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Clean Energy 2021年第2期5卷 375-386页

作者： theofany harley chriswardana Yheni Mulyaningsih Yhana Mulyaningsih Aditiya Harjon Bahar Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and TechnologySampoerna UniversityJl.Raya Pasar MingguKav.16Jakarta12780Indonesia Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Teknologi SumateraLampung35365Indonesia

As one way to eliminate the issues found in the preceding generation,feedstock exploration in second-generation bioethanol production remains an issue,especially for a tropical country such as *** exotic fruit by-products,durian holds a promising perspective that rests on its abundance,superb carbohydrate content and limited usage until *** work presents the first-ever utilization of durian seeds for sugar production under optimized conditions through alkaline hydrolysis.A simple form of sugar was extracted by varying four parameters,namely substrate loading,NaOH concentration,hydrolysis time and hydrolysis *** surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken design was employed to outline the most optimum parameter *** of variance revealed that the quadratic model fit the data appropriately with the order of significance as substrate loading>hydrolysis time>NaOH concentration>hydrolysis *** optimized conditions for reducing sugar yield,as high as 2.140 g/L,corresponded to<50 g/L substrate loading,0.522 M NaOH,60 minutes of hydrolysis time and 80oC hydrolysis *** possible ethanol content of 1.094 g/L was also expected under optimized conditions,demonstrating great potential in second-generation bioethanol production.

关键词： second-generation bioethanol durian seeds alkaline hydrolysis optimization response surface methodology(RSM) Box-Behnken design(BBD) reducing sugar ethanol content

Performance of generative pre-trained transformers (GPTs) in Certification Examination of the College of Family Physicians of Canada

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S01期12卷 12-19页

作者： Mehdi Mousavi Shabnam Shafiee Jason M harley Jackie Chi Kit Cheung Samira Abbasgholizadeh Rahimi Department of Family Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SaskatchewanNipawinSaskatchewanCanada Department of Family Medicine Saskatchewan Health AuthorityRiverside Health ComplexTurtlefordSaskatchewanCanada Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre MontrealQuebecCanada Institute for Health Sciences Education Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada McGill University School of Computer Science MontrealQuebecCanada CIFAR AI Chair Mila-Quebec AI InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada Department of Family Medicine McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Mila Quebec AI-Institute MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Dentistry Medicine and Oral Health Sciences McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research Jewish General HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada

Introduction The application of large language models such as generative pre-trained transformers(GPTs)has been promising in medical education,and its performance has been tested for different medical *** study aims to assess the performance of GPTs in responding to a set of sample questions of short-answer management problems(SAMPs)from the certification exam of the College of Family Physicians of Canada(CFPC).Method Between August 8th and 25th,2023,we used GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in five rounds to answer a sample of 77 SAMPs questions from the CFPC *** independent certified family physician reviewers scored AI-generated responses twice:first,according to the CFPC answer key(ie,CFPC score),and second,based on their knowledge and other references(ie,Reviews’score).An ordinal logistic generalised estimating equations(GEE)model was applied to analyse repeated measures across the five *** According to the CFPC answer key,607(73.6%)lines of answers by GPT-3.5 and 691(81%)by GPT-4 were deemed ***’s scoring suggested that about 84%of the lines of answers provided by GPT-3.5 and 93%of GPT-4 were *** GEE analysis confirmed that over five rounds,the likelihood of achieving a higher CFPC Score Percentage for GPT-4 was 2.31 times more than GPT-3.5(OR:2.31;95%CI:1.53 to 3.47;p<0.001).Similarly,the Reviewers’Score percentage for responses provided by GPT-4 over 5 rounds were 2.23 times more likely to exceed those of GPT-3.5(OR:2.23;95%CI:1.22 to 4.06;p=0.009).Running the GPTs after a one week interval,regeneration of the prompt or using or not using the prompt did not significantly change the CFPC score *** In our study,we used GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to answer complex,open-ended sample questions of the CFPC exam and showed that more than 70%of the answers were accurate,and GPT-4 outperformed GPT-3.5 in responding to the *** language models such as GPTs seem promising for assisting candidates of the CFPC exam by pr

关键词： Canada prompt education

Evaluating implicit gender bias at Canadian otolaryngology meetings through use of professional title

