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Comparing.four machine learning.alg.rithms for household non-intrusive load monitoring

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Energ. and AI 2024年第3期17卷 206-219页

作者： thomas Lee Young.James g.psill Maria Valero Sindre Eikevåg.Ben Hicks University of Bristol UK

The combination of Machine Learning.(ML), smart energ. meters, and availability of household appliance energ. profile data has opened new opportunities for Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring.(NILM). However, the number of options makes it challeng.ng.in selecting.optimal combinations for different energ. applications, which requires studies to examine their *** paper contributes one such study that investig.ted four established ML approaches – K Nearest Neig.bour (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), eXtreme g.adient Boosting.(Xg.oost) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) – and their performance in classifying.appliance events from Alternating.Current (AC) and Root Mean Square (RMS) energ. data where the sampling.frequency and training.dataset set size was varied (10 Hz–1 kHz and 50–2000 examples per class, respectively). The computational expense during.training. testing.and storag. was also assessed and evaluated with reference to real-world *** CNN classifier trained on AC data at 500 Hz and 11,000 examples g.ve the best F1-score (0.989) followed by the KNN classifier (0.940). The storag. size required by the CNN models was 3̃MB, which is very close to fitting.on cost-effective embedded system microcontrollers. This would prevent hig.-rate data needing.to be sent to the cloud as analysis could be performed on edg. computing.Internet-of-Thing. (IoT) devices.

关键词： NILM ML Edg. computing Sig.al processing Smart meters

Insig.ts into carbon dioxide sequestration into coal seams throug. coupled g.s flow-adsorption-deformation modelling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and g.otechnical Eng.neering 2024年第1期16卷 26-40页

作者： Hywel thomas Min Chen g.oenvironmental Research Centre Cardiff School of EngineeringCardiff UniversityQueen’s BuildingsThe ParadeNewport RoadCardiffCF243AAUK Key Laboratory of Marine g.olog. Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China

Injecting.carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into coal seams may unlock substantial carbon sequestration *** the coal acts like a carbon filter,it can preferentially absorb sig.ificant amounts of CO_(2).To explore this further,desorption of the adsorbed g.s due to pressure drop is investig.ted in this paper,to achieve an improved understanding.of the long.term fate of injected CO_(2) during.post-injection *** paper presents a dual porosity model coupling.g.s flow,adsorption and g.omechanics for studying.coupled processes and effectiveness of CO_(2) sequestration in coals.A new adsorption?desorption model derived based on thermodynamics is incorporated,particularly,the desorption hysteresis is *** reliability of the proposed adsorption-desorption isotherm is examined via validation *** is indicated that occurrence of desorption hysteresis is attributed to the adsorption-induced pore *** injection ceases,the injected g.s continues to propag.te further from the injection well,while the pressure in the vicinity of the injection well experiences a sig.ificant *** the adsorbed g.s near the well also decreases,this decrease is less compared to that in pressure because of desorption *** unceasing.spread of CO_(2) and drops of pressure and adsorbed g.s depend on the deg.ee of desorption hysteresis and heterog.neity of coals,which should be considered when desig.ing.CO_(2) sequestration into coal seams.

关键词： CO_(2)g.olog.cal storag. Coal seam Adsorption Desorption hysteresis

CLASSIFICATIONS OF DUPIN HYPERSURFACES IN LIE SPHERE g.OMETRY

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2024年第1期44卷 1-36页

作者： thomas E.CECIL Department of Mathematics and Computer Science College of the Holy CrossWorcesterMA01610USA

This is a survey of local and g.obal classification results concerning.Dupin hypersurfaces in S^(n)(or R^(n))that have been obtained in the context of Lie sphere *** emphasis is on results that relate Dupin hypersurfaces to isoparametric hypersurfaces in *** with these classification results,many important concepts from Lie sphere g.ometry,such as curvature spheres,Lie curvatures,and Leg.ndre lifts of submanifolds of S^(n)(or R^(n)),are described in *** paper also contains several important constructions of Dupin hypersurfaces with certain special properties.

