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The effects of Spirulina on anemia and immune function in senior citizens

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2011年第3期8卷 248-254页

作者： Carlo Selmi patrick SC Leung Laura Fischer Bruce German Chen-Yen Yang thomas p kenny Gerry R Cysewski M Eric Gershwin Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Department of Medicine IRCCS Istituto Clinico HumanitasRozzanoMilanItaly Department of Food Science and Technology University of California at DavisDavisCAUSA Cyanotech Kailua-KonaHIUSA

Anemia and immunological dysfunction(***)are commonly found in older subjects and nutritional approaches are sought to counteract these *** is a filamentous and multicellular bule-green alga capable of reducing inflammation and also manifesting antioxidant *** hypothesized that Spirulina may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in senior citizens with a history of *** enrolled 40 volunteers of both sexes with an age of 50 years or older who had no history of major chronic *** took a Spirulina supplementation for 12 weeks and were administered comprehensive dietary questionnaires to determine their nutritional regimen during the *** cell count(CCC)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)enzyme activity,as a sign of immune function,were determined at baseline and weeks 6 and 12 of *** study participants completed the entire study and the data obtained were *** the 12-week study period,there was a steady increase in average values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin in subjects of both *** addition,mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration also increased in male *** women appeared to benefit more rapidly from Spirulina ***,the majority of subjects manifested increased IDO activity and white blood cell count at 6 and 12 weeks of Spirulina *** may ameliorate anemia and immunosenescence in older *** encourage large human studies to determine whether this safe supplement could prove beneficial in randomized clinical trials.

关键词： functional food immunosenescence red blood cell IDO

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Tuning beneficial calcineurin phosphatase activation to counterα-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of parkinson’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 199-200页

作者： Srishti Chawla Mikael Molin thomas Nystrom Institute for Biomedicine Sahlgrenska AcademyCentre for Ageing and Health-AgeCapUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden Department of Life Sciences Chalmers University of TechnologyGothenburgSweden

Calcineurin(CN)is a calcium-and calmodulindependent serine/threonine that has been studied in many model organisms including yeast,filamentous fungi,plants,and *** biological functions range from ion homeostasis and virulence in lower eukaryotes to T-cell activation in humans by human nuclear factors of activated *** is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit,calcineurin A(Cna1p),which contains an active site with a dinuclear metal center,and a regulatory Ca^(2+) binding subunit called calcineurin B(Cnb1p)required to activate *** calcineurin B subunit has been highly conserved through evolution:For example,the mammalian calcineurin B shows 54%identity with calcineurin B from Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

关键词： activation dinuclear conserved

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Stress and immunological response of heifers divergently ranked for residual feed intake following an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 111-118页

作者： A.K.Kelly p.Lawrence B.Earley D.A.kenny M.McGee School of Agriculture and Food Science College of Health and Agricultural SciencesUniversity College Dublin Livestock Systems Research Department Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreGrangeDunsanyCo. Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreTeagascDunsanyCo.

Background： When an animal is exposed to a stressor, metabolic rate, energy consumption and utilisation increase primarily through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal（HpA） axis. Changes to partitioning of energy by an animal are likely to influence the efficiency with which it is utilised. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the physiological stress response to an exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH） challenge in beef heifers divergently ranked on phenotypic residual feed intake（RFI）.Results： Data were collected on 34 Simmental weaning beef heifers the progeny of a well characterized and divergently bred RFI suckler beef herd. Residual feed intake was determined on each animal during the postweaning stage over a 91-day feed intake measurement period during which they were individually offered adlibitum grass silage and 2 kg of concentrate per head once daily. The 12 highest [0.34 kg DM/d] and 12 lowest[-0.48 kg DM/d] ranking animals on RFI were selected for use in this study. For the physiological stress challenge heifers（mean age 605 ± 13 d; mean BW 518 ± 31.4 kg） were fitted aseptically with indwelling jugular catheters to facilitate intensive blood collection. The response of the adrenal cortex to a standardised dose of ACTH（1.98 IU/kg metabolic BW^（0.75）） was examined. Serial blood samples were analysed for plasma cortisol, ACTH and haematology variables. Heifers differing in RFI did not differ（p = 0.59） in ACTH concentrations. Concentration of ACTH peaked（p 〈 0.001） in both RFI groups at 20 min post-ACTH administration, following which concentration declined to baseline levels by 150 min. Similarly, cortisol systemic profile peaked at 60 min and concentrations remained continuously elevated for 150 min. A RFI × time interaction was detected for cortisol concentrations（p = 0.06） with high RFI heifers had a greater cortisol response than Low RFI from 40 min to 150 min relative to ACTH administration. Cortisol response was positively assoc

