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Identification and Characterization of Reduced Epicuticular Wax Mutants in Rice

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Rice science 2015年第4期22卷 171-179页

作者： thomas H.TAI United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Crops Pathology and Genetics Research UnitDepartment of Plant SciencesMail Stop 1University of California

Epicuticular wax forms the outermost protective barrier of the aerial surfaces of land plants, working in concert with other components of the plant cuticle to prevent uncontrolled loss of water and to provide protection against an array of external environmental stress. In this study, chemically- mutagenized populations of rice （Oryza sativa L.） derived from approximately 4 750 M2 families were screened for adhesion of water droplets resulting in a wet leaf/glossy （wig） phenotype. Mutants were identified in 11 independently-derived M2 families. Scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the association of the wig phenotype with changes in the epicuticular wax crystals of these plants. The phenotypes of five mutants （7-17A, 26.1, 524.2, 680.2, and 843.1） were confirmed to be the result of single recessive gene mutation. Evaluation of mutants from 3 （6-1A, 7-17A, and 11-39A） of 11 M2 families revealed significant reductions （〉 50%） in surface wax content and increases in cuticle membrane permeability.

关键词： chemical mutagenesis cuticle wax forward genetics membrane permeability rice scanning electron microscopy

Theory and practice of runoff space-time distribution

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2004年第Z1期47卷 90-105页

作者： thomas M. Over Department of Geology/Geography Eastern Illinois University Charleston IL 61920 USA

Based on the domestic and foreign concerning researches, this paper submits the runoff space-time distribution theory which shows evident scientific significances and powerful practical functions. On the basis of digital basin unit cell deriving from the digital elevation model (DEM) and assumption of linear confluence, this theory has been applied successfully to the runoff correlation researches in humid regions. In order to prove the adaptability of the theory in arid and semi-drought regions, this paper is used to the runoff correlation analysis in Wuding River basin——a tributary of Yellow River Basin, and has gained preliminary effective verification.

关键词： runoff space-time distribution, theory, the Wuding River, correlation coefficient, practice.

Phosphatases are involved in modulating the TCA cycle in plants

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Molecular Plant 2021年第7期14卷 1036-1037页

作者： thomas D.Niehaus Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Twin CitiesSaint PaulMNUSA

Phosphorylation is a reversible posttranslational modification that modulates the activities of numerous *** plants,it is known that several mitochondrial proteins can be phosphory-lated,including enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)*** kinases and phosphorylases that mediate reversible phosphorylation of TCA cycle enzymes remain largely elusive,as is the impact of protein phosphorylation on the TCA *** this issue of Molecular Plant,Zhang et al.(2021)demonstrate that two phosphatases play important roles in controlling the phosphorylation status of TCA cycle enzymes,which modulates their activities and influences carbon flux through the TCA cycle.

关键词： cycle reversible controlling

Diverse Functional Roles of Monosaccharide Transporters and their Homologs in Vascular Plants： A Physiological Perspective

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 641-662页

作者： thomas L. Slewinski Department of Plant Biology Cornell University 262 Plant Science Building Ithaca NY 14853 USA

Vascular plants contain two gene families that encode monosaccharide transporter proteins. The classical monosaccharide transporter（-like） gene superfamily is large and functionally diverse, while the recently identified SWEET transporter family is smaller and, thus far, only found to transport glucose. These transporters play essential roles at many levels, ranging from organelles to the whole plant. Many family members are essential for cellular homeostasis and reproductive success. Although most transporters do not directly participate in long-distance transport, their indirect roles greatly impact carbon allocation and transport flux to the heterotrophic tissues of the plant. Functional characterization of some members from both gene families has revealed their diverse roles in carbohydrate partitioning, phloem function, resource allocation, plant defense, and sugar signaling. This review highlights the broad impacts and implications of monosaccharide transport by describing some of the functional roles of the monosaccharide transporter（-like） superfamily and the SWEET transporter family.

关键词： Monosaccharide transporters sugar transport membrane transport hexoses sugar alcohols carbohydrate partitioning.

PERFORMANCE OF BLIND DECONVOLUTION IN OPTOACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2011年第4期4卷 385-393页

作者： thomas JETZFELLNER VASILIS NTZIACHRISTOS Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging Technische Universit€at M€unchen and Helmholtz Center Munich Ingolstaedter Landstr.1 85764 NeuherbergGermany

In this paper,we consider the use of blind deconvolution for optoacoustic(photoacoustic)imaging and investigate the performance of the method as means for increasing the resolution of the reconstructed image beyond the physical restrictions of the *** method is demonstrated with optoacoustic measurement obtained from six-day-old mice,imaged in the near-infrared using a broadband hydrophone in a circular scanning *** that estimates of the unknown point spread function,achieved by blind deconvolution,improve the resolution and contrast in the images and show promise for enhancing optoacoustic images.

