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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 199-200页

作者： Srishti Chawla Mikael Molin thomas Nystrom Institute for Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyCentre for Ageing and Health-AgeCapUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Calcineurin(CN)is a calcium-and calmodulindependent serine/threonine that has been studied in many model organisms including yeast,filamentous fungi,plants,and *** biological functions range from ion homeostasis and virulence in lower eukaryotes to T-cell activation in humans by human nuclear factors of activated *** is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit,calcineurin A(Cna1p),which contains an active site with a dinuclear metal center,and a regulatory Ca^(2+) binding subunit called calcineurin B(Cnb1p)required to activate *** calcineurin B subunit has been highly conserved through evolution:For example,the mammalian calcineurin B shows 54%identity with calcineurin B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关键词： activation dinuclear conserved

Microglia:a promising therapeutic target in spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 454-463页

作者： Xiaowei Zha Guoli Zheng thomas Skutella karl kiening Andreas Unterberg Alexander Younsi Department of Neurosurgery Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany Department of Neuroanatomy Institute for Anatomy and Cell BiologyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Microglia are present throughout the central nervous system and are vital in neural repair,nutrition,phagocytosis,immunological regulation,and maintaining neuronal *** a healthy spinal cord,microglia are accountable for immune surveillance,however,when a spinal cord injury occurs,the microenvironment drastically changes,leading to glial scars and failed axonal *** this context,microglia vary their gene and protein expression during activation,and proliferation in reaction to the injury,influencing injury responses both favorably and unfavorably.A dynamic and multifaceted injury response is mediated by microglia,which interact directly with neurons,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,and neural stem/progenitor *** a clear understanding of their essential nature and origin,the mechanisms of action and new functions of microglia in spinal cord injury require extensive *** review summarizes current studies on microglial genesis,physiological function,and pathological state,highlights their crucial roles in spinal cord injury,and proposes microglia as a therapeutic target.

关键词： astrocytes cytokines functional recovery immune regulation M1/M2 activation macrophages microglia neuroinflammation spinal cord injury therapy

Sleep as a window to understand and regulate Alzheimer's disease:emerging roles of thalamic reticular nucleus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1711-1712页

作者： Haoqi Sun Shiqian Shen Robert J.thomas M.Brandon Westover Can Zhang Department of Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Center for Translational Pain Research Department of AnesthesiaCritical Care and Pain MedicineMassachusetis General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep MedicineDepartment of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA Genetics and Aging Research Unit McCance Center for Brain HealthMass General Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Introduction:Alzheimer 's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the primary cause of dementia. Considerable evidence supports the “amyloid hypothesis,” stating that the pathogenesis of AD is primarily caused by the deposition of amyloid-β(Aβ), which drives tau phosphorylation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration in the brain. The amyloid hypothesis is strengthened by the significant and moderate benefit of lecanemab, a humanized antibody through an anti-amyloid mechanism,showing slowed clinical decline(van Dyck et al.,2023). The recent positive results of anti-amyloid trials have brought back focus on the amyloid hypothesis through biochemical, genetic, and pharmacological approaches(Zhang, 2023).

关键词： Alzheimer inflammation hypothesis

CONTROLLING INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAkS： A DETERMINISTIC ALLOCATION-SCHEDULING MODEL WITH MULTIPLE DISCRETE RESOURCES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第2期26卷 219-239页

作者： Nikolaos Rachaniotis thomas k. Dasaklis Costas Pappis Department of Economics Democritus University of Thrace Komotini Greece Department of Industrial Management and Technology University of Piraeus Piraeus Greece

Infectious disease outbreaks occurred many times in the past and are more likely to happen in the future. In this paper the problem of allocating and scheduling limited multiple, identical or non-identical, resources employed in parallel, when there are several infected areas, is considered. A heuristic algorithm, based on Shih＇s （1974） and Pappis and Rachaniotis＇（2010） algorithms, is proposed as the solution methodology. A numerical example implementing the proposed methodology in the context of a specific disease outbreak, namely influenza, is presented. The proposed methodology could be of significant value to those drafting contingency plans and healthcare policy agendas.