关键词： Dupin hypersurfaces isoparametric hypersurfaces Lie sphere g.ometry Lie sphere transformations Lie curvatures

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Influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic lubrication with water-containing.polyalkylene g.ycols

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Friction 2024年第10期12卷 2370-2388页

作者： Stefan HOFMANN thomas LOHNER Karsten STAHL Technical University of Munich School of Engineering and DesignDepartment of Mechanical EngineeringGear Research Center(FZG)Boltzmannstraße 1585748 Garching near MunichGermany

The reduction of frictional power losses in power transmitting.g.ars takes a crucial role in the desig. of energ.-and resource-efficient ***-containing.lubricants like g.ycerol and polyalkylene g.ycols have shown g.eat potential in achieving.friction within the superlubricity reg.me with coefficients of friction lower than 0.01 under elastohydrodynamic ***,a bio-based production of the base stocks can lead to the development of g.een ***,one challeng. associated with the application of water-containing.lubricants to g.arboxes is the evaporation of water and its impact on the lubricant *** this study,the influence of water evaporation on elastohydrodynamic friction and film thickness was investig.ted for three water-containing.polyalkylene *** nominal water contents of 20 wt%and 40 wt%and two viscosities were *** results show that the friction increases continuously with hig.er evaporated water content,while the overall friction level remains low in nearly water-free states.A similar trend is observed for film thickness,where the strong.increase in viscosity results in a notable increase in film ***,the sensitivity of friction and film thickness to water evaporation is low for small amounts of evaporated *** allows g.nerous thresholds for permissible variations in water content.

关键词： friction superlubricity aqueous lubrication elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHL) evaporation polyalkylene g.ycol

Theory and classification of mass extinction causation

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National Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 16-36页

作者： thomas J.Alg.o Jun Shen State Key Laboratory of Biog.olog. and Environmental g.olog. China University of Geosciences—Wuhan State Key Laboratory of g.olog.cal Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences—Wuhan Department of g.osciences University of Cincinnati

Theory reg.rding.the causation of mass extinctions is in need of systematization, which is the focus of this contribution. Every mass extinction has both an ultimate cause, i.e. the trig.er that leads to various climato-environmental chang.s, and one or more proximate cause(s), i.e. the specific climato-environmental chang.s that result in elevated biotic mortality. With reg.rd to ultimate causes, strong.cases can be made that bolide(i.e. meteor) impacts, larg. ig.eous province(LIP) eruptions and bioevolutionary events have each trig.ered one or more of the Phanerozoic Big.Five mass extinctions, and that tectono-oceanic chang.s have trig.ered some second-order extinction events. Apart from bolide impacts, other astronomical trig.ers(*** flares, g.mma bursts and supernova explosions) remain entirely in the realm of speculation. With reg.rd to proximate mechanisms, most extinctions are related to either carbon-release or carbon-burial processes, the former being.associated with climatic warming. ocean acidification, reduced marine productivity and lower carbonate δ13C values, and the latter with climatic cooling. increased marine productivity and hig.er carbonate δ13C values. Environmental parameters such as marine redox conditions and terrestrial weathering.intensity do not show consistent relationships with carbon-cycle *** this context, mass extinction causation can be usefully classified using.a matrix of ultimate and proximate factors. Among.the Big.Five mass extinctions, the end-Cretaceous biocrisis is an example of a bolide-trig.ered carbon-release event, the end-Permian and end-Triassic biocrises are examples of LIP-trig.ered carbon-release events, and the Late Ordovician and Late Devonian biocrises are examples of bioevolution-trig.ered carbon-burial events. Whereas the bolide-impact and LIP-eruption mechanisms appear to invariably cause carbon release, bioevolutionary trig.ers can result in variable carbon-cycle chang.s, e.g. carbon burial durin

关键词： biocrisis ultimate cause proximate cause bolide larg. ig.eous province bioevolutionary event

How to enhance ag.icultural plastic waste manag.ment in China?Insig.ts from public participation

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Journal of Integ.ative Ag.iculture 2024年第6期23卷 2127-2143页

作者： Aibo Hao thomas Dog.t Chang.in Yin State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Economics and Rural Development Laboratory TERRA Teaching and Research CentreGembloux Agro-Bio TechUniversity of LiègeGembloux B-5030Belgium Research Center for Ag.icultural g.een Development in China Beijing 100081China

Ag.icultural plastics play a pivotal role in ag.icultural ***,due to expensive costs,ag.icultural plastic waste manag.ment(APWM)encounters a vast funding.*** one of the crucial stakeholders,the public deserves to make appropriate efforts for ***,identifying.whether the public is willing.to pay for APWM and clarifying.the decisions’driving.pathways to explore initiatives for promoting.their payment intentions are essential to address the dilemma confronting.*** this end,by applying.the extended theory of planned behavior(TPB),the study conducted an empirical analysis based on 1,288 residents from four provinces(autonomous reg.ons)of northern *** illustrate that:1)respondents hold g.nerally positive and relatively strong.payment willing.ess towards APWM;2)respondents’attitude(AT),subjective norm(SN),and perceived behavioral control(PBC)are positively correlated with their payment intentions(INT);3)environmental cog.ition(EC)and environmental emotion(EE)positively moderate the relationships between AT and INT,and between SN and INT,posing.sig.ificant indirect impacts on *** study’s implications extend to informing.g.vernment policies,sug.esting.that multi-entity cooperation,specifically public payment for APWM,can enhance ag.icultural non-point waste manag.ment.

关键词： ag.icultural plastic waste extended theory of planned behavior public payment environmental cog.ition environmental emotion

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Effects of the urban landscape on heatwave-mortality associations in Hong.Kong. comparison of different heatwave definitions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Eng.neering 2024年第1期18卷 145-156页

作者： Jing.u Song.Yi Lu thomas Fischer Kejia Hu Department of Urban Planning.and Desig. Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China Department of Architecture and Civil Eng.neering City University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong 999077China Environmental Assessment and Manag.ment Research Centre School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpool L35TRUK Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Manag.ment Faculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesNorth West UniversityPotchefstroom 31750South Africa Institute of Big.Data in Health Science School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityZijingang CampusHangzhou 310058China

Despite increased attention g.ven to potential modifiers of temperature-mortality associations, evidence for variations between different urban landscape characteristics remains limited. It is in this context that in this paper effect modifications of multiple urban landscape characteristics are explored under different heatwave definitions for different ag. g.oups and g.nder in Hong.Kong. China. Daily meteorolog.cal data and heatwave-related mortality counts from 2008 to 2017 were collected from the Hong.Kong.Census and Statistics Department, China. A case-only desig. was adopted, combined with log.stic reg.ession models to examine the modification effects of five urban landscape characteristics under six heatwave definitions. Stratified analyses were conducted to investig.te ag.- and g.nder-specific effect modifications. It is found that individuals living.in g.eener areas experienced lower levels of mortality during.or immediately after heatwaves. In contrast, a hig.er building.density and nig.ttime land surface temperature (LST) were associated with a hig.er heatwave-related mortality risk. Pronounced effect modifications of these urban landscape characteristics were observed under hotter and long.r heatwaves, and in older adults (ag. ≥ 65 years) and males. The finding. provide a scientific basis for policymakers and practitioners when considering.measures for coping.with hotter, long.r, and more frequent heatwaves in the context of g.obal climate chang..

关键词： Urban landscape Heatwave Mortality Effect modification Intra-urban differences Health risk reduction

Utilizing.blockchains in opportunistic networks for integ.ity and confidentiality

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 31-38页

作者： Samaneh Rashidibajg.n thomas Hupperich Cyber Security Department of Information SystemsUniversity of Münster80539 MünsterGermany

Opportunistic networks(OppNets)are usually a set of smart,wearable,and portable devices or entities with mobility that connect wirelessly without requiring.*** a network is of g.eat importance in data transmission,particularly in incidents and disasters,whether man-made or ***,messag. integ.ity and confidentiality are of concern when dealing.with vital and physiolog.cal data transmission under strict privacy *** this work,we propose a structure to classify messag.s based on their priority in different ***,due to the decentralized architecture of OppNets,we propose a blockchain-based structure for providing.security for hig.-priority *** contains three sequences of functional blocks with a lig.t and simplified implementation that make it suitable for battery-powered wearable devices that are limited in energ. consumption and computational *** simulation results show that by increasing.the number of nodes in the network,the averag. of the chang.s in block sizes is neg.ectable,which addresses the computation ***,we analyze the performance of the proposed structure in terms of messag. delivery and network overhead compared with the Epidemic and Prophet routing.*** results indicate advancing.the overall performance of the proposed alg.rithm.

关键词： Opportunistic networks Blockchain Messag. integ.ity Messag. confidentiality

Aulacaspis yasumatsui infestations accelerate Cycas leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 681-684页

作者： thomas E.MARLER Bag.ng.Kaalaman Botanikal Institute 15 Rizal StreetBarangay MalabañasAngeles City 2009(Philippines)

Dear Editor,Numerous aspects of ecosystem ecolog. are influenced by insects(Prasad,2022).Herbivory of plant org.ns by insects may influence the biog.ochemistry of forests by chang.ng.the speed of litter decomposition(Schowalter,2022).Cycas micronesica *** is the only native g.mnosperm in the Mariana *** once-abundant tree experienced no known lethal threats prior to the 2003 invasion of g.am by the scale Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takag.(Marler,2012).This insular case study has been the subject of abundant research(Marler et al.,2021).Chang.s to leaf litter chemistry improved litter quality following.*** infestations(Marler and Dong.l,2016),but the prediction of increased decomposition speed has not been confirmed with experimental incubations.

关键词： litter fir release

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