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The role of modern immunotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer:mini review

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 150-159页

作者： Francesca Jackson-Spence Charlotte Toms Yu-Hsuen Yang Leo Jurascheck Julia Choy Lucy Flanders Bernadett Szabados thomas powles Barts Cancer Institute Queen Mary University of LondonLondon EC1M 6BQUK Department of Medical Oncology St Bartholomew’s HospitalBarts Health NHS TrustLondon EC1A 7BEUK

The approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has changed the treatment landscape in many aspects of urothelial cancer(UC),in both non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and muscle-invasive bladder cancer and has introduced the concept of long-term remission for some patients in the metastatic ***-line chemotherapy remains superior at achieving initial control of disease compared to front-line immune ***,long-term durable responses are limited by chemotherapy *** maintenance approach,sequencing chemotherapy with ICIs,could be considered a best of both worlds approach,achieving initial control with chemotherapy,which is maintained in some individuals with ***,outcomes for patients with metastatic UC remain *** are three steps to improving outcomes for these patients;the first is to develop better drugs and combinations of therapies,the second is the development of novel biomarkers and techniques to better select patients for treatment,and the third area of development is to give the drugs in the most optimal setting.

关键词： Metastatic urothelial cancer bladder cancer immune therapy immune checkpoint inhibitors biomarkers

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Hepatocellular carcinoma,human immunodeficiency virus and viral hepatitis in the HAART era

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第11期14卷 1657-1663页

作者： Douglas C Macdonald Mark Nelson Mark Bower thomas powles Chelsea and Westminster hospital LondonUnited Kingdom St Bartholomew’s Hospital LondonUnited Kingdom

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is *** in HIV almost invariably occurs in the context of hepatitis C virus(HCV)or hepatitis B virus (HBV)co-infection and,on account of shared modes of transmission,this occurs in more than 33% and 10% of patients with HIV worldwide *** has yet to be clearly established whether HIV directly accelerates HCC pathogenesis or whether the rising incidence is an epiphenomenon of the highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)era,wherein the increased longevity of patients with HIV allows long-term complications of viral hepatitis and cirrhosis to *** this question will have implications for HCC surveillance and the timing of HCV/HBV therapy,which in HIV co-infection presents unique *** HCC develops,there is growing evidence that HIV co-infection should not preclude conventional therapeutic strategies,including liver transplantation.

关键词：肝细胞癌人类免疫缺陷病毒肝炎乙肝病毒

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