关键词： Beef cattle Cortisol Feed efficiency Residual feed intake Stress response

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Effect of supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or β-glucans on performance, feeding behaviour and immune status of Holstein Friesian bull calves during the pre-and post-weaning periods

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 475-490页

作者： Ruairi p.McDonnell John V.O’Doherty Bernadette Earley Anne Marie Clarke David A.kenny School of Agriculture Food Science and Veterinary MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre(AGRIC)GrangeDunsanyCo.MeathIreland present address:GippsDairy 71 Korumburra-Warragul RoadWarragulVIC 3820Australia.

Background: previous research in both calves and other species has suggested n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(pUFA) and β-glucans may have positive effects on immune function. This experiment measured performance,behaviour, metabolite and immunological responses to pre-weaning supplementation of dairy bull calves with n-3 pUFA in the form of fish oil and β-glucans derived from seaweed extract. 44 Holstein Friesian bull calves, aged 13.7± 2.5 d and weighing 48.0 ± 5.8 kg were artificially reared using an electronic feeding system. Each calf was offered5 L(120 g/L) per day of milk replacer(MR) and assigned to one of four treatments included in the MR,(1) Control(CON);(2) 40 g n-3 pUFA per day(FO);(3) 1 g β-glucans per day(GL) and(4) 40 g n-3 pUFA per day & 1 g/d β-glucans(FOGL) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Milk replacer and concentrate was offered from d 0–62(pre-weaning),while concentrate provision continued for a further 31 d post-weaning period. Individual daily feed intake and feeding behaviour was recorded throughout, while bodyweight and blood analyte data were collected at regular ***: Overall mean concentrate DMI from d 0–93 was 1.39, 1.27, 1.00 and 0.72 kg/d for CON, FO, GL and FOGL calves, respectively(SEM = 0.037;p pplemented with GL were significantly lighter(p pasture(d 93) than un-supplemented calves, with a similar effect(p pared to un-supplemented contemporaries. Supplementation with GL reduced the number of unrewarded visits where milk was not consumed(p pplementation with FO increased mean drinking speed(p pplementation with GL resulted in greater concentrations of haptoglobin(p = 0.034), greater serum osmolality(p = 0.021) and lower lymphocyte levels(p = 0.027). In addition,cells from GL supplemented calves exhibited a lower response than un-supplemented contemporaries to both phytohaemagglutinin

关键词： Fish oil Fucoidan Immune function Laminarin preweaning Seaweed

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Compressional origin of the Aegean Orogeny,Greece

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 383-404页

作者： Michael p.Searle thomas N.Lamont Dept Earth Sciences Oxford UniversitySouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13ANUK School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsKY169ALUK

The Aegean Sea area is thought to be an actively extending back-arc region,north of the present day Hellenic volcanic arc and north-dipping subduction zone in the Eastern *** area shows extensive normal faulting,ductile‘extensional’shear zones and extensional S-C fabrics throughout the islands that have previously been related to regional Aegean extension associated with slab rollback on the Hellenic Subduction *** this paper,we question this interpretation,and suggest the Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the Aegean region is associated with a Late Cretaceous-Eocene NE-dipping subduction zone that was responsible for continentcontinent collision between Eurasia and Adria-Apulia/*** of eclogite and blueschist facies rocks in the Cyclades and kyanite-sillimanite grade gneisses in the Naxos core complex have pressures that are far greater than could be accounted for purely by lithospheric extension and isostatic *** identify four stages of crustal shortening that affected the region prior to regional lithospheric extension,herein called the Aegean *** orogeny followed a classic Wilson cycle from early ophiolite obduction(ca.74 Ma)onto a previously passive continental margin,to attempted crustal subduction with Hp eclogite and blueschist facies metamorphism(ca.54-45 Ma),through crustal thickening and regional kyanite-sillimanite grade Barroviantype metamorphism(ca.22-14 Ma),to orogenic collapse(periods of‘extensional’fabrics relate to:(1)Exhumation of blueschists and eclogite facies rocks showing tight-isoclinal folds and top-NE,base-SW fabrics,recording return flow along a subduction channel in a compressional tectonic setting(ca.50-35 Ma).(2)Extensional fabrics within the core complexes formed by exhumation of kyanite-and sillimanite gneisses showing thrust-related fabrics at the base and‘extensional’fabrics along the top(ca.18.5-14 Ma).(3)Regional ductile-brittle‘extensional’fabrics and low-angle

