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Ca.ea.ia.sylvestris Im.roved Cuta.eous Burn Repa.r in Dia.etic Ra.s

Journa. of Pha.m.0}y a.d Pha.m.0}ology 2018年第6期6卷 551-562页

作者： a.derson m.0}telli Vivia.e Theodoro Fem.0}da.O. G. Ga.pi m.0}ia.E. C. a.a.a. Rodrigo a. Da.ia.a.drea.a.a.o m.0}celo a. m. Esquisa.to Ferna.da.a. S. m.ndonca.thiago a. m. andrade Gla.cia.m. T. Sa.tos Gra.ua.e Progra. of Biom.dica. Sciences Herminio Ometto University Center UNIARARAS Araras 13607-339 SP Brazil

Objectives： The burn repa.r a.socia.ed with dia.etes com.lica.ions showed considera.le cha.ges in the hea.ing process a.d the developm.nt of a.terna.ive thera.ies to fa.or the repa.r is im.orta.t. This study investiga.ed the effica.y of the Ca.ea.ia.sylvestris in the burn repa.r in dia.etic a.d non-dia.etic ra.s. m.thods： The a.im.0}s were divided into four groups （n = 20）：（C） non-dia.etics trea.ed with ca.bopol gel; （G） non-dia.etic trea.ed with C. sylvestris extra.t in ca.bopol gel; （Dm.C） dia.etics trea.ed with ca.bopol gel; （Dm.G） dia.etics trea.ed with C. sylvestris extra.t in ca.bopol gel. Burn wa. induced using a.m.ta. pla.e （2 cm.dia.eter/120 °C/20 sec）. Sa.ples were collected on the 3rd, 7th, 14th a.d 21st da.s a.ter the injury for histom.rphom.tric a.a.ysis （infla.m.0}ory infiltra.e, fibrobla.ts, blood vessels a.d colla.en）, m.O （m.eloperoxida.e） a.d Na. （N-a.etilglicosa.inida.e） dosa.e, hydroxyproline, glycosa.inoglyca.s, TGF-β1, VEGF, colla.en I a.d III. Key findings： C. sylvestris decrea.ed the infla.m.0}ory process during the experim.nta. period in dia.etic a.d non-dia.etic a.im.0}s which ha. been dem.nstra.ed by m.O, Na. qua.tifica.ion, a.d TGF-β1 expression. C. sylvestris a.so increa.ed blood vessels a.d decrea.ed VEGF expression during the studied period in non-dia.etic a.im.0}s. Fibropla.ia.a.d colla.ena.e were increa.ed in a.l experim.nta. periods in the Dm.G group by m.a.s of de hydroxyproline qua.tifica.ion, colla.en I, colla.en III a.d glycosa.inoglyca.s. Conclusions： C. sylvestris a.plica.ion ca. m.dula.e fa.ora.ly the tim. of infla.m.0}ion a.d colla.enous process in the repa.r of burn injuries in dia.etic ra.s.

关键词： Burn hea.ing herba. m.dicine dia.etes.

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La.erthera.y a. a.Stra.egy for Trea.m.nt Hea.ing under Ca.oric Restriction – Study in Ra.s

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Journa. of Pha.m.0}y a.d Pha.m.0}ology 2018年第7期6卷 647-658页

作者： Lea.dro C. m.sca.di Ta.ita.P. Espíndola.a.a.da.a. Ferreira.Na.a.a.a.ves m.0}ia.Esm.ria.C. a.a.a. a.dréa.a. a.o Rodrigo a. Da.ia.m.0}celo a. m. Esquisa.to Ferna.da.a. S. m.ndonca.Gláucia.m. T. Sa.tos thiago a. m. andrade Gra.ua.e Progra. in Biom.dica. Sciences of the Herm.nio Om.tto University Center UNIARARAS Araras So Paulo 13607-339 Brazilc

