthong Dhandevi Pem saowaluck tibpromma Qian Zhang Mingkwan Doilom Ruvishika s.Jayawardena Jian-Kui Liu sajeewa s.N.Maharachchikumbura Chayanard Phukhamsakda Rungtiwa Phookamsak Abdullah M.Al-sadi Naritsada Thongklang Yong Wang Yusufjon Gafforov E.B.Gareth Jones saisamorn Lumyong Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Innovative Institute of Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225People’s Republic of China CAs Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China school of science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Department of Health sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Ecology Division Biotechnology and Ecology InstituteMinistry of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box:2279VientianeLao PDR Honghe Innovation Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Plant Pathology College of AgricultureGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China school of Life science and Technology University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Research Center of Microbial Diversity and sustainable Utilization Faculty of SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Crop sciences College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityP.O.Box 34Al khoud123 MuscatOman Laboratory of Mycology Institute of BotanyAcademy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan32 Durmon Yuli StreetTashkent 100125Uzbekistan Department of Ecology Andijan State University129 Universitet StreetAndijan 170100Uzbekistan Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O Box 2455Riyadh 11451Kingdom of Saudi A

The recent realistic estimate of fungal numbers which used various algorithms was between 2.2 and 3.8 million.There are nearly 100,000 accepted species of Fungi and fungus-like taxa,which is between 2.6 and 4.5%of the estimated species.several forums such as Botanica Marina series,Fungal Diversity notes,Fungal Biodiversity Profiles,Fungal systematics and Evolution-New and Interesting Fungi,Mycosphere notes and Fungal Planet have enhanced the introduction of new taxa and nearly 2000 species have been introduced in these publications in the last decade.The need to define a fungal species more accurately has been recognized,but there is much research needed before this can be better clarified.We address the evidence that is needed to estimate the numbers of fungi and address the various advances that have been made towards its understanding.some genera are barely known,whereas some plant pathogens comprise numerous species complexes and numbers are steadily increasing.In this paper,we examine ten genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal description and introduce new species in each genus.The genera are the ascomycetes Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis(with many species or complexes),Atrocalyx,Dothiora,Lignosphaeria,Okeanomyces,Rhamphoriopsis,Thozetella,Thyrostroma(rela-tively poorly studied genera)and the basidiomycete genus Lepiota.We provide examples where knowledge is incomplete or lacking and suggest areas needing further research.These include(1)the need to establish what is a species,(2)the need to establish how host-specific fungi are,not in highly disturbed urban areas,but in pristine or relatively undisturbed forests,and(3)the need to establish if species in different continents,islands,countries or regions are different,or if the same fungi occur worldwide?Finally,we conclude whether we are anywhere near to flattening the curve in new species description.

关键词： 11 new taxa Atrocalyx Colletotrichum Dothiora fungal numbers Host-specificity Lepiota Lignosphaeria Okeanomyces Pestalotiopsis Rhamphoriopsis Thozetella Thyrostroma

Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Graphostromataceae,Hypoxylaceae,Lopadostomataceae and Xylariaceae

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第1期88卷 1-165页

作者： Dinushani A.Daranagama Kevin D.Hyde Esteban B.sir Kasun M.Thambugala Qing Tian Milan C.samarakoon Eric H.C.McKenzie subashini C.Jayasiri saowaluck tibpromma Jayarama D.Bhat XingZhong Liu Marc stadler state Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo.31st West Beichen RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China Department of Microbial Drugs Helmholtz-Zentrum fu¨r Infektionsforschung GmbHInhoffenstrasse 738124 BrunswickGermany Fundacion Miguel Lillo CONICETInstitute of MycologyMiguel Lillo 2514000 San Miguel de TucumanTucumanArgentina Department of Botany Goa UniversityGoa 403206India Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research Private Bag 92170AucklandNew Zealand

species and generic recognition in the order Xylariales has been uncertain due to lack of molecular data from authentic cultures,as well as overlapping morphological characteristics.In this study,we revise the families Graphostromataceae,Hypoxylaceae,Lopadostomataceae and Xylariaceae in Xylariales.Our study is based on DNA sequence data derived from living cultures of fresh isolates,data from GenBank and morphological observation of type and worldwide herbarium specimens.We also collected new specimens from Germany,Italy and ***bined analyses of ITs,LsU,RPB2 and b-tubulin sequence data were used to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of the above families.Generic and familiar boundaries between these families are revised and presented in an updated combined phylogenetic tree.We accept six genera in Graphostromataceae,19 genera in Hypoxylaceae,four in Lopadostomataceae and 37 genera in Xylariaceae.Five genera previously treated in Xylariaceae are placed in Amphisphaeriales genera incertae sedis and seven genera are placed in Xylariales genera incertae sedis.Two genera are placed in sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis,while four genera are placed as Xylariomycetidae genera incertae sedis.Three genera are considered as doubtful.Barrmaelia and Cannonia,presently included in Xylariaceae are transferred to Diatrypaceae and Coniochaetales respectively,based on their morphology and phylogeny.Areolospora and Myconeesia are excluded from Xylariaceae and synonymized with Phaeosporis and Anthostomella respectively.Updated descriptions and illustrations are provided for all taxa with notes provided on each genus.Excluded and doubtful genera are listed with notes on their taxonomy and phylogeny.Taxonomic keys are provided for all revised families with morphological details for genera within the families.

关键词： Classification Genera Phylogeny Xylariomycetidae