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Estimation of regional physical imports and exports of EW-MFA in China using monetary input-output tables

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第2期7卷 242-254页

作者： Nan LI tianzhu zhang School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Given the statistical gaps in material flow among provinces in China, a method was introduced to estimate regional physical imports and exports （RPIE）, which includes international and interregional imports/ exports. This method uses provincial monetary input- output tables （MIOT） and international trade statistics. A coefficient matrix representing correlations between monetary value and physical mass for years 2000-2009 was obtained based on a detailed commodity classification and 22 material production sectors in MIOT. With the coefficient matrix as reference, RPIE was measured. Pilot calculation of both regional physical trade balance and domestic material consumption, as well as a brief analysis of these methods, were conducted using 2002 data.

关键词： economy-wide material flow accounts (EW-MFA) monetary input-output table (M1OT) regionalphysical imports and exports estimation

Assessing the potential of crop residue recycling in China and technology options based on a bottom-up model

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2014年第4期8卷 570-579页

作者： Lili QU tianzhu zhang Wei LU Institute of Environmental Management and Policy School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Crop residues are an important biomass, and are significant in the sustainable development of China. This paper uses the Grey-Markov modeling approach, the cost-benefit analysis method, and the constraint optimiza- tion method to establish the potential of crop residue recycling in China （CRRC） using a bottom-up analysis. Taking 2010 as the baseline year, the CRRC model is used to determine the quantity trends of crop residue resources, simulating the recycling potential and selecting key crop residue recycling technologies for operation between 2010 and 2030. The results illustrate that the total residue output from different crops will gradually increase to 1062 million tons in 2030. The proportion of crop residue for field burning is expected to decrease as a result of guidance and support from the government. Market mechanisms are also improving the development of the crop residue recycling industry. The economic benefit of crop residue recycling is expected to be worth 132 billion CNY in 2030 according to technology structure options. Key crop residue recycling technologies preferred such as liquefaction, amination, silo, co-firing straw power and composting will account for more than 85% of the total benefits.

关键词： China crop residue recycling potential technology options

Clustering economic sectors in China on a life cycle basis to achieve environmental sustainability

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第1期7卷 97-108页

作者： Sai LIANG tianzhu zhang Xiaoping JIA School of Environment State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China School of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science & Technology Qingdao 266042 China

To improve material efficiency, industrial structure optimization becomes a focal point in Chinese industrial and environmental policies. It is crucial to cluster economic sectors and determine their priority for industrial and environmental policy implementation. Integrating a set of criteria, a hybrid input-output model and the hierarchical cluster analysis, this study clusters China’s economic sectors and determines their priority on a life cycle basis. China’s economic sectors are clustered into three clusters. Industrial structure changes (industrial policy) should encourage the development of sectors in cluster 1 and limit the development of sectors in cluster 2. Technology development and materials recycling (two environmental policies) should mainly focus on sectors in clusters 1 and 2. Future industrial policies in China should limit the development of two sectors named Manufacture of metal products and Extraction of petroleum and natural gas. Instead of limiting some industries by command-and-control, the best policy option is to remedy environmental standards and law enforcement. Enterprises belonging to the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of direct production impacts should be concerned to achieve enterprise sustainability. To achieve sustainable production chains, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of accumulative production impacts should be concerned. For sustainable consumption, the identified key sectors from the viewpoint of consumption impacts should be concerned to transform consumption styles. Most of environmental pressure can be alleviated not only by technical improvements and material recycling, but also by the development of economic sectors in cluster 1.

关键词： cluster analysis input-output model life cycle material flow analysis sustainable development

Post-evaluation of a water pollution control plan： methodology and case study

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015年第4期9卷 712-724页

作者： Lin ZENG Xin DONG Siyu ZENG tianzhu zhang Jing LI Jining CHEN School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

China has developed more than 20 water pollution control plans for river basins （RBWPs） since 1996. However, the implementation has generally lagged. This paper proposes a three-step, post-evaluation methodology to analyze the implementation result of a RBWP and its influential factors. First, a multi-attribute evaluation method based on an index system is established to score the enforcement results of a RBWP. Indicators measure how well a RBWP has achieved its objectives, which include water quality compliance, pollution load control, project construction, financial inputs, and related management requirements. Second, an interpretive structural model is used to detect the significant factors that affect RBWP implementation. This model can effectively analyze the cause-effect chain and hierarchical relationship among variables. Five groups of factors were identified, namely, plan preparation, water resource endowment, policy, institution, and management. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed in the third step to evaluate the extent to which these factors have influenced the execution result of a RBWP, including pre-post contrast, scenario analysis, and correlation analysis. This research then post-evaluated the implementation of the Huai River Basin water pollution control plans （H-RBWPs） over a period of 10 years as a case study. Results showed that the implementation of the H-RBWPs was unsatisfactory during 2001–2005, although it improved during 2006–2010. The poor execution of these plans was partially caused by the underestimation of regional economic development in combination with ineffective industrial structure adjustment policies. Therefore, this case study demonstrates the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed post-evaluation methodology.

