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Epigenetics of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors:A clinicopathologic perspective

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2017年第9期9卷 341-353页

作者： Brendan M Finnerty Katherine d Gray Maureen d Moore Rasa Zarnegar thomas J FaheyⅢ department of Surgery New York Presbyterian HospitalWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY 10065United States

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NETs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors whose site-specific tumor incidence and clinical behavior vary widely. Genetic alterations associated with familial inherited syndromes have been well defined; however, the genetic profile of sporadic tumors is less clear as their tumorigenesis does not appear to be controlled by classic oncogenes such as P53, RB, or KRAS. Even within GEP-NETs, there are no common oncogenic drivers; for example, dAXX/ATRX mutations are strongly implicated in the tumorigenesis of pancreatic but not small bowel NETs. Accordingly, the dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms has been hypothesized as a potential regulator of GEPNET tumorigenesis and has become a major focus of recent studies. despite the heterogeneity of tumor cohorts evaluated in these studies, it is obvious that there are methylation patterns, chromatin remodeling alterations, and microR NA and long non-coding RNA(lncR NA) differential expression profiles that are distinctive of GEPNETs, some of which are correlated with significant differences in clinical outcomes. Several translational studies have provided convincing data identifying potential prognostic biomarkers, and some of these have demonstrated preliminary success as serum biomarkers that can be used clinically. Nevertheless, there are many opportunities to further define the mechanisms by which these epigenetic modifications influence tumorigenesis, and this will provide better insight into their prognostic and therapeutic utility. Furthermore, these findings form the foundation for future studies evaluating the clinical efficacy of epigenetic modifications as prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets.

关键词： Epigenetics Carcinoid Neuroendocrine MicroRNA Methylation Histone modifications Chromatin remodeling LncRNA

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The role of microglia versus peripheral macrophages in maladaptive plasticity after nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1202-1203页

作者： thomas A.Szabo-Pardi Nilesh M.Agalave Michael d.Burton Neuroimmunology and Behavior Laboratory Department of NeuroscienceSchool of Behavioral and Brain SciencesCenter for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTXUSA

Microglia and macrophages in the development of maladaptive plastic changes after peripheral nerve injury:Microglia and macrophages encompass the innate immune response to injury in the central and peripheral nervous systems,respectively,and are intimately involved in the pathogenesis of maladaptive changes(Tsuda,2019).These dynamic cells can influence neuronal activity in active and quiescent *** findings argue that peripheral macrophages facilitate the development of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain,as opposed to central microglia(Lopes et al.,2017;Yu et al.,2020).

关键词： al. injury peripheral

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Magnetohydrostatic modeling of the solar atmosphere

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 1710-1726页

作者： ZHU XiaoShuai NEUKIRCH thomas WIEGELMANN thomas State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CenterChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Mathematics and Statistics University of St AndrewsSt Andrews KY169SSUK Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Sonnensystemforschung G¨ottingen 37077Germany

Understanding structures and evolutions of the magnetic fields and plasma in multiple layers on the Sun is very important. A force-free magnetic field which is an accurate approximation of the solar corona due to the low plasma β has been widely studied and used to model the coronal magnetic structure. While the force-freeness assumption is well satisfied in the solar corona, the lower atmosphere is not force-free given the high plasma β. Therefore, a magnetohydrostatic(MHS) equilibrium which takes into account plasma forces, such as pressure gradient and gravitational force, is considered to be more appropriate to describe the lower atmosphere. This paper reviews both analytical and numerical extrapolation methods based on the MHS assumption for calculating the magnetic fields and plasma in the solar atmosphere from measured magnetograms.