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 12-17页

作者： Kylen Van Osch Agnieszka Dzioba Khadija Ahmed Andrew MacDonald Jamila Skinner harley Williams Julie E.Strychowsky M.Elise Graham Department of Otolaryngology-Head&Neck Surgery Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada Department of Otolaryngology London Health Sciences Centre Children's HospitalLondonOntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine Schulich School of Medicine&DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada

Objectives:Increasing numbers of women enter medical school *** number of female physicians in leadership positions has been much slower to *** are also well‐documented differences in the treatment of women as compared to men in professional *** presenters are less likely to be introduced by their professional title(“Doctor”)for grand rounds and conferences,especially with a man performing the *** study reviewed the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery(CSOHNS)meetings from 2017 to 2020 to determine the proportion of presenters introduced by their professional title and whether this varied by ***:Recordings from CSOHNS meetings were reviewed and coded for introducer and presenter demographics,including leadership positions and ***‐squared tests of proportion and multivariate logistic regression was used to compare genders and identify factors associated with professional versus unprofessional forms of ***:No significant association was found between professional title use and introducer or presenter *** presenters were introduced with professional title 69.6%of the time,while male presenters were introduced with professional title 67.6%of the time(P=0.69).Residents were introduced with a professional title with the most frequency(75.8%),while attending staff were introduced with a professional title with the least frequency(63.0%)(P=0.02).Conclusions:The lack of gender bias in speaker introductions at recent CSOHNS meetings demonstrates progress in achieving gender equity in *** efforts should continue to define additional forms of unconscious bias that may be contributing to gender inequity in leadership positions.

关键词： attitude of health personnel gender identity Otolaryngology women

Unstructured kinetic models to simulate an arabinose switch that decouples cell growth from metabolite production

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第3期5卷 222-229页

作者： harley Edwards Peng Xu Department of Chemical Biochemical and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA

Modeling synthetic gene circuits to implement dynamic flux balancing is crucial in teaching and exploring metabolic engineering strategies to repartition metabolic precursors and construct efficient microbial cell *** fitness and production rates are often complex phenotypes that are governed by highly nonlinear,multivariable functions which are intrinsically linked through carbon *** solution of such dynamic system can be difficult for synthetic biologists to visualize or ***,researchers(Santala et al.,***.,2018)have implemented an arabinose based genetic switch to dynamically partition the central carbon flux between cell growth and product *** autonomous switch allowed dynamic shift from arabinose-associated cell growth to acetate-associated product(wax ester)*** system clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of using a genetic switch to decouple cell growth from product formation in a one-pot bioreactor to minimize operational *** with Michaelis-Menten kinetics,and Luedeking-Piret equations,we were able to reconstruct and analyze this metabolic switch in silica and achieved graphical solutions that qualitatively match with the experimental *** assessing physiologically-accessible parameter space,we observed a wide range of dynamic behavior and examined the different limiting *** solutions for this dynamic system can be viewed simultaneously and resolved in real time via buttons on the graphical user interface(GUI).Metabolic bottlenecks in the system can be accurately predicted by varying the respective rate *** GUI serves as a diagnosis toolkit to troubleshoot genetic circuits design constraints and as an interactive workflow of using this arabinose based genetic switch to dynamically control carbon flux,which may provide a valuable computational toolbox for metabolic engineers and synthetic biologists to simulate and understand complex genetic-metabol

关键词： Metabolic switches Biophysical models Dynamic control Metabolic engineering Central carbon flux Intelligent biomanufacturing Green chemistry

Regulation of the SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 Module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWISE and POUND-FOOLISH in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1123-1132页

作者： Shruti Lal Leo Bryan Pacis harley M.S. Smith Genetics Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The morphology of inflorescences is regulated in part by the temporal and spatial events that regulate flower specification. In Arabidopsis, an endogenous flowering time pathway mediated by a subset of SQUAMOSA PROMOTER- BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE （SPL） transcription factors, including SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5, function to specify flowers by activating floral meristem identity genes. During shoot development, SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA156 （miR156）. The photoperiod regulated florigenic signal, FLOWERING LOCUS T （FT）, promotes floral induction, in part by activating SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5. In turn, these SPLs function in parallel with FT to specify flower meristems. Two related BELLl-like homeobox genes PENNYWISE （PNY） and POUND-FOOLISH （PNF） expressed in the shoot apical meristem are absolutely required for the specification of floral meristems. Genetic studies show that the floral specification function of FT depends upon PNYand PNF; however, the interplay between these homeodomain proteins and SPLs is not known. In this manuscript, we show that the photoperiodic floral induction of SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 is dependent upon PNY and PNE Further, PNY and PNF also control SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 expression by negatively regulating miR156. Lastly, ectopic expres- sion of SPL4 partially rescues the pny pnf non-flower-producing phenotype, while overexpression of SPL3 or SPL5 in pny pnf plants was unable to restore flower specification. These results suggest that：（1） SPL3, SPL4, and SPL5 function is dependent upon PNY and PNF, or （2） expression of multiple SPLs is required for floral specification in pny pnf plants.