关键词： Cyclades Ophiolite High-pressure metamorphism Core complex Compressional tectonics

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Assessment of soil erosion in a tropical mountain river basin of the southern Western Ghats,India using RUSLE and GIS

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 893-906页

作者： Jobin thomas Sabu Joseph K.p.Thrivikramji EWRE Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036Tamil NaduIndia Department of Environmental Sciences University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram695581KeralaIndia Center for Environment and Development Thiruvananthapuram695013KeralaIndia

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) model coupled with transport limited sediment delivery(TLSD) function was used to predict the longtime average annual soil loss, and to identify the critical erosion-/deposition-prone areas in a tropical mountain river basin, viz., Muthirapuzha River Basin(MRB; area=271.75 km^2), in the southern Western Ghats, India. Mean gross soil erosion in MRB is 14.36 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1), whereas mean net soil erosion(i.e., gross erosion-deposition) is only 3.60 t ha^(-1) yr^(-1)(i.e., roughly 25% of the gross erosion). Majority of the basin area(~86%) experiences only slight erosion(positional environment for the eroded sediments(e.g., the terraces of stream reaches, the gentle plains as well as the foot slopes of the plateau scarps and the terrain with concordant summits). Although mean gross soil erosion rates in the natural vegetation belts are relatively higher, compared to agriculture, settlement/built-up areas and tea plantation, the sediment transport efficiency in agricultural areas and tea plantation is significantly high,reflecting the role of human activities on accelerated soil erosion. In MRB, on a mean basis, 0.42 t of soil organic carbon(SOC) content is being eroded per hectare annually, and SOC loss from the 4th order subbasins shows considerable differences, mainly due to the spatial variability in the gross soil erosion rates among the sub-basins. The quantitative results, on soil erosion and deposition, modelled using RUSLE and TLSD, are expected to be beneficial while formulating comprehensive land management strategies for reducing the extent of soil degradation in tropical mountain river basins.

关键词： Soil erosion RUSLE Transport limited sediment delivery Muthirapuzha river basin Western Ghats Kerala

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Dikaryotization seems essential for hypha formation and infection of coccid in the life-cycle of Auriculoscypha anacardiicola

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 66-72页

作者： thomas A and Manimohan p Department of Botany University of CalicutKerala673635India

Auriculoscypha,a monotypic basidiomycetous genus with *** as the only known species,is endemic to southwest India where it is seen in triple symbioses with a coccid and anacardiaceous trees involving interactions between three trophic *** present study was an attempt to verify the hypothesis that dikaryotization is a prerequisite for hypha formation and coccid-infection in the life-cycle of ***-microscopic observations using Giemsa staining and fluorescent microscopic observations of DApI-stained material were made to determine the number of nuclei in cells/hyphal compartments at various stages in the life-cycle of the *** studies revealed that while the basidiospores were consistently unicellular and uninucleate at the time of discharge,the hyphae of *** were consistently *** with the observed inability of a single basidiospore to establish a mycelium,our study indicates that dikaryotization is essential for hypha formation and infection of the coccid in the life-cycle of ***.