关键词： magnetic field photosphere chromosphere corona

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Morphological differences of hindlimb levers between wild and farmed American mink(Neovison vison)and implications for reintroduction of mustelids

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 867-875页

作者： Jian Sun Xiaoli Zhou Yanchun Xu Yan Hua thomas d.dahmer Shuhui Yang College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry UniversityNo.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Research Center of Engineering Technology for Wildlife Conservation and Utilization of China No.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China State Forestry and Grassland Administration detecting Center of Wildlife No.26Hexing RoadHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China Ecosystems Ltd Hong KongPeople’s Republic of China

Reintroduction is an important strategy to restore or re-establish wild populations of endangered ***-release training is a necessary step to ensure postreintroduction ***,studies reported contradicting outcomes after pre-release training of juveniles and *** study used farmed and feral American mink(Neovison vison)to analyze the influence of captive breeding on the morphology,structure and efficiency of the two major hindlimb levers,the femur and tibia pivoted by hip and knee joints that are essential for *** showed that captive breeding did not alter the sexual dimorphism of the two levers that are related to survival in the ***-bred mink showed slightly altered morphology of the femur and fundamental structure of the hindlimb levers that improved efficiency,but this resulted in reduction of performance related to foraging in both terrestrial and aquatic environments,especially for *** findings suggest that reintroduction of mustelid as exampled by the mink here should focus on juveniles because the skeletal alterations associated with captive rearing were recorded only among adults and are irreversible in *** contrast,captive-reared juveniles showed no skeletal alterations and would be expected to recovery from any atrophy of the muscular system caused by captive rearing for shorter *** results support the application of pre-release training of juveniles in enriched environments as a method for alleviating structural alteration of appendages and enhancing locomotion to increase survival probability in complex habitats.

关键词： Hindlimb lever Morphology American mink Neovison vison Reintroduction

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Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 231-242页

作者： Joseph Rich Brian Cole Teng Li Brandon Lu Hanyu Fu Brittany N.Smith Jianping Xia Shujie Yang Ruoyu Zhong James L.doherty Kanji Kaneko Hiroaki Suzuki Zhenhua Tian Aaron d.Franklin Tony Jun Huang department of Biomedical Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA department of Mechanical Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA thomas Lord department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA deptartment of Precision Mechanics Faculty of Science and EngineeringChuo UniversityTokyo 112-8551Japan department of Chemistry Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA

The addition of surface acoustic wave(SAW)technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes,including high-precision manipulation,versatility,integrability,biocompatibility,contactless nature,and rapid ***,the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based *** simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions,we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet *** successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials,including silver nanowires,graphene,and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polystyrene sulfonate(PEdOT:PSS).To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts,the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser doppler ***,to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications,we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration ***,we demonstrated a novel solution-based,direct-write,single-step,cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology,chemistry,engineering,and medicine.

关键词： printing wave fluid

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The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme d.Agnolon T.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont T.Crawford J.P.Breuer T.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor T.Crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth T.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey d.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones T.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.d.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter T.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman d.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller TianRan Sun J.Thornhill W.thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh d.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace Technology MadridSpain ESTEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway STM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA department of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCd

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Human Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Cancer

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第1期16卷 33-49页

作者： Changting Meng Chunmei Bai thomas d. Brown Leroy E. Hood Qiang Tian Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA 98109 USA department of Oncology Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing 100730 China Swedish Cancer Institute Seattle WA 98104 USA P4 Medicine Institute Seattle WA 98109 USA

Human gut microbiota play an essential role in both healthy and diseased states of humans. In the past decade, the interactions between microorganisms and tumors have attracted much attention in the efforts to understand various features of the complex microbial communities, as well as the possible mechanisms through which the microbiota are involved in cancer prevention, carcinogenesis, and anti-cancer therapy. A large number of studies have indicated that microbial dysbiosis contributes to cancer susceptibility via multiple pathways. Further studies have suggested that the microbiota and their associated metabolites are not only closely related to carcinogenesis by inducing inflammation and immune dysregulation, which lead to genetic instability, but also inter- fere with the pharmacodynamics of anticancer agents. In this article, we mainly reviewed the influ- ence of gut microbiota on cancers in the gastrointestinal （GI） tract （including esophageal, gastric, colorectal, liver, and pancreatic cancers） and the regulation of microbiota by diet, prebiotics, pro- biotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, or the Traditional Chinese Medicine. We also proposed some new strategies in the prevention and treatment of GI cancers that could be explored in the future. We hope that this review could provide a comprehensive overview of the studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and GI cancers, which are likely to yield translational opportunities to reduce cancer morbidity and mortality by improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

关键词： Inflammation Immune regulation Microbial metabolites Carcinogenesis Traditional ChineseMedicine

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Qidong: a crucible for studies on liver cancer etiology and prevention

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2019年第1期16卷 24-37页

作者： Jianguo Chen Jian Zhu Gaoren Wang John d.Groopman thomas W.Kensler department of Epidemiology Qidong Liver Cancer Institute department of Epidemiology Tumor Hospital Nantong University department of Environmental Health and Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Public Health Sciences division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Qidong(Jiangsu, China) has been of interest to cancer epidemiologists and biologists because, until recently, it was an endemic area for liver cancer, having amongst the highest incidence rates in the world. The establishment of the Qidong Cancer Registry together with the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 has charted the patterns of liver cancer incidence and mortality in a stable population throughout a period of enormous economic, social, and environmental changes as well as of improvements in health care delivery. Updated incidence trends in Qidong are described. Notably, the China age-standardized incidence rate for liver cancer has dropped by over 50% in the past several decades. Molecular epidemiologic and genomic deep sequencing studies have affirmed that infection with hepatitis B virus as well as dietary exposure to aflatoxins through contamination of dietary staples such as corn, and to microcystins–blue-green algal toxins found in ditch and pond water – were likely important etiologic factors that account for the high incidence of liver cancer in this region. Public health initiatives to facilitate universal vaccination of newborns against HBV and to improve drinking water sources in this rural area, as well as economic and social mandates serendipitously facilitating dietary diversity, have led to precipitous declines in exposures to these etiologic factors, concomitantly driving substantive declines in the liver cancer incidence seen now in Qidong. In this regard, Qidong serves as a template for the global impact that a package of intervention strategies may exert on cancer burden.

关键词： Liver cancer incidence hepatitis B virus aflatoxin microcystin screening chemoprevention mutational signature

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Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic,muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5813-5819页

作者： E Louise thomas Audrey E Brynes Gavin Hamilton Nayna Patel Adam Spong Robert d Goldin Gary Frost Jimmy d Bell Simon d Taylor-Robinson The Robert Steiner MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre department of Nutrition and dietetics The Robert Steiner MR Unit MRC Clinical Sciences Centre Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London Hammersmith Hospital Du Cane Rd London W12 0HS United Kingdom and Histopathology Department Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London St Mary's Hospital Praed Street London W2 1NY United Kingdom

AIM： To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat （IHCL）.METHOdS： Whole body MRI and IH MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLd）.RESULTS： A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% （-3.4 kg,） accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue （AT） depots, including subcutaneous （-9.9%）, abdominal subcutaneous （-10.2%） and intra-abdominal- AT （-11.4%）. Intramyocellular lipids （IMCL） were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle （-28.2%）. decreases in both IHCL （-39.9%） and soleus IMCL （-12.2%） content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests： serum aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）. Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION： This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LETs.

关键词： Intra-abdominal adipose tissue Intrahepatic fat Intramyocellular lipids Weiqht loss Magnetic resonance imaging

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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its impairment in Alzheimer's disease

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Zoological Research 2022年第3期43卷 481-496页

作者： thomas A.Kim Michelle dSyty Kaitlyn Wu Shaoyu Ge department of Neurobiology&Behavior SUNY at Stony BrookStony BrookNY 11794USA Medical Scientist Training Program(MSTP) Renaissance School of Medicine at SUNYStony BrookStony BrookNY 11794USA

Adult neurogenesis is the creation of new neurons which integrate into the existing neural circuit of the adult *** evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN)persists throughout life in mammals,including *** newborn neurons have been implicated to have a crucial role in brain functions such as learning and ***,studies have also found that hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric ***’s disease(Ad)is one of the most common forms of dementia affecting millions of *** dysfunction is a common symptom of Ad patients and progressive memory loss has been attributed to the degeneration of the ***,there has been growing interest in identifying how hippocampal neurogenesis is affected in ***,the link between cognitive decline and changes in hippocampal neurogenesis in Ad is poorly *** this review,we summarized the recent literature on AHN and its impairments in Ad.

关键词： Hippocampal function Adult hippocampal neurogenesis Cognitive function Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer’s disease animal models

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