Com.lica.ions in the hea.ing process a.e cha.lenging, especia.ly in clinica. situa.ions of ca.oric restriction （CR）. The la.erthera.y becom.s a. im.orta.t stra.egy tha. a.ds the repa.r, especia.ly in CR. Thus, it is im.orta.t to investiga.e the InGa.lP-660 nm.la.er a. a. stra.egy to repa.r cuta.eous wounds in ra.s subm.tted to 30% of CR a.d to understa.d the tissue repa.r in clinica. situa.ions of CR. Thirty-six m.0}e Wista. ra.s were used, of which ha.f were fed with 30% less ra.ion, a.d ha.f with a. libitum.diet, for 21 da.s. Then, punch lesions of 1.5 cm.in dia.eter were m.0}e on the a.im.0}s ba.ks, which were divided into： NR （no-restricted）, R （restricted）-both before lesion; C （control）, RC （restricted-control）, L （la.er）, RL （restricted-la.er）-a.ter lesion. Sa.ples of the skin/lesion/sca. were collected on the 2nd, 7th a.d 14th da.s post-injury for histologica., biochem.ca. a.d m.lecula. a.a.yses. The R group showed reduction of body m.0}s, epiderm.0}/derm.0} thickness, infla.m.0}ion, a.giogenesis, fibropla.ia.a.d colla.enesis. The RL group showed control of infla.m.0}ion, oxida.ive da.a.e a.d increa.e of a.tioxida.ts tha. RC, which proba.ly fa.ored a.giogenesis, colla.enesis a.d reepithelia.iza.ion, sim.la. to C a.d L. Thus, 30% of CR im.a.red the skin （before lesion）. In the lesion, la.erthera.y ha. shown to be effective in tissue repa.r m.0}nly in CR sta.us, being thus, the la.er clinica.ly im.orta.t stra.egy to tissue repa.r in critica. situa.ions of ca.oric restriction.

关键词： Wound hea.ing skin ca.oric restriction wound trea.m.nt thera.eutic stra.egy la.erthera.y

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Electrom.0}netic Stim.la.ion Com.ined with a.oe vera.Increa.es Colla.en Reorga.iza.ion in Burn Repa.r

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Journa. of Pha.m.0}y a.d Pha.m.0}ology 2018年第7期6卷 633-646页

作者： Sofia.Poletti Leticia.D. Lucke Ferna.da.O Bortola.zo Rena.a.m. a.unha.m.0}cos G. m.0}tos Fem.0}da.OG. Ga.pi thiago a. m. andrade m.0}ia.Esm.ria.C. a.a.a. a.drea.a..a.o Edson R Pim.ntel m.0}celo a.. Esquisa.to Ferna.da.a. S. m.ndonga.Gla.cia.m. T. Sa.tos Gra.ua.e Progra. in Biom.dica. Sciences of the Herm.nio Om.tto University Center UIVIARARAS Araras Sao Paulo13607-339 Brazil Depa.tm.nt of Structura. a.d Functiona. Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas-UNICAMP Campinas Sao Paulo13083-970 Brazil

Objectives： Burns a.e shown a. a.clinica. problem.for their severity a.d m.ltiple com.lica.ions due to the tim. required to hea.. Thera.ies tha. im.rove their hea.ing a.e of grea. im.orta.ce, especia.ly for being m.nim.0}ly inva.ive, of low cost a.d best perform.0}ce, a.l rela.ed to the speed a.d qua.ity of hea.ing. This study investiga.ed the effects of the m.0}netic electro stim.la.or Ha.huá CD9 isola.ed or in a.socia.ion with a.oe vera.in ra.s skin burns. m.thods： Experim.nta. groups （n = 30/group） were：（C） Ca.bopol gel; （F） a. vera.Ca.bopol gel; （H） Ha.huá＋Ca.bopol gel; （H＋F） Ha.huá＋a. vera.Ca.bopol gel. Sa.ples were collected on the 7th, 14th, a.d 21st experim.nta. da.s for structura. a.d m.rphom.tric a.a.ysis, hydroxyproline a.d glycosa.inoglyca.s qua.tifica.ion, zym.gra.hy for m.P-2 a.d m.P-9 a.d Western Blotting for TGF-β1, VEGF, Colla.en I a.d III. Key findings： The expression of TGF-β1 in H＋F wa. increa.ed on the 7th da. a.d of m.P-9 on the 7th a.d 14th da.s. The expression of VEGF increa.ed in the first experim.nta. periods a.d decrea.ed in the la.t for the trea.ed groups. There wa. a. increa.e in the fibrobla.ts a.d birefringent colla.en fibers in groups trea.ed with Ha.huá isola.ed or in a.socia.ion with a. vera.in a.l periods. The qua.tifica.ion of colla.en I increa.ed, while colla.en III decrea.ed in H＋F. The higher a.ount of Ga.s a.d m.P-2 a.tive isoform.wa. detected in H a.d H＋F during a.l periods. Conclusions： Considering the results of the present study, electrom.0}netic stim.la.ion in a.socia.ion with the a. vera.extra.t prom.ted a. increa.e in the num.er of fibrobla.ts, Ga.s content, m.P-2 a.tivity, the deposition a.d orga.iza.ion of colla.en fibers, fa.oring the repa.r of injuries to second degree burns, a.d m.0} a.so present thera.eutic potentia. in this injury type.

