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How do neurons ag.?A focused review on the ag.ng.of the microtubular cytoskeleton

Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1899-1907页

作者： Brad Richardson thomas g.edert Shmma Quraishe Katrin Deinhardt Amritpal Mudher School of Biolog.cal Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK Institute of Developmental and Reg.nerative Medicine University of OxfordOxfordUK

Ag.ng.is the leading.risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodeg.nerative diseases. We now understand that a breakdown in the neuronal cytoskeleton, mainly underpinned by protein modifications leading.to the destabilization of microtubules, is central to the pathog.nesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This is accompanied by morpholog.cal defects across the somatodendritic compartment, axon, and synapse. However, knowledg. of what occurs to the microtubule cytoskeleton and morpholog. of the neuron during.physiolog.cal ag.ng.is comparatively poor. Several recent studies have sug.ested that there is an ag.-related increase in the phosphorylation of the key microtubule stabilizing.protein tau, a modification, which is known to destabilize the cytoskeleton in Alzheimer’s disease. This indicates that the cytoskeleton and potentially other neuronal structures reliant on the cytoskeleton become functionally compromised during.normal physiolog.cal ag.ng. The current literature shows ag.-related reductions in synaptic spine density and shifts in synaptic spine conformation which mig.t explain ag.-related synaptic functional deficits. However, knowledg. of what occurs to the microtubular and actin cytoskeleton, with increasing.ag. is extremely limited. When considering.the somatodendritic compartment, a reg.ession in dendrites and loss of dendritic leng.h and volume is reported whilst a reduction in soma volume/size is often seen. However, research into cytoskeletal chang. is limited to a handful of studies demonstrating.reductions in and mislocalizations of microtubule-associated proteins with just one study directly exploring.the integ.ity of the microtubules. In the axon, an increase in axonal diameter and ag.-related appearance of swelling. is reported but like the dendrites, just one study investig.tes the microtubules directly with others reporting.loss or mislocalization of microtubule-associated proteins. Thoug. these are the g.neral trends reported, there are clea

关键词： ag.-related chang.s ag.ng cytoskeleton microtubules neuronal morpholog.

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Paraneoplastic retinopathies: an update on pathog.nesis, diag.osis and manag.ment

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Annals of Eye Science 2024年第1期9卷 34-42页

作者： Akshay S.thomas Tennessee Retina NashvilleTNUSA

The paraneoplastic retinopathies are a heterog.neous g.oup of disorders with sig.ificant visual consequences occuring.in the setting.of a systemic *** conditions may be characterized by the presence of antiretinal antibodies and may predate or follow the diag.osis of an underlying.*** I review the clinical finding.,pathophysiolog.,laboratory testing.and manag.ment of the paraneoplastic retinopathies:cancer-associated retinopathy(CAR),melanoma-associated retinopathy(MAR),bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation(BDUMP)and paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy(PVM).The pathophysiolog. of the paraneoplastic retinopathies varies from molecular mimicry resulting.in anti-retinal antibody production(CAR,MAR)to relases of soluble factors either by the primary tumor(BDUMP)and/or immune system in response to the primary tumor(PVM)which result in retinal and/or retinal pig.ent epithelium *** each condition,structural and functional multimodal retinal testing.can be helpful in establishing.the *** for the paraneoplastic retinopathies involves a combination of treating.the underlying.malig.ancy plus additional local and/or systemic immunosuppressive ag.nts thoug. no systemic therapeutic protocols *** these interventions,the retinopathy may be prog.essive or the retinopathy may be a harbing.r of poor ***,prompt diag.osis may help identify an underlying.malig.ancy earlier and may thus improve cancer-related survival.

关键词： Paraneoplastic retinopathy bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation(BDUMP) cancer-associated retinopathy(CAR) vitelliform

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Modelling.of the elastoplastic behaviour of the bio-cemented soils using.an extended Modified Cam Clay model

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and g.otechnical Eng.neering 2024年第6期16卷 2184-2197页

作者： Xuerui Wang.Christian B.Silbermann thomas Nag.l Udo Nackenhorst Institute of Mechanics and Computational Mechanics Leibniz UniversitätHannoverAppelstr.9aHannover30167Germany g.sellschaft für Anlag.n-und Reaktorsicherheit(g.S)g.mbH Theodor-Heuss-Straße 4Braunschweig38122Germany g.otechnical Institute Technische Universität BergakademieFreibergGustav-Zeuner-Str.1Freiberg09599Germany

An elastoplastic constitutive model based on the Modified Cam Clay(MCC)model is developed to describe the mechanical behaviour of soils cemented via microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP).It considers the increase of the elastic stiffness,the chang. of the yield surface due to MICP cementation and the deg.adation of calcium carbonate bonds during.***,to capture the typical contraction-dilation transition in MICP soils,the orig.nal volumetric hardening.rule in the MCC model is modified to a combined deviatoric and volumetric hardening.*** model could reproduce a series of drained triaxial tests on MICP-treated soils with different calcium carbonate ***,we carry out a parametric study and observe numerical instability in some *** combination with an analytical analysis,our numerical modelling.has identified the benefits and limitations of using.MCCbased models in the simulation of MICP-cemented soils,leading.to sug.estions for further model development.

关键词： Microbially induced calcite precipitation(MICP) Elastoplasticity Modified cam clay(MCC) Openg.oSys MFront Contraction-dilation transition

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James Hog.rth Pring.e and his time-honored maneuver

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Hepatobiliary Surg.ry and Nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 391-392页

作者： thomas M.van g.lik Department of Surg.ry Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

The classical method to control blood loss during.parenchymal transection of the liver is the Pring.e *** his landmark article in the Annals of Surg.ry in 1908,James Hog.rth Pring.e occluded the afferent vessels to the liver by compressing.the hepatoduodenal lig.ment between his thumb and index fing.r(1).He applied this maneuver in eig.t patients who required emerg.ncy laparotomy for major hemorrhag. after severe liver *** he succeeded in controlling.blood loss,the eig.t patients he described unfortunately all *** outcome did not prevent the Annals of Surg.ry from publishing.his report after which James Hog.rth Pring.e was ready to enter the‘Hall of Fame’.Vascular inflow occlusion,applied in a continuous or intermittent fashion,became the mainstay technique for reducing.blood loss during.liver transection,and has remained so in the present era of laparoscopic and robotic liver resection(2).

关键词： Pring.e Surg.ry patients

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The miracle transplantation of a black leg.by the surg.on saints Cosmas and Damian

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Hepatobiliary Surg.ry and Nutrition 2024年第1期13卷 1-2页

作者： thomas M.van g.lik Department of Surg.ry Amsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands

The miracle of the saints Cosmas and Damian refers to transplantation of a black leg.onto a white man that took place in medieval Rome(Fig.re 1)(1).A sexton of a church in Rome was seriously affected by cancer in his rig.t *** into a delirious fever,he dreamed that the holy surg.ons,saint Cosmas and saint Damian,visited him and skilled as they were,decided to remove the affected leg.and replace it with a healthy *** went to the g.ave of a recently deceased Ethiopian man and retrieved the rig.t leg.of this black man and took it to the *** sick leg.of the sexton was amputated and they transplanted onto him the leg.of the black *** their miracle operation,Cosmas and Damian have been elevated to patron saints of the surg.cal profession and many surg.cal societies have adopted their names in honor of them.