关键词： Fungus-insect-symbiosis pucciniomycotina Septobasidiaceae scale-insect yeast-stage

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Load carrying capacity of a heterogeneous surface bearing

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Friction 2015年第4期3卷 287-293页

作者： Evan thomas Mircea D pASCOVICI Romeo p GLOVNEA Tribology Laboratory Department of Engineering and DesignUniversity of SussexUnited Kingdom Machine Elements and Tribology Division Politehnica University of BucharestBucharestRomania

It has been shown before that liquids can slip at a solid boundary,which prompted the idea that parallel-surfaces bearings can be achieved just by alternating slip and non-slip regions in the direction of fluid *** amount of slip at the wall depends on the surface tension at the liquid-solid interface,which in turn depends on the chemical state of the surface and its *** the present study a heterogeneous surface was obtained by coating half of a circular glass disc with a coating repellant to glycerol.A rotating glass disc was placed at a known/calibrated distance and the gap was filled with *** the mobile surface moving from the direction of slip to non-slip region it can be theoretically shown that a pressure build up can be *** pressure gradient in the two regions is constant,similar to that in a Rayleigh step bearing,with the maximum pressure at the separation *** heterogeneous disc was placed on a holder supported by a load cell thus the force generated by this pressure increase can be measured *** were carried out at different sliding speeds and gaps and the load carried was measured and subsequently compared with theoretical *** allowed the slip coefficient to be evaluated.

关键词： bearing slip heterogeneous load

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Morphometric aspects of a small tropical mountain river system,the southern Western Ghats,India

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2010年第2期3卷 135-156页

作者： Jobin thomas Sabu Joseph K.p.Thrivikramaji Department of Environmental Sciences University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram 695581KeralaIndia Department of Geology University of KeralaThiruvananthapuram 695581KeralaIndia

The Muthirapuzha watershed(MW)is one among the major tributaries of periyarthe longest west flowing river in Kerala,India.A morphometric analysis was carried out to determine the spatial variations in the drainage characteristics of MW and its 14 fourth order sub-watersheds(SW1SW14)using Survey of India topographic maps and Landsat ETM*** study revealed that the watershed includes a sixth order stream and lower order streams dominate the *** did indicate that rainfall has a significant role in the drainage development whereas structure and relief of rocks dictate the drainage *** asymmetry in the drainage distribution is correlated with the tectonic history of the Munnar plateau in the late paleocene *** watershed is moderate to well-drained and exhibited a geomorphic maturity in its physiographic *** shape parameters revealed the elongated nature of MW and drainage network development in the ***,the analysis provided significant insight into the terrain *** study strongly brings to light,(a)the tendency of the watershed to soil loss and(b)the hydrological makeup of the subwatersheds,which combined helped to formulate a comprehensive watershed management plan.

关键词： morphometry digital earth Muthirapuzha watershed Western Ghats India

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Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of a 3-■US Spatial parallel Manipulator

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2020年第1期33卷 114-130页

作者： Mervin Joe thomas M.L.Joy A.p.Sudheer Mechatronics/Robotics Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Institute of Technology CalicutKozhikodeIndia

parallel Kinematic Machines(pKMs)are being widely used for precise applications to achieve complex motions and variable poses for the end effector *** are found in medical,assembly and manufacturing industries where accuracy is *** is often desired to have a compact and simple architecture for the robotic *** this paper,the kinematic and dynamic analysis of a novel 3-pRUS(p:prismatic joint,R:revolute joint,U:universal joint,S:spherical joint)parallel manipulator with a mobile platform having 6 Degree of Freedom(Do F)is *** kinematic equations for the proposed spatial parallel mechanism are formulated using the Modified Denavit-Hartenberg(DH)technique considering both active and passive *** kinematic equations are used to derive the Jacobian matrix of the mechanism to identify the singular points within the workspace.A Jacobian based sti ness analysis is done to understand the variations in sti ness for different poses of the mobile platform and further,it is used to decide trajectories for the end effector within the singularity free *** analytical model of the robot dynamics is presented using the Euler-Lagrangian approach with Lagrangian multipliers to include the system *** gravity and inertial forces of all links are considered in the mathematical *** analytical results of the dynamic model are compared with ADAMS simulation results for a pre-defined trajectory of the end effector.

关键词： parallel manipulator Kinematic modelling Workspace analysis Euler-Lagrangian modelling Singularity analysis Stiffness analysis

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