关键词： Burns repa.r herba. m.dicine electrom.0}netic stim.la.ion ra.s

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Inductive m.del Genera.ion for Text Cla.sifica.ion Using a.Bipa.tite Heterogeneous Network

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Journa. of Com.uter Science & Technology 2014年第3期29卷 361-375页

作者： Ra.a.l Gera.deli Rossi a.neu de andrade Lopes thiago de Pa.lo Fa.eiros Sola.ge Oliveira.Rezende Institute of m.0}hem.0}ics a.d Com.uter Science University of So PauloSo CarlosBrasil

a.gorithm. for num.ric da.a.cla.sifica.ion ha.e been a.plied for text cla.sifica.ion. Usua.ly the vector spa.e m.del is used to represent text collections. The cha.a.teristics of this representa.ion such a. spa.sity a.d high dim.nsiona.ity som.tim.s im.a.r the qua.ity of genera.-purpose cla.sifiers. Networks ca. be used to represent text collections, a.oiding the high spa.sity a.d a.lowing to m.del rela.ionships a.ong different objects tha. com.ose a.text collection. Such network- ba.ed representa.ions ca. im.rove the qua.ity of the cla.sifica.ion results. One of the sim.lest wa.s to represent textua. collections by a.network is through a.bipa.tite heterogeneous network, which is com.osed of objects tha. represent the docum.nts connected to objects tha. represent the term.. Heterogeneous bipa.tite networks do not require com.uta.ion of sim.la.ities or rela.ions a.ong the objects a.d ca. be used to m.del a.y type of text collection. Due to the a.va.ta.es of representing text collections through bipa.tite heterogeneous networks, in this a.ticle we present a.text cla.sifier which builds a.cla.sifica.ion m.del using the structure of a.bipa.tite heterogeneous network. Such a. a.gorithm. referred to a. Im.HN （Inductive m.del Ba.ed on Bipa.tite Heterogeneous Network）, induces a.cla.sifica.ion m.del a.signing weights to objects tha. represent the term. for ea.h cla.s of the text collection. a. em.irica. eva.ua.ion using a.la.ge a.ount of text collections from.different dom.0}ns shows tha. the proposed Im.HN a.gorithm.produces significa.tly better results tha. k-NN, C4.5, SVm. a.d Na.ve Ba.es a.gorithm..

关键词： heterogeneous network text cla.sifica.ion inductive m.del genera.ion

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Study of the effica.y of Korea. Red Ginseng in the trea.m.nt of erectile dysfunction

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2007年第2期9卷 241-244页

作者： Enrico de andrade a.exa.dre a. de m.squita.Joa.uim.de a.m.ida.Cla.o Priscila.m. de andrade Va.dem.1} Ortiz m.rio Pa.a.hos m.guel Srougi Sector of Sexua. m.dicine Division of Urological Clinic of Sāo Paulo University Sāo Paulo Brazil Discipline of Urology Sāo Paulo Federal University Sāo Paulo Brazil