关键词： Resource allocation healthcare management epidemics heuristics

Is artificial intelligence the final answer to missed polyps in colonoscopy?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第35期26卷 5248-5255页

作者： thomas k L Lui Wai k Leung Department of Medicine Queen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongChina

Lesions missed by colonoscopy are one of the main reasons for post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer,which is usually associated with a worse *** the adenoma miss rate could be as high as 26%,it has been noted that endoscopists with higher adenoma detection rates are usually associated with lower adenoma miss *** intelligence(AI),particularly the deep learning model,is a promising innovation in *** studies have shown that AI is not only accurate in colorectal polyp detection but can also reduce the miss ***,the application of AI in real-time detection has been hindered by heterogeneity of the AI models and study design as well as a lack of long-term ***,we discussed the principle of various AI models and systematically reviewed the current data on the use of AI on colorectal polyp detection and miss *** limitations and future prospects of AI on colorectal polyp detection are also discussed.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Adenoma Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Polyps

Litter production, decomposition and nutrient mineralization dynamics of Ochlandra setigera: A rare bamboo species of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第3期25卷 579-584页

作者： kuruvilla thomas C.M. Jijeesh k.k. Seethalakshmi SFM Division Kerala Forest Research Institute Dept of Silviculture & Agroforestry College of Forestry

Litter production, decomposition and nutrient release dynam-ics of Ochlandra setigera, a rare endemic bamboo species of Nilgiri biosphere were studied during 2011-2012 using the standard litter bag technique. Annual litter production was 1.981 t？ha-1 and was continuous throughout the year with monthly variations. Litterfall followed a tri-phasic pattern with two major peaks in November, 2011 and January, 2012 and a minor peak in July, 2011. The rate of decomposition in O. setigera was a good fit to the exponential decay model of Olson （1963）. Litter quality and climatic conditions of the study site （maximum tem-perature, monthly rainfall and relative humidity） influenced the rate of decomposition. Nutrient release from the decomposing litter mass was in rank order N=Mg＆gt;k=Ca＆gt;P. Nutrient release from litter was con-tinuous and it was in synchrony with growth of new culms. Study of litter dynamics is needed before introduction of a bamboo species into degraded or marginal lands or Agroforestry systems.

关键词： Ochlandra setigera litter fall litter decomposition nutrientrelease decomposition rate

LABEL-FREE 3D OPTICAL MICROANGIOGRAPHY IMAGING OF FUNCTIONAL VASA NERVORUM AND PERIPHERAL MICROVASCULAR TREE IN THE HIND LIMB OF DIABETIC MICE

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第4期3卷 307-313页

作者： YALI JIA thomas k.BAUMANN RUIkANG k.WANG Department of Biomedical Engineering Oregon Health&Science University 3303 SW Bond Avenue PortlandOregon 97239USA Departments of Neurological Surgery Physiology and Pharmacology Oregon Health&Science University 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road PortlandOregon 97239USA Department of Bioengineering University of Washington 372015th Ave NESeattleWashington 98195USA

Diabetic neuropathy(DN)is,at least in part,associated with the functional attenuation of vasa nervorum,the microvascular structure of peripheral *** imaging options for vasa nervorum still remain *** this work,optical microangiography(OMAG),a volumetric,label-free imaging technique,is utilized for characterizing,with high resolution,blood perfusion of peripheral nerve in diabetic *** demonstrate that OMAG is able to visualize the structure of microvasculature and to quantify the changes of dynamic blood flow and vessel diameters during administration of vessel stimulant in both diabetic and normal *** results indicate the potential of OMAG to assess the blood supply of nerve involved in the pathology and treatment of DN.