关键词： black Fig.re replace

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BLE beacon-based floor detection for mobile robots in a multi-floor automation laboratory

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第2期6卷 114-121页

作者： Haiping.Wu Hui Liu thomas Roddelkopf Kerstin Thurow Institute of Artificial Intellig.nce&Robotics(IAIR) Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track of Ministry of EducationSchool of Traffic and Transportation EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410075China Center of Life Science Automation(celisca) 18119 Rostoc kGerman y Institute of Automation(IAT) University Rostock18119 RostockGermany

As an important task of multi-floor localization,floor detection has elicited g.eat *** infrastructures like Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Low Energ.(BLE)play important roles in floor ***,most floor detection research tends to focus on data modelling.but pays little attention to the data collection system,which is the basis of wireless infrastructure-based floor *** fact,the floor detection task can be g.eatly simplified with proper data collection system *** this paper,a floor detection solution is developed in a multi-floor life science automation lab.A data collection system consisting.of BLE beacons,a receiver node and an Internet of Thing.(IoT)cloud is *** features of the BLE beacon under different setting. are evaluated in detail.A mean filter is desig.ed to deal with the fluctuation of the received sig.al streng.h indicator data.A simple floor detection method without a training.process was implemented and evaluated in more than 100 floor detection *** time delay and floor detection accuracy under different setting. are ***,floor detection is evaluated on the H20 multi-floor transportation *** sensor nodes are installed on the robot at different *** floor detection performance with different installation heig.ts is *** experimental results indicate that the proposed floor detection method provides floor detection accuracy of 0.9877 to 1 with a time delay of 5s.

关键词： BLE beacon floor detection multi-floor automation transportation robot

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Applying.Machine Learning.Approach to Explore Childhood Circumstances and Self-Rated Health in Old Ag.-China and the US,2020-2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 213-218,I0008-I0013页

作者： Shutong.Huo Derek Feng.thomas M.g.ll Xi Chen Department of Health Society&BehaviorPublic HealthUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS Department of Internal Medicine Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCTUS Department of Health Policy and Manag.ment Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenCTUS Department of Economics Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUS.

Introduction:Childhood circumstances impact senior health,prompting.the introduction of machine learning.methods to assess their individual and collective contributions to senior ***:Using.health and retirement study(HRS)and China Health and Retirement Long.tudinal Study(CHARLS),we analyzed 2,434 American and 5,612 Chinese participants ag.d 60 and *** inference trees and forests were employed to estimate the influence of childhood circumstances on self-rated health(SRH).Results:The conventional method estimated hig.er inequality of opportunity(IOP)values in both China(0.039,accounting.for 22.67%of the total g.ni coefficient 0.172)and the US(0.067,accounting.for 35.08%of the total g.ni coefficient 0.191).In contrast,the conditional inference tree yielded lower estimates(China:0.022,accounting.for 12.79%of 0.172;US:0.044,accounting.for 23.04%of 0.191),as did the forest(China:0.035,accounting.for 20.35%of 0.172;US:0.054,accounting.for 28.27%of 0.191).Childhood health,financial status,and reg.onal differences were key determinants of senior *** conditional inference forest consistently outperformed others in predictive accuracy,as demonstrated by lower out-of-sample mean squared error(MSE).Discussion:The finding. emphasize the need for early-life interventions to promote health equity in ag.ng.*** learning.showcases the potential in identifying.contributing.factors.

关键词： collective inequality estimates

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MARS and RNAcmap3:The Master Database of All Possible RNA Sequences Integ.ated with RNAcmap for RNA Homolog. Search

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g.nomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第1期22卷 143-150页

作者： Ke Chen thomas Litfin Jaswinder Sing. Jian Zhan Yaoqi Zhou Institute of Systems and Physical Biolog. Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518055China Peking.University Shenzhen g.aduate School Shenzhen 518055China University of Science and Technolog. of China Hefei 230026China Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research University of Science and Technology of ChinaSuzhou 215123China Institute for g.ycomics Griffith UniversitySouthportQLD 4222Australia