关键词： river basin water pollution control plan postplan evaluation multi-attribute comprehensive evaluation,interpretive structural model combined qualitative/quantitative method

Clinical Manifestation and Laboratory Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2Infection in Pregnant Women

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第3期35卷 305-310页

作者： Chunchen Wu Wenzhong Yang Xiaoxue Wu tianzhu zhang Yaoyao Zhao Wei Ren Jianbo Xia Department of Laboratory Medicine Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China Department of Radiology Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China Department of Obstetrics Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) epidemic has become a major challenge to public health in China and other countries, considering its pathogenicity across all age groups. Pregnancy is a unique physiological condition, and is characterized by altered immunity and elevated hormone levels to actively tolerate the semiallogeneic fetus, which undergoes a sudden and substantial fluctuation during the immediate postpartum period. Changes in clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and imaging features of pregnant women during the pre-partum and postpartum periods require further elucidation. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and imaging features of eight pregnant cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the pre-partum and post-partum periods. Our results showed that four of the eight pregnant women were asymptomatic before delivery but became symptomatic post-partum. Correspondingly, white blood cell(WBC) counts increased and lymphocyte(LYMPH) counts decreased. C-reactive protein(CRP) levels in the serum also increased to a higher level than those in general ***, it is imperative to closely monitor laboratory parameters including the WBC count, LYMPH count, and CRP,along with other imaging features in chest CT scans, to promptly prevent, diagnose, and treat a SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Pregnant women Clinical manifestation Laboratory characteristics Immunity

Defects inducing anomalous exciton kinetics in monolayer WS_(2)

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 1616-1622页

作者： Zhe Li Yan Zeng Zhenwei Ou tianzhu zhang Rongguang Du Ke Wu Quanbing Guo Wei Jiang Yuhao Xu Tao Li Tai Min Ti Wang Hongxing Xu School of Physics and Technology Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnologyand Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro-and Nanostructures of Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Center for Spintronics and Quantum System State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringXian Jiaotong UniversityXian 710049China

Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)has emerged as an effective optoelectronics material due to its novel optical *** the role of defects in exciton kinetics is crucial for achieving high-efficiency TMD ***,we observe defects induced anomalous power dependence exciton dynamics and spatial distribution in hexagonal heterogeneous WS_(2).With transient absorption microscopy study,we illustrate that these phenomena originate from the competition between radiative and defect-related non-radiative *** understand the physics behind this,a decay model is introduced with two defect-related channels,which demonstrates that more excitons decay through non-radiative channels in the dark region than the bright *** work reveals the mechanisms of anomalous exciton kinetics by defects and is instrumental for understanding and exploiting excitonic states in emerging 2D semiconductors.

关键词： transition metal dichalcogenides defect exciton dynamics transient absorption microscopy

Effects of Cultivation Method on Seed Yield and Quality of Bitter Gourd

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Asian Agricultural Research 2020年第1期12卷 53-57,61页

作者： tianzhu zhang Caixia LIU Zhiqiang MI Xueyuan zhang Beijing Zhongnongfutong Horticulture Co. Ltd.Beijing 100017China

This experiment was carried out to study the possibility of producing germinating seeds of bitter gourd(Momordica charamtia L.)in the climatic conditions of *** of Indian cultivar‘Nana’were sown in the greenhouse and produced transplants were planted on the *** plants were cultivated in the field in 2 ways:tied to the sticks or creeping on the *** the vegetation,the ripen fruits with seeds were collected 6 times,and after extracting,they were germinated in the laboratory following the routine ISTA *** best transplants of bitter gourd were received within one month from the seeds emerging 51.8%.The transplant of bitter gourd had average height of7 cm,3-4 leaves,out of which the biggest had the width of 5 *** transplants would grow into fruiting *** growing bitter gourd for seeds,the earliest fruits were harvested from the plants tied to the ***,the best seeds were harvested from 2/3 of early *** the purpose of seed production,it is recommended to keep only 3-4 fruits per plant and remove other *** produced seeds germinated from 8%to 24%.If the plants were tied to the sticks,their fruits ripened *** used production way and time of harvest of fruits had no effect on the seed *** cultivation methods of bitter gourd plants had no effect on the chemical components of fruits.

关键词： Bitter gourd Seeds Europe Cultivation method

Highly flexible Nyquist pulse generation based on multi-wavelength control

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Chinese Optics Letters 2020年第7期18卷 6-10页

作者： Bingjian zhang Kan Wu tianzhu zhang Siqi Liu Jianping Chen Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and NetworksDepartment of Electronic EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

By controlling the wavelength and power of multiple light sources, we have realized a highly flexible Nyquist pulse generation scheme, in which the pulse repetition frequency, pulse multiplication factor, waveform envelope shape, and duty cycle are all tunable. By modulating the 3.2 GHz RF signal, we experimentally generated Nyquist pulses with repetition rates of 6.4 GHz and 9.6 GHz, a rectangular wave with a duty cycle of 0.26,and a sawtooth wave with a duty cycle of 0.52.

关键词： optical frequency combs Nyquist pulse multi-wavelength

32×32 NbN SNSPD array based on thermally coupled row-column multiplexing architecture

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Superconductivity 2023年第3期7卷 46-52页

作者： tianzhu zhang You Xiao HuiQin Yu Jia Huang ChaoLin Lv LingDong Kong XiaoYu Liu Hao Li LiXing You Zhen Wang National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics 865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050China Photon Technology(Zhejiang)Co. Ltd.Jiaxing 314100ZhejiangChina

We report a superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector(SNSPD)array aiming for a near‐infrared 1550‐nm wavelength that consists of 32×32 nanowire pixels and an area of 0.96 mm×0.96 *** most reported large‐scale SNSPD arrays with amorphous films,NbN superconducting nanowires are employed in our array,which allows the detector operation at 2.3 K provided by a compact two‐stage Gifford–McMahon *** coupled row–column multiplexing is employed in our arrays to avoid current redistribution and loss of electrical signal occurring in the electrically coupled row–column *** fabricated detector array shows a pixel yield of 94%and maximal intrinsic efficiencies of 77%and 96%at 1550 nm and 405 nm,*** timing jitter and the thermal coupling probability are also investigated.

关键词： Superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector Array Thermally coupled row-column