关键词： Optoacoustic photoacoustic tomography multispectral blind deconvolution interpolated-model-matrix inversion(IMMI)

Migratory flight of insect pests within a year-round distribution: European corn borer as a case study

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1485-1505页

作者： thomas W.Sappington Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Agricultural Research ServiceUSDA

Insect migratory flight differs fundamentally from most other kinds of flight behavior, in that it is non-appetitive. The adult is not searching for anything, and migratory flight is not terminated by encounters with potential resources. Many insect pests of agricultural crops are long-distance migrants, moving from lower latitudes where they overwinter to higher latitudes in the spring to exploit superabundant, but seasonally ephemeral, host crops. The migratory nature of these pests is somewhat easy to recognize because of their sudden appearance in areas where they had been absent only a day or two earlier. Many other serious pests survive hostile winter conditions by diapausing, and therefore do not require migration to move between overwintering and breeding ranges. Yet there is evidence of migratory behavior engaged in by several pest species that inhabit high latitudes year-round. In these cases, the consequences of migratory flight are not immediately noticeable at the population level, because migration takes place for the most part within their larger year-round distribution. Nevertheless, the potential population-level consequences can be quite important in the contexts of pest management and insect resistance management. As a case study, I review the evidence for migratory flight behavior by individual European corn borer adults, and discuss the importance of understanding it. The kind of migratory behavior posited for pest species inhabiting a permanent distribution may be more common than we realize.

关键词： migration dispersal flight movement ecology European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis

Non-leaving-face property for marked surfaces

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2019年第3期14卷 521-534页

作者： thomas BRUSTLE Jie ZHANG Departement de Mathematiques Universite de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China

Abstract We consider the polytope arising from a marked surface by flips of triangulations. D. D. Sleator, R. E. Tarjan, and W. P. Thurston [J. Amer. Math. Soc., 1988, 1(3): 647 681] studied the diameter of the associahedron, which is the polytope arising from a marked disc by flips of triangulations. They showed that every shortest path between two vertices in a face does not leave that face. We give a new method, which is different from the one used by V. Disarlo and H. Parlier [arXiv: 1411.4285] to establish the same non-leaving-face property for all unpunctured marked surfaces.

关键词： Marked surface non-leaving-face property exchange graph

Laser cut hole matrices in novel armour plate steel for appliqué battlefield vehicle protection

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2016年第5期12卷 351-359页

作者： Daniel J. thomas Engineering Manufacturing Centre College of Engineering Swansea University Swansea UK

During this research, experimental rolled homogeneous armour steel was cast, annealed and laser cut to form an appliqué plate. This Martensitic–Bainitic microstructure steel grade was used to test a novel means of engineering lightweight armour. It was determined that a laser cutting speed of 1200 mm/min produced optimum hole formations with limited distortion. The array of holes acts as a double-edged solution, in that they provide weight saving of 45%, providing a protective advantage and increasing the surface area. Data collected were used to generate laser cut-edge hole projections in order to identify the optimum cutting speed, edge condition, cost and deformation performance. These parameters resulted in the generation of a surface, with less stress raising features. This can result in a distribution of stress across the wider surface. Provided that appropriate process parameters are used to generate laser cut edges, then the hardness properties of the surface can be controlled. This is due to compressive residual stresses produced in the near edge region as a result of metallurgical transformations. This way the traverse cutting speed parameter can be adjusted to alter critical surface characteristics and microstructural properties in close proximity to the cut-edge. A relationship was identified between the width of the laser HAZ and the hardness of the cut edge. It is the thickness of the HAZ that is affected by the laser process parameters which can be manipulated with adjusting the traverse cutting speed.

关键词： Armour steels Defence systems Steel processing Armour engineering

A two-density approach to the general many-body problem and a proof of principle for small atoms and molecules

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Frontiers of physics 2019年第2期14卷 89-96页

作者： thomas Pope Werner Hofer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle UniversityNewcastle NE1 7RUUnited Kingdom Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

An extended electron model fully recovers many of the experimental results of quantum mechanics while it avoids many of the pitfalls and remains generally free of paradoxes. The formulation of the manybody electronic problem here resembles the Kohn Sham formulation of standard density functional theory. However, rather than referring electronic properties to a large set of single electron orbitals, the extended electron model uses only mass density and field components, leading to a substantial increase in computational efficiency. To date, the Hohenberg-Kohn theorems have not been proved for a model of this type, nor has a universal energy functional been presented. In this paper, we address these problems and show that the Hohenberg Kohn theorems do also hold for a density model of this type. We then present a proof^of^concept practical implementation of this method and show that it reproduces the accuracy of more widely used methods on a test-set of small atomic systems, thus paving the way for the development of fast, efficient and accurate codes on this basis.

关键词： many-body condensed matter Hartree-Fock density functional theory extended electrons