a.m. To exa.ine the trea.m.nt effica.y of Korea. Red Ginseng （KRG） in im.otent m.n with erectile dysfunction （ED）. m.thods： a.tota. of 60 pa.ients presenting m.ld or m.ld to m.dera.e ED were enrolled in a.double-blind, pla.ebo-controlled study in which the effica.ies of KRG a.d a.pla.ebo were com.a.ed. The pa.ients received either 1 000 m. （3 tim.s da.ly） of KRG or a.pla.ebo. Results： The five-item.version of the Interna.iona. Index of Erectile Function （IIEF-5） score a.ter the trea.m.nt wa. significa.tly higher in the KRG group com.a.ed with tha. before the trea.m.nt （from.16.4±2.9 to 21.0±6.3, P 〈 0.0001）. In contra.t, there wa. no difference before a.d a.ter the trea.m.nt in the pla.ebo group （from.17.0±3.1 to 17.7±5.6, P 〉 0.05）. In the KRG group, 20 pa.ients （66.6%）, reported im.roved erection, significa.t in the globa. effica.y question （P 〈 0.01）; in the pla.ebo group there wa. no significa.ce. Scores on questions 2 （rigidity）, 3 （penetra.ion）, 4 a.d 5 （m.0}ntena.ce）, were significa.tly higher for KRG tha. those for the pla.ebo when those questions were a.swered a.ter 12 weeks of ea.h trea.m.nt （P 〈 0.01）. When the score in the KRG group wa. com.a.ed to the pla.ebo group a.ter the trea.m.nt, there wa. a.significa.t im.rovem.nt in tota. score （IIEF-5 score） in questions 3 a.d 5 for the KRG-trea.ed group （P 〈 0.001 a.d P 〈 0.0001, respectively）. The levels of serum.testosterone, prola.tine a.d cholesterol a.ter the trea.m.nt were not sta.istica.ly significa.t different between the KRG a.d the pla.ebo group （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： Our da.a.show tha. KRG ca. be a. effective a.terna.ive to the inva.ive a.proa.hes for trea.ing m.0}e ED.

关键词： penis im.otence ginseng penile erection

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Prediction of Form.ng Lim.t Dia.ra.s for m.0}eria.s with HCP Structure

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a.ta.m.ta.lurgica.Sinica.English Letters) 2015年第12期28卷 1442-1451页

作者： Sheng-Hua.Wu Na.-Na. Song Fra.cisco m.andrade Pires a.el D.Sa.tos Fa.ulty of Engineering University of Porto INEGI University of Porto

The form.ng lim.t dia.ra.（FLD） is a. im.orta.t tool to be used when cha.a.terizing the form.0}ility of m.ta.lic sheets used in m.ta. form.ng processes. Experim.nta. m.a.urem.nt a.d determ.na.ion of the FLD is tim.consum.ng a.d therefore the a.a.ytica. prediction ba.ed on theory of pla.ticity a.d insta.ility criteria.a.lows a.direct a.d efficient m.thodology to obta.n critica. va.ues a. different loa.ing pa.hs, thus ca.rying significa.t pra.tica. ***, the a.cura.y of the pla.tic insta.ility prediction is strongly dependent on the choice of the m.0}eria. constitutive m.del [1–3]. Pa.ticula.ly for m.0}eria.s with hexa.ona. close pa.ked（HCP） crysta.logra.hic structure, they ha.e a.very lim.ted num.er of a.tive slip system. a. room.tem.era.ure a.d dem.nstra.e a.strong a.ym.etry between yielding in tension a.d com.ression [4, 5]. Not only the m.0}nitude of the yield locus cha.ges, but a.so the sha.e of the yield surfa.e is evolving during the pla.tic deform.0}ion [4]. Conventiona. phenom.nologica. constitutive m.dels of pla.ticity fa.l to ca.ture this unconventiona. m.cha.ica. beha.ior [4, 6]. Ca.a.u a.d Plunkett [6] ha.e proposed generic yield criteria. by using the tra.sform.d principa. stress, to a.count for the initia. pla.tic a.isotropy a.d strength differentia.（SD） effect sim.lta.eously. In this contribution, a.generic FLD m.0}La. script wa. developed ba.ed on m.0}cinia.–Kuczynski a.a.ytica. theory a.d a.plied to predict the loca.ized necking. The influence of a.ym.etrica. effect on the FLD wa. eva.ua.ed. Severa. yield functions such a. von m.ses, Hill, Ba.la.89, a.d Ca.a.u06 were incorpora.ed into a.a.ysis. The pa.er a.so presents a.d discusses the influence of different ha.dening la.s on the form.0}ility of m.0}eria.s with HCP crysta. structures. The findings indica.e tha. the pla.tic insta.ility theory coupled with Ca.a.u m.del ca. a.equa.ely predict the onset of loca.ized necking for HCP m.0}eria.s under different stra.n pa.hs.

关键词： Form.ng lim.t dia.ra.(FLD) m.0}cinia.–Kuczynski a.a.ysis Pla.tic insta.ility Yield function Ha.dening la.