关键词： Vasa nervorum microcirculation peripheral nerve diabetes optical microangiography

Divergent DNA Methylation Patterns Associated with Abiotic Stress in Hevea brasiliensis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 996-1013页

作者： thomas k. Uthup Minimol Ravindran, k. Bini Saha Thakurdas Genome Analysis Lab Rubber Research Institute of India Rubber Board PO Kottayam Kerala 686009 India

Cytosine methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism for gene-expression regulation and development in plants. Here, we report for the first time the identification of DNA methylation patterns and their putative relationship with abiotic stress in the tree crop Hevea brasiliensis （source of 99% of natural rubber in the world）. Regulatory sequences of four major genes involved in the mevalonate pathway （rubber biosynthesis pathway） and one general defense-related gene of three high-yielding popular rubber clones grown at two different agroclimatic conditions were analyzed for the presence of methylation. We found several significant variations in the methylation pattern at core DNA binding motifs within all the five genes. Several consistent clone-specific and location-specific methylation patterns were identified. The differences in methylation pattern observed at certain pivotal cis-regulatory sites indicate the direct impact of stress on the genome and support the hypothesis of site-specific stress-induced DNA methylation. It is assumed that some of the methylation patterns observed may be involved in the stress-responsive mechanism in plants by which they adapt to extreme conditions. The study also provide clues towards the existence of highly divergent phenotypic characters among Hevea clones despite their very similar genetic make-up. Altogether, the observations from this study prove beyond doubt that there exist epigenetic variations in Hevea and environmental factors play a significant role in the induction of site-specific epigenetic mutations in its genome.

关键词： DNA methylation epigenetics abiotic stress rubber biosynthesis Hevea brasiliensis.

A histone tale that enCOMPASSes pausing:new insights into the functional repertoire of H3k4me3

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第8期8卷 3555-3557页

作者： thomas k.Albert kornelius kerl Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology University Children’s Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany

A recently published study in Nature provides compelling evidence for the involvement of the histone H3k4me3 modification in regulating RNA polymerase II(Pol II)pause-release and elongation.1 The expansion of the functional repertoire of this active chromatin mark and the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind it represents a major advance for the field,not least because the epigenetic factors involved are linked to a wide range of human *** term epigenetics derives from the Greek prefix“epi”and describes an inheritable regulatory state that manifests itself beyond the mere genetic information encoded in the DNA.

关键词： involvement functional insight

Assessment of soil erosion in a tropical mountain river basin of the southern Western Ghats,India using RUSLE and GIS

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 893-906页

作者： Jobin thomas Sabu Joseph k.P.Thrivikramji EWRE Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036Tamil NaduIndia Department of Environmental Sciences University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram695581KeralaIndia Center for Environment and Development Thiruvananthapuram695013KeralaIndia

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) model coupled with transport limited sediment delivery(TLSD) function was used to predict the longtime average annual soil loss, and to identify the critical erosion-/deposition-prone areas in a tropical mountain river basin, viz., Muthirapuzha River Basin(MRB; area=271.75 km^2), in the southern Western Ghats, India. Mean gross soil erosion in MRB is 14.36 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1), whereas mean net soil erosion(i.e., gross erosion-deposition) is only 3.60 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1)(i.e., roughly 25% of the gross erosion). Majority of the basin area(~86%) experiences only slight erosion(<5 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1)), and nearly 3% of the area functions as depositional environment for the eroded sediments(e.g., the terraces of stream reaches, the gentle plains as well as the foot slopes of the plateau scarps and the terrain with concordant summits). Although mean gross soil erosion rates in the natural vegetation belts are relatively higher, compared to agriculture, settlement/built-up areas and tea plantation, the sediment transport efficiency in agricultural areas and tea plantation is significantly high,reflecting the role of human activities on accelerated soil erosion. In MRB, on a mean basis, 0.42 t of soil organic carbon(SOC) content is being eroded per hectare annually, and SOC loss from the 4th order subbasins shows considerable differences, mainly due to the spatial variability in the gross soil erosion rates among the sub-basins. The quantitative results, on soil erosion and deposition, modelled using RUSLE and TLSD, are expected to be beneficial while formulating comprehensive land management strategies for reducing the extent of soil degradation in tropical mountain river basins.

关键词： Soil erosion RUSLE Transport limited sediment delivery Muthirapuzha river basin Western Ghats kerala