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The effect of temperature on ionic liquid modified Fe-N-C catalysts for alkaline oxygen reduction reaction

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journal of Energy Chemistry 2022年第5期31卷 324-329页

作者： thomas Wolker Kai Brunnengräber Ioanna Martinaiou Nick Lorenz Gui-Rong Zhang Ulrike I.Kramm Bastian j.M.Etzold Department of Chemistry Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare ChemieTechnical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany Department of Chemistry Catalysts and Electrocatalysts GroupTechnical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany Graduate School of Excellence Energy Science and Engineering Technical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt64287 DarmstadtGermany School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China

Modifying solid catalysts with an ionic liquid layer is an effective approach for boosting the performance of both Pt-based and non-precious metal catalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction. While most studies operated at room temperature it remains unclear whether the IL-associated boosting effect can be maintained at elevated temperature, which is of high relevance for practical applications in low temperature fuel cells. Herein, Fe-N-C catalysts were modified by introducing small amounts of hydrophobic ionic liquid, resulting in boosted electrocatalytic activity towards the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction at room temperature. It is demonstrated that the boosting effect can be maintained and even strengthened when increasing the electrolyte temperature up to 70℃. These findings show for the first time that the incorporation of ionic liquid is a suited method to obtain advanced noble metal-free electrocatalysts that can be applied at operating temperature condition.

关键词： Oxygen reduction reaction Non-precious metal catalyst Ionic liquid Fe-N-C catalyst Temperature effect

Enhanced π-π Interactions Between a C_(60) Fullerene and a Buckle Bend on a Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube

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Nano Research 2010年第2期3卷 92-97页

作者： Sandeep Gorantla Stanislav Avdoshenko Felix Börrnert Alicja Bachmatiuk Maria Dimitrakopoulou Franziska Schäffel Ronny Schönfelder jürgen thomas thomas Gemming jamie HWarner Gianaurelio Cuniberti jürgen Eckert Bernd Büchner Mark H.Rümmeli IFW Dresden P.O.Box 270116D-01171 DresdenGermany Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials Dresden University of TechnologyDresden 01062Germany Department of Materials University of OxfordParks Rd.Oxford OX13PHUnited Kingdom

In situ low-voltage aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy(TEM)observations of the dynamic entrapment of a C_(60) molecule in the saddle of a bent double-walled carbon nanotube is *** fullerene interaction is non-covalent,suggesting that enhancedπ-πinteractions(van der Waals forces)are *** molecular dynamics calculations confirm that the increased interaction area associated with a buckle is sufficient to trap a ***,they show hopping behavior in agreement with our experimental *** findings further our understanding of carbon nanostructure interactions,which are important in the rapidly developing field of low-voltage aberration corrected TEM and nano-carbon device fabrication.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes fullerenes low-voltage transmission electron microscopy molecule trap

Evolutionary Optimization: Pitfalls and Booby Traps

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journal of Computer Science & Technology 2012年第5期27卷 907-936页

作者： thomas Weise Raymond Chiong Ke Tang Nature Inspired Computation and Applications Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230027 China Faculty of Higher Education Swinburne University of Technology 50 Melba Avenue Lilydale Victoria 3140 Australia

Evolutionary computation （EC）, a collective name rithms, is one of the fastest-growing areas in computer science. for a range of metaheuristic black-box optimization algo- Many manuals and ＂how-to＇s on the use of different EC methods as well as a variety of free or commercial software libraries are widely available nowadays. However, when one of these methods is applied to a real-world task, there can be many pitfalls and booby traps lurking certain aspects of the optimization problem that may lead to unsatisfactory results even if the algorithm appears to be correctly implemented and executed, These include the convergence issues, ruggedness, deceptiveness, and neutrality in the fitness landscape, epistasis, non-separability, noise leading to the need for robustness, as well as dimensionality and scalability issues, among others. In this article, we systematically discuss these related hindrances and present some possible remedies. The goal is to equip practitioners and researchers alike with a clear picture and understanding of what kind of problems can render EC applications unsuccessful and how to avoid them from the start.

关键词： evolutionary computing problem difficulty optimization meta-heuristics

Trap catches of the sweetpotato whitefly （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae） in the Imperial Valley, California, from 1996 to 2002

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 165-170页

作者： CHANG-CHI CHU EDWARD BARNES ERIC T. NATWICK TIAN-YECHEN DAVID RITTER thomas j. HENNEBERRY USDA ARS U.S. ALARC Maricopa Arizona E1 Centro California USA Agricultural Research Cotton Inc. Cary North Carolina E1 Centro California USA University of California Cooperative Extension DANR Holtville California E1 Centro California USA Imperial County Agricultural Commissioner' s Office E1 Centro California USA

An outbreak of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci （Gennadius）, biotype B occurred in the Imperial Valley, California in 1991. The insects destroyed melon crops and seriously damaged other vegetables, ornamentals and row crops. As a result of the need for sampling technology, we developed a whitefly trap （named the CC trap） that could be left in the field for extended time periods. We used the traps to monitor populations ofB. tabaci adults during year-round samplings from 1996 to 2002 to study variations in the weekly trap catches of the insect. The greatest number ofB. tabaci adults was recorded in 1996, followed by a continuing annual decrease in trap catches each year through 2002. The overall decline of B. tabaci is attributed in part to the adoption of an integrated pest management （IPM） program initiated in 1992 and reduced melon hectares from 1996 to 2002. Other factors may also have contributed to the population reductions. Seasonally, B. tabaci trap catches decreased during the late summer and fall concurrent with decreasing minimum tempera- tares that are suggested to be a significant factor affecting seasonal activity and reproduction.

关键词： Bemisia tabaci biotype B CC trap cotton melons ornamentals

Exome sequencing identifies a likely causative variant in 53%of families with ciliopathy-related features on renal ultrasound after excluding NPHP1 deletions

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第5期11卷 40-43页

作者： Konstantin Deutsch Verena Klambt thomas M.Kitzler Tilman jobst-Schwan Ronen Schneider Florian Buerger Steve Seltzsam Sherif El Desoky jameela A.Kari Farkhanda Hafeez Maria Szczepanska Loai A.Eid Hazem S.Awad Muna Al-Saffar Neveen A.Soliman Velibor Tasic Camille Nicolas-Frank Kirollos Yousef Luca M.Schierbaum Sophia Schneider Abdul Halawi Izzeldin Elmubarak Katharina Lemberg Shirlee Shril Shrikant M.Mane Nancy Rodig Friedhelm Hildebrandt Division of Nephrology Department of PediatricsBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Nephrology and Metabolic DiseasesCharite Universitatsmedizin BerlinBerlin 13353Germany Berlin Institute of Health at Charitee Universitatsmedizin Berlin BIH Biomedical Innovation AcademyBIH Charite Clinician Scientist ProgramBerlin 10178Germany Department of Nephrology and Hypertension FriedrichAlexander-Universitat Erlangen-NurnbergErlangen 91054Germany Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz UniversityPediatric Nephrology Center of ExcellenceKing Abdulaziz University HospitalJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Department of Pediatric Nephrology The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child HealthLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medical Sciences in ZabrzeMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice 40-752Poland Dubai Hospital and Al-jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital Kidney Center of ExcellenceDubai 4545United Arab Emirates Department of Genetics and Genomics UAE UniversityAbu Dhabi 15551United Arab Emirates Department of Pediatrics Division of Genetics and GenomicsBoston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02215USA Department of Pediatrics Center of Pediatric Nephrology and TransplantationKasr Al Ainy School of MedicineCairo UniversityCairo 11562Egypt Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine(ECRRM) Cairo 11511Egypt Medical Faculty Skopje University Children’s HospitalSkopje 1000North Macedonia Department of Genetics Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520USA

Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies(NPHP-RC)represent one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease in the first three decades of life and are characterized by a broad genetic and clinical heterogeneity.1 To date,more than 90 genes have been identified that cause autosomalrecessive NPHP-RC if mutated,accounting for up to 60%of cases.1 Among these,homozygous deletions of NPHP1 are the most common *** genes localize to primary cilia,basal bodies,or the centrosome and lead to a primary ciliary disruption if mutated,thereby causing a broad phenotypical spectrum.1 Patients that suffer from NPHP-RC can either have an isolated renal phenotype,such as polyuria,polydipsia,decreased urinary concentration ability,and secondary enuresis due to loss of tubular function,or present with extrarenal symptoms including retinal degeneration,cerebellar vermis hypoplasia,or hepatic *** are often diagnosed in early adolescence,reaching end-stage renal disease before 25 years of age,but early onset and rapidly progressive forms of NPHP-RC also exist.1 Renal ultrasound indicates kidneys of normal or reduced renal length with increased echogenicity and corticomedullary cysts.

关键词： degeneration urinary likely

Visually Modelling Collaborative Research into Innovative Community Disaster Resilience Practice,Strategy,and Governance

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 282-294页

作者： thomas j.Huggins Robin Peace Stephen R.Hill David M.johnston Alicia Cuevas Muniz joint Centre for Disaster Research School of PsychologyMassey University School of Psychology Massey University School of Psychology Massey University Joint Centre of Disaster ResearchMassey University Faculty of Science University of Colima

In 2013 a new collaborative center was established in Wellington, New Zealand to focus on integrating resilience research with the region’s community disaster resilience strategy. An earlier study with parties to this center had indicated that researcher and practitioner groups were divided by attention to their own immediate knowledge and skills, but agreed there was a need to maximize community resilience benefits amongst a regional population. An action research workshop of researchers and practitioners used a visual logic model to focus on the pragmatic benefits of improving community resilience. The visual logic model was used to design research activities that would improve the regional community resilience strategy, which was still in an early implementation *** of 14 workshop participants were interviewed following the workshop. Statistical content analysis of interview data highlighted certain strengths of the action research process: visual monitoring and evaluation planning was a catalyst for complicated conversations between two very different groups of professionals; and researchers became more focused on practical issues as a result. Other findings suggested that in future collaborative researchgovernance would benefit from wider cycles of strategic intelligence, enhanced research contributions, and the use of different information formats for different *** formats for different purposes should also be considered when developing and implementing large-scale disaster risk reduction policies and strategies.

关键词： Collaborative research Community resilience Content analysis Emergency management Visual communication

Compatibility and complementarity of indigenous and scientific knowledge of wild plants in the highlands of southwest Saudi Arabia

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journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 437-444页

作者： A.K.Hegazy A.A.Alatar j.thomas M.Faisal A.H.Alfarhan K.Krzywinski Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Biology University of Bergen

This study presents a survey of wild plants commonly used by local inhabitants in the highlands of southwest Saudi Arabia. Based upon literature review, direct observation of local inhabitants, and questionnaire interviews, 36 plant species were assessed and given scores according to their use. The gaps between scientific and indigenous knowl- edge on the use of plants were estimated using a ＂compatibility ratio＂. The score values were estimated based on seven different use categories of ecosystem services, including food, forage, medicine, wood, beekeeping, research, and education. Additional structural categories include source of materials, shade, hedges, ornamental plantings, and soil stabilization. There are discrepancies between indigenous knowledge （IK） and scien- tific knowledge （SK） but in most cases, SK of the species supports the IK and plant users preference. The results also provide information that challenges assumptions about the consistency of IK with SK. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the cultural context and uses of wild plants. Biodiversity-based knowledge holds promise for contributing to sustainable use of wild plant resources and related traditions. The success of such endeavours depends on the compatibility and complementarity of indigenous and scientific knowledge.

关键词： multipurpose use plants importance value compatibility ratio Sarawat mountains arid lands

nfertility, impotence, and emasculation - psychosocia ：ontexts for abandoning reproduction

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Asian journal of Andrology 2016年第3期18卷 403-408,I0008页

作者： Erik Wibowo thomas W johnson Richard j Wassersug Vancouver Prostate Centre Vancouver Coastal Health Vancouver British Corumbia Canada Department of Anthropology (Emeritus) California State University ChicoCA USA Department of Medical Neuroscience Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Australian ResearchCentre in sex Health and Society La-Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia.

From a Darwinian perspective we live to reproduce, but in various situations genetic males elect not to reproduce by choosing medical treatments leading to infertility, impotence, and, in the extreme, emasculation. For many men, infertility can be psychologically distressing. However, for certain genetic males, being infertile may improve their quality of life. Examples include （1） men who seek vasectomy, （2） individuals with Gender Dysphoria （e.g., transwomen, and modern day voluntary eunuchs）, （3） most gay men, and （4） men treated for testicular and prostate cancer. Men who desire vasectomy typically have a Darwinian fitness W 〉1 at the time of their vasectomies; i.e., after they have their desired number of offspring or consider themselves past an age for parenting newborns. In contrast, prostate and testicular cancer patients, along with individuals with extreme Gender Dysphoria, do not necessarily seek to be sterile, but accept it as an unavoidable consequence of the treatment for their condition undertaken for survival （in case of cancer patients） or to achieve a better quality of life （for those with Gender Dysphoria）. Most gay men do not father children, but they may play an avuncular role, providing for their siblings＇ offspring＇s welfare, thus improving their inclusive fitness through kin selection. In a strictly Darwinian model, the primary motivation for all individuals is to reproduce, but there are many situations for men to remove themselves from the breeding populations because they have achieved a fitness W 〉1, or have stronger medical or psychological needs that preclude remaining fertile.

关键词： emasculation impotence infertility psychological distress

An Index-Based Approach to Assess Social Vulnerability for Hamburg, Germany

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第5期14卷 782-794页

作者： Malte von Szombathely Franziska S.Hanf janka Bareis Linda Meier jürgen Oßenbrügge thomas Pohl Institute for Geography Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversität Hamburg20146HamburgGermany Meteorological Institute Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversität Hamburg20146HamburgGermany Institute for Geography Universität Hamburg20146HamburgGermany Research Unit for Sustainability and Climate Risks Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversität Hamburg20144HamburgGermany

In this study,we set out to develop a new social vulnerability index(SVI).In doing so,we suggest some conceptual improvements that can be made to existing methodical approaches to assessing social *** make the entanglement of socio-spatial inequalities visible,we are conducting a small-scale study on heterogeneous urban development in the city of Hamburg,*** kind of high-resolution analysis was not previously available,but is increasingly requested by political decision *** can thus show hot spots of social vulnerability(SV)in Hamburg,considering the effects of social welfare,education,and *** doing so,we defined SV as a contextual concept that follows the recent shift in discourse in line with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s(IPCC)concepts of risk and *** SVI consists of two subcomponents:sensitivity and coping *** areas of Hamburg were identified using satellite information and merged with the social data units of the *** with high SVI are distributed over the entire city,notably in the district of Harburg and the Reiherstieg quarter in Wilhelmsburg near the Elbe,as well as in the densely populated inner city areas of Eimsbüttel and *** a map at a detailed scale,our SVI can be a useful tool to identify areas where the population is most vulnerable to climate-related *** conclude that an enhanced understanding of urban social vulnerability is a prerequisite for urban risk management and urban resilience planning.

关键词： Climate change adaptation Hamburg Risk approach Social vulnerability Social vulnerability index