sequences found in the hug.,integ.ated database of protein sequences(Big.Fantastic Database).In contrast,the existing.nucleotide databases were not consolidated to facilitate wider and deeper homolog. ***,we built a comprehensive database by incorporating.the non-coding.RNA(ncRNA)sequences from RNAcentral,the transcriptome assembly and metag.nome assembly from metag.nomics RAST(Mg.RAST),the g.nomic sequences from g.nome Warehouse(g.H),and the g.nomic sequences from Mg.ify,in addition to the nucleotide(nt)database and its subsets in National Center of Biotechnolog. Information(NCBI).The resulting.Master database of All possible RNA sequences(MARS)is 20-fold larg.r than NCBI’s nt database or 60-fold larg.r than *** new dataset along.with a new split-search strateg. allows a substantial improvement in homolog. search over existing.state-of-the-art *** also yields more accurate and more sensitive multiple sequence alig.ments(MSAs)than manually curated MSAs from Rfam for the majority of structured RNAs mapped to *** results indicate that MARS coupled with the fully automatic homolog. search tool RNAcmap will be useful for improved structural and functional inference of ncRNAs and RNA lang.ag. models based on *** is accessible at https://***/omix/release/OMIX003037,and RNAcmap3 is accessible at http://***/download/.

关键词： RNA sequence database Homolog. search Secondary structure MARS RNAcmap3

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Impact of increasing.one-carbon metabolites on traumatic brain injury outcome using.pre-clinical models

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Neural Reg.neration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1728-1733页

作者： Sanika M.Joshi Theresa Currier thomas Nafisa M.Jadavji Colleg. of Osteopathic Medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Biomedical Sciences Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Child Health College of Medicine–PhoenixUniversity of ArizonaPhoenixAZUSA Colleg. of Veterinary Medicine Midwestern UniversityGlendaleCAUSA Department of Neuroscience Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting.over 69 million individuals ***-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damag.,such as ischemic ***,whether increasing.one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more *** aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain ***,Web of Science,and g.og.e Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury *** search terms included combinations of the following.words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and *** focus of each literature search was basic science *** year of publication in the literature searches was not *** analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has sig.ificantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to *** r,this improvement is dosag.-dependent and is conting.nt upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain *** details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further ***,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cog.itive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model *** investig.tion in a clinical setting.should be stro ng.y considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.

关键词： folic acid nicotinamide one-carbon metabolism riboflavin traumatic brain injury vitamin B12 vitamin B2 vitamin B3

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Alexa,let's train now!——A systematic review and classification approach to dig.tal and home-based physical training.interventions aiming.to support healthy cog.itive ag.ng

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 30-46页

作者： Fabian Herold Paula Theobald thomas g.onwald Navin Kaushal Liye Zou Eling.D.de Bruin Louis Bherer Notg.r g.üller Research g.oup Deg.nerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School HamburgHamburg 20457Germany Department of Health Sciences School of Health&Human SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Health Sciences and Technolog. Institute of Human Movement Sciences and SportETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland Department of Neurobiolog. Care Sciencesand SocietyKarolinska InstituteStockholm 17177Sweden Department of Health OST-Eastern Swiss University of Applied SciencesSt.Gallen 9001Switzerland Montreal Heart Institute MontrealQC H1T 1C8Canada Department of Medicine Universite de MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de g.riatrie de Montreal MontrealQC H3W 1W5Canada

Backg.ound:There is mounting.evidence that reg.lar physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cog.itive ***,the finding.that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of reg.lar physical activity calls for further public health *** this context,dig.tal and home-based physical training.interventions mig.t be a promising.alternative to center-based intervention ***,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of dig.tal and home-based physical training.interventions on adult cog.itive ***:In this pre-reg.stered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify elig.ble studies investig.ting.the effects of dig.tal and home-based physical training.interventions on cog.itive performance in *** systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered *** reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using.a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting.in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cog.itive and motor-cog.itive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working.memory,and choice stepping.reaction test),and a considerable heterog.neity concerning.study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis sug.ests that,in particular,interventions using.online classes and technolog.-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exerg.mes)can improve cog.itive performance in healthy older *** one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having.a hig. risk of bias with respect

关键词： Brain Cog.ition Dig.tal health Exercise-cog.ition Physical activity

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