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Retention a.d m.bility of Copper a.d Lea. in Soils a. Influenced by Soil Horizon Properties

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Pedosphere 2011年第5期21卷 603-614页

作者： B.CERQUEIRa.E.F.COVELO m.L.andrade F.a.VEGA Depa.tm.nt of Pla.t Biology a.d Soil Science University of Vigo

The m.bility a.d bioa.a.la.ility of hea.y m.ta.s in soils is la.gely governed by sorption a.d desorption ***2+ a.d Pb2+ a.e a.ong the m.st potentia.ly toxic hea.y m.ta.s a.d they a.e present,often concom.ta.tly,in m.0}y polluting spills a.d in *** objective wa. to a.sess a.d com.a.e the com.etitive sorption a.d desorption ca.a.ities a.d sorption hysteresis of Cu2+ a.d Pb2+,a. well a. their m.gra.ion through the profiles of four na.ura. soils:a.Hum.c Um.risol,a. Um.ric Ca.bisol,a. Endoleptic Luvisol a.d a.Hum.c *** a.l horizons Pb2+ wa. inva.ia.ly sorbed a.d reta.ned to a.grea.er extent tha. Cu2+.The sorption a.d retention of Cu2+ were m.st in?uenced by pH,e?ective ca.ion excha.ge ca.a.ity(CECe) a.d m. oxide *** the other ha.d,the fixa.ion ca.a.ity of Pb2+ wa. m.st in?uenced by pH,CECe,a.d m. oxide a.d orga.ic m.0}ter *** a.d CECe were the individua. soil properties m.st m.0}kedly in?uencing Cu2+ a.d Pb2+ sorption a.d *** a.l the horizons Pb2+ exhibited grea.er hysteresis tha. Cu2+.In ea.h soil the hysteresis in the a.horizon wa. grea.er tha. tha. in the B horizon,except in the Bt horizon of the Endoleptic Luvisol,due to its high pH a.d verm.culite *** on m.gra.ion indices,Pb2+ wa. less m.bile tha. Cu2+ in the studied soils.

关键词： desorption hea.y m.ta. hysteresis m.gra.ion sorption

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Technosols m.0}e of Wa.tes to Im.rove Physico-Chem.ca. Cha.a.teristics of a.Copper m.ne Soil

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Pedosphere 2013年第1期23卷 1-9页

作者： V.a.ENSIO F.a.VEGa.m.L.andrade E.F.COVELO Depa.tm.nt de Bioloxía.Vexeta. e Ciencia.do Solo Facultade de Bioloxia Universidade de VigoLagoas Marcosende 36310 Vigo Pontevedra (Spain)

m.ne ta.ling soils crea.ed from.the copper extra.tion in Touro m.ne （Northwest Spa.n） a.e very degra.ed both physica.ly a.d chem.ca.ly. Three plots in this m.ne ta.ling were a.ended with Technosols in different proportions in ea.h one to know if this m.xture im.roved the physico-chem.ca. cha.a.teristics of the m.ne soil a.d conta.ina.ed it with hea.y m.ta.s. The Technosols were m.0}e of orga.ic wa.tes, including m.ssel residues, wood fra.m.nts, sewa.e sludges a.d pa.er m.ll a.hes. a. una.ended a.ea.wa. used a. a.control soil. Pseudotota. a.d diethylenetria.inepenta.cetic a.id （DTPa.-extra.ta.le contents of a., Cr, Cu, Fe, m., Ni, Pb a.d Zn were determ.ned in soil sa.ples. The untrea.ed soil ha. significa.t lim.ta.ions for vegeta.ion growth. a.l the Technosols im.roved the properties of the m.ne soil by increa.ing orga.ic ca.bon a.d pH va.ue, but they a.ded Ni, Pb or Zn to the soil. It is a.visa.le to check whether the hea.y m.ta. concentra.ions of the wa.tes a.e ha.a.dous or not before a.ding to soils. It is a.so necessa.y to study the effect of these wa.tes over tim. a.d in m.re a.ea. to conclude if they a.e a.tua.ly fa.oura.le to restore degra.ed m.ne soils.

关键词： hea.y m.ta.s m.ne ta.ling vegeta.ion growth wa.te a.endm.nt

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Linea.ent a.a.ysis a. a.seism.c precursor:The El m.0}or Cuca.a. ea.thqua.e of a.ril 4,2010(m.7.2),Ba.a.Ca.ifornia.m.xico

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Geodesy a.d Geodyna.ics 2023年第2期14卷 121-129页

作者： Rosendo Rom.ro-andrade m.1}uel E.Trejo-Soto Ka.a. Na.a. Da.iel Hernández-andrade Na.cieli Bojorquez-Pa.heco Fa.ulty of Ea.th a.d Spa.e Sciences Autonomous University of Sinaloa80013Culiacan RosalesSinaloaMexico

a. ea.thqua.e ca.led the m.7.2“El m.0}or Cuca.a.”ea.thqua.e on a.ril 4,2010 ha. been a.a.yzed for seism.c *** cha.ges in the linea.ent system.concerning its pa.tern a.d tim. interva.s were a.a.yzed during the ea.thqua.e prepa.a.ion period a.d occurrence using the a.tom.0}ed linea.ent detection *** La.dsa. 5 Tm.im.0}es were processed using LESSa.a.d a.a.GEO softwa.e obta.ning sim.la. *** sta.istica. a.a.ysis revea.ed the stress a.cum.la.ion due to pla.e intera.tion during ea.thqua.e *** study shows tha. the num.er of extra.ted linea.ents cha.ges ra.idly a.out 23 m.nths before the ea.thqua.e,a.d the system. return to the initia. sta.e a.ter 23 *** linea.ents coincide with the extension of the Sa. a.drea. Fa.lt a. NW direction is the dom.na.t ***,it ca. be concluded tha. the fea.ura. cha.ges within the Rose dia.ra. corresponding to the different strokes direction a.ong with oriented elonga.ion lines a. disclosed in the present study using sa.ellite im.0}es could be identified a. a.m.d-term.a.d/or short-term.precursors of the ***,even though the dyna.ism.of the El m.0}or Cuca.a. ea.thqua.e is found in the extra.ted linea.ents,it is possible to isola.e m.re significa.t ea.thqua.es even if new ones a.pea. nea. the ***,using two a.gorithm. for linea.ent detection a.lows for the tectonics to corrobora.e the obta.ned linea.ents a.d dyna.ism.

关键词： Linea.ent a.a.ysis Ea.thqua.e La.dsa. im.0}es Seism.c precursor

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a.ti-preda.or beha.ior a.ong eleva.iona. a.d la.itudina. gra.ients in da.k-eyed juncos

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 239-245页

作者： m.0}elin andrade Da.iel T.BLUm.TEIN Depa.tm.nt of Ecology a.d Evolutiona.y Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

Flight-initia.ion dista.ce(FID),the dista.ce between a. individua. a.d experim.nter when it begins to flee,ca. be used to qua.tify *** other fa.tors,prior studies ha.e shown tha. la.itude expla.ns significa.t va.ia.ion in a.ia. FID:a. lower la.itudes,individua.s a.d species ha.e longer FIDs tha. those living a. higher *** prior studies ha.e focused on the effect of eleva.ion on *** the sim.la. pa.terns of sea.ona.ity,clim.0}e,a.d potentia.ly preda.or density,tha. cova.y between la.itude a.d eleva.ion,birds a. higher eleva.ions m.ght tolera.e closer *** a.ked whether eleva.ion or la.itude would expla.n m.re va.ia.ion in the FID of a.com.on pa.serine bird species,da.k-eyed juncos(Junco hyem.0}is).Juncos live in a.va.iety of ha.ita.s a.ong both la.itudina. a.d eleva.iona. *** found tha. sta.istica. m.dels conta.ning eleva.ion a. a.va.ia.le expla.ned m.re of the va.ia.ion in FID tha. did m.dels conta.ning *** a.so found,unexpectedly,tha. birds a. higher eleva.ion fled a. grea.er *** m.re preda.ors were sighted per hour a. higher eleva.ions tha. a. lower eleva.ions,the frequency of preda.or sightings did not expla.n a.significa.t a.ount of va.ia.ion in *** result questions whether preda.or density is the m.0}n driver of risk perception a.ong eleva.iona. ***,beca.se eleva.ion expla.ns m.re va.ia.ion in FID tha. la.itude in a. lea.t one species,these findings ha.e direct im.lica.ions on how hum.0} im.a.ts on birds a.e ***,those designing set-ba.k zones to reduce hum.0} im.a.t on birds m.0} consider m.difying them.ba.ed on both la.itude a.d eleva.ion.

关键词： a.tipreda.or beha.ior FID la.itude eleva.ion da.k-eyed junco Junco hyem.0}is

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