关键词： Development meristem homeodomain flowering microRNA.

Out of step： The function of TALE homeodomain transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem maintenance and meristem identity

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第2期7卷 144-154页

作者： Shang WU harley M. S. SMITH Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiverside CA 92521 USA

The indeterminate growth pattern displayed by shoots is mediated by the proper maintenance of the shoot meristem. Meristem maintenance is dependent upon the balance of stem cell perpetuation in the central zone （CZ） and organogenesis in the peripheral zone （PZ）. Although the mechanisms that coordinate CZ and PZ function is not understood, meristem cell fate is likely achieved by the spatial interplay between gene regulatory networks and hormone signaling pathways. During shoot maturation, the identity of the shoot meristem as well as the lateral organs are transformed during the vegetative and reproductive transitions. Studies in model plant systems indicate that three amino acid extension （TALE） homeodomain proteins integrate signaling events that transform the identity of the shoot meristem and establish reproductive patterns of growth. This review will highlight the function of TALE homeodomain transcription factors that regulate shoot meristem cell fate and also function with phase specific regulators to maintain shoot meristem identity.

关键词： shoot development meristem flowering patterning homeodomain

Functional phenotypes of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells of relevance to its genetic and epigenetic associations with HIV infection

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第7期17卷 680-681页

作者： Dusanka S.Skundric harley Y.Tse Paul C.Montgomery Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyWayne State UniversitySchool of MedicineDetroitMIUSA

The article by Kulkarni et *** a description of some genetic and epigenetic interactions that determine the functional phenotypes of the chemokine receptor CCR5,which is critical to human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)infection.1 Significant advances in the genetic regulation of human diseases have been made through the use of genome-wide association studies(GWASs)over the past several *** daunting task of elucidating the cellular pathways that are critical to human disease regulation remains for many disease-associated coding genetic variants.

关键词： CCR5 epigenetic al.

Antidiabetic effect of Chrysophyllum albidum is mediated by enzyme inhibition and enhancement of glucose uptake via 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020年第9期10卷 387-396页

作者： Benjamin Kingsley harley Rita Akosua Dickson Isaac Kingsley Amponsah Robert A Ngala Dorice Berkoh Theophilus Christian Fleischer Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicine School of PharmacyUniversity of Health and Allied SciencesHoGhana Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Molecular Medicine School of Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Basic and Applied Biology School of SciencesUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana

Objective:To investigate the in vivo and in vitro antidiabetic potential of Chrysophyllum ***:The effects of oral treatment with hydro-ethanolic extract(125,250 and 500 mg/kg)of the stem bark of Chrysophyllum albidum and glibenclamide for 21 d on glucose level,serum enzyme markers for liver function,lipid profile,total protein,serum urea,serum creatinine,and body weight were evaluated in experimental diabetic rats administered with 45 mg/kg of *** vitro assays including glucose uptake in C2 C12 cells and 3 T3-L1 adipose tissues,α-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were employed to evaluate the possible mechanism of hypoglycemic action of the *** and nitric oxide radical antioxidant activity of the extract was also ***:The increased levels of blood glucose,triglycerides,lowdensity lipoprotein,total cholesterol,serum aspartate,and alanine transaminases,creatinine,and urea in the diabetic animals were reduced significantly(P<0.01)after treatment with Chrysophyllum albidum *** decreased total protein and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were normalized after *** addition,the extract significantly(P<0.01)increased the transport of glucose in 3 T3-L1 cells and C2 C12 myotubes and exhibited considerable potential to inhibitα-amylase andα-*** also demonstrated potent antioxidant action by scavenging considerably DPPH and nitric oxide ***:Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark extract exhibits considerable antidiabetic effect by stimulating glucose uptake and utilