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Contemporary Approaches for Identifying rare Bone Disease Causing Genes

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Bone research 2013年第4期1卷 301-310页

作者： Charles r.Farber thomas l.Clemens Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center

recent improvements in the speed and accuracy of DNA sequencing, together with increasingly sophisti- cated mathematical approaches for annotating gene networks, have revolutionized the field of human genetics and made these once time consuming approaches assessable to most investigators. In the field of bone research, a particularly active area of gene discovery has occurred in patients with rare bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta （OI） that are caused by mutations in single genes. In this perspective, we highlight some of these technological advances and describe how they have been used to identify the genetic determinants underlying two previously unexplained cases of OI. The widespread availability of advanced methods for DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis can be expected to greatly facilitate identification of novel gene networks that normally function to contr.l bone formation and maintenance.

关键词： exome sequencing genome sequencing bioinformatics osteogenesis imperfect pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) bone restricted ifitm-like protein (Br.l)

Effect of particle size distribution on particle based composite anode models

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2013年第3期29卷 357-369页

作者： Vaughan l.thomas 148. 3400 Charles Street 031 Latrobe Hall Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA

Particle based models of composite anodes are useful tools for exploring the behavior of SOFC systems. As part of our efforts to develop models for understanding fuel cells, we have been building models of Ni-YSZ composite anodes using experimentally measured particle size distributions. The objectives of this study were to characterize the percolation threshold and conductivity of these models in comparison to simpler mono dispersed and biphasic particle size distributions from the literature. We found that the average values for the onset of percolation and the measured conductivity of the models with experimentally measured particle size distributions are similar to those for the simple distributions and the experimentally measured distributions. For all of the configurations evaluated, the onset of percolation in the Nickel phase occurred at a solid fraction of Nickel between 20% and 25%. This corresponded almost exactly to the point at which the coordination number between Nickel phase particles reached 2.2. The significant finding was that the variation in the value for the conductivity, as measured by the standard deviation of the results, was sever.l orders of magnitude higher than for the simpler systems. We explored the validity of our assumptions, specifically the assumption of random particle placement, by building a particle model directly from FIB-SEM data. In this reconstruction, it was clear that the location of particles was not random. Particles of the same type and size had much likelihood of contact higher than would indicated by random location.

关键词： resistor network Composite electrodes 3D particle packing Solid oxide fuel cells

WHO WON THE 2008 OlYMPICS?A MUlTICrITErIA DECISION OF MEASUrING INTANGIBlES

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2008年第4期17卷 473-486页

作者： thomas l.SAATY University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260USA

It often happens that at the end of Olympics games the medals won by more than one country are many and close in total number as in the 2008 games where China won 100 medals with many gold ones and the United States won 110 medals but with a lesser number of gold medals. The question is： Although it is often done arbitrar.ly, is there a way to quantify the values of gold, silver and bronze medals legitimately to resolve this concern？ This short exposition shows that there is by using the author＇s theory for the measurement of intangibles, the Analytic Hierarchy Process.

关键词： Olympics medals China US measurement of intangibles points per GDP points per population

Nanoscale 3D ordered polymer networks

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 25-32页

作者： Edwin l. thomas Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering rice University Houston TX 77030 USA

Structures having nanoscale 3D geometries are valuable as multifunctional materials, where multi-continuous microphases can synergistically influence mechanical, optical, transport and other properties. Such very high interface surface to volume ratio structures occur in a variety of materials including natur.l materials such as butter fly wings and sea urchin exoskeletons and in synthetic self-assembled structures such as surfactant/water systems and block polymers. Quantitative morphological characterization of such complex geometric structures is quite challenging. Unit cell sizes range from 10-300 nm with corresponding feature sizes on the 2-50 nm scale. Since these nanoscale network structures are bicontinuous, when one constituent is removed, the structure is still self supporting. removal of one component produces a nanoporous material that may be in-filled with another component, or the surfaces of the nanopores can be coated with ultra-thin layers by atomic layer deposition to offer multiftmctional capabilities. Due to the ability to individually tailor the properties of the network（s） and matrix, for example, to create strong dielectric or impedance contrast, such spatially periodic structures are excellent for the interference of waves （electromagnetic for photonic applications and acoustic for phononic applications） that can lead to bandgaps and hence the contr.l of wave propagation in the material. This mini-review will focus on networks formed by bottom up self assembly of block polymers. In addition to structur.l issues, we emphasize the special physical properties r.lated to bi- or tri-continuous networks.

关键词： self assembly block polymer network morphologies bicontinuous

GlOBAl AWArENESS,FUTUrE CITY DESIGN AND DECISION MAKING

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2012年第3期21卷 337-355页

作者： thomas l.SAATY Mujgan SAGIr University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA 15260USA Eskisehir Osmangazi University EskisehirTurkey

Our world has been changing at an exponential rate. As a result of this rapid growth, we will be forced to make changes in not only the way we live in the environment but also in the environment itself such as designing the cities of the future to be in greater harmony with the increasing population and growing complexity. The paper contains both reflections on global awareness and comprehensive criteria and their priorities for choosing the most desirable city.

关键词： Global awareness multicriteria decision making prioritization compact city

r.le of cell-free network communication in alcohol-associated disorders and liver metastasis

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World Journal of Gastroenter.logy 2021年第41期27卷 7080-7099页

作者： Mur.li r Kuracha Peter thomas Martin Tobi Benita l McVicker Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Department of Surgery Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68178United States research and Development Service Detroit VAMCDetroitMI 48201United States Department of Medicine Central Michigan University College of MedicineDetroitMI 48201United States research Service Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNE 68105United States

The aberrant use of alcohol is a major factor in cancer progression and *** mechanisms include the systemic effects of alcohol and the exchange of bioactive molecules between cancerous and non-cancerous cells along the brain-gut-liver *** inter.lay leads to changes in molecular,cellular,and biological functions resulting in cancer *** investigations have examined the r.le of extracellular vesicles(EVs)in cancer mechanisms in addition to their contribution as diagnostic ***,EVs are emerging as novel cell-free mediators in pathophysiological scenarios including alcohol-mediated gut microbiome dysbiosis and the r.lease of nanosized EVs into the circulatory ***,EVs in cancer patients are enriched with oncogenes,mirNA,lipids,and glycoproteins whose delivery into the hepatic microenvironment may be enhanced by the detrimental effects of ***-of-concept studies indicate that alcohol-associated liver disease is impacted by the effects of exosomes,including altered immune responses,reprogramming of stromal cells,and remodeling of the extracellular ***,the culmination of alcoholr.lated changes in the liver.likely contributes to enhanced hepatic metastases and poor outcomes for cancer *** review summarizes the numerous aspects of exosome communications between organs with emphasis on the r.lationship of EVs in alcohol-associated diseases and cancer *** potential impact of EV cargo and r.lease along a multi-organ axis is highly r.levant to the promotion of tumorigenic mechanisms and metastatic *** is hypothesized that EVs target recipient tissues to initiate the formation of prometastatic niches and cancer *** study of alcohol-associated mechanisms in metastatic cancers is expected to reveal a better understanding of factors involved in the growth of secondary malignancies as well as novel approaches for therapeutic interventions.

关键词： Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Alcohol-associated liver disease Colorectal cancer liver metastasis Interorgan communication

Diverse Functional r.les of Monosaccharide Transporters and their Homologs in Vascular Plants： A Physiological Perspective

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 641-662页

作者： thomas l. Slewinski Department of Plant Biology Cornell University 262 Plant Science Building Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Vascular plants contain two gene families that encode monosaccharide transporter proteins. The classical monosaccharide transporter（-like） gene superfamily is large and functionally diverse, while the recently identified SWEET transporter family is smaller and, thus far, only found to transport glucose. These transporters play essential r.les at many levels, ranging from organelles to the whole plant. Many family members are essential for cellular homeostasis and reproductive success. Although most transporters do not directly participate in long-distance transport, their indirect r.les greatly impact carbon allocation and transport flux to the heterotrophic tissues of the plant. Functional characterization of some members from both gene families has revealed their diverse r.les in carbohydrate partitioning, phloem function, resource allocation, plant defense, and sugar signaling. This review highlights the broad impacts and implications of monosaccharide transport by describing some of the functional r.les of the monosaccharide transporter（-like） superfamily and the SWEET transporter family.

关键词： Monosaccharide transporters sugar transport membrane transport hexoses sugar alcohols carbohydrate partitioning.

THErE IS NO MATHEMATICAl VAlIDITY FOr USING FUZZY NUMBEr CrUNCHING IN THE ANAlYTIC HIErArCHY PrOCESS

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2006年第4期15卷 457-464页

作者： thomas l. SAATY University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260

Fuzzy logic has difficulty producing valid answers in decision-making. Absent are theorems to prove that it works to produce results already known that are being estimated with judgments by transforming such judgments numerically. The numerical representation of judgments in the AHP is already fuzzy. Making fuzzy judgments more fuzzy does not lead to a better more valid outcome and it often leads to a worse one. The compatibility index of the AHP is used to illustrate how the answers obtained by fuzzifying AHP judgments do not produce better results than direct derivation of the principal eigenvector. Other authors who did experiments with given data in decision making quoted in the conclusions section of the paper, have observed that fuzzy sets gives the poorest answers among all methods used to derive best decisions.

关键词： Analytic Hierarchy Process fuzzy logic compatibility index validity

Impacts as Triggers for Weather-r.lated Decision Making: Observations at the Berlin Fire Brigade Contr.l and Dispatch Center

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 610-615页

作者： thomas Kox Catharina lüder Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin12165BerlinGermany Hans-Ertel-Center for Weather research Berlin 12165BerlinGermany Department of Geography Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München80333MunichGermany

This article presents the results of a series of ethnographic observations at the Berlin fire brigade contr.l and dispatch center during routine and severe weather *** weather-r.lated challenges of a fire brigade lie between the anticipation of events and their potential consequences,and the ad hoc reactions to actual impacts of *** results show that decisions and actions r.lated to high impact weather are not necessar.ly motivated by weather warnings ***,they are reactions to the experience of impacts,for example,an increased number of missions or emergency *** are the main trigger for the decision *** is one additional external factor that influences the operational capability of a fire *** commanding officers in a fire brigade contr.l and dispatch center experience weather primar.ly through technical equipment,verified by ground truth,observations showed that direct personal contact with the regional weather service and colleagues on the ground takes on a greater r.le in actual severe weather *** observations point to the need for increased interagency communication between the emergency services,the weather service,and other organizations to integrate weather information,impacts,and non-weather-r.lated tasks into coherent weather-r.lated decision making.

关键词： Berlin Emergency services Fire brigades Impact-based emergency response Interagency communication Weather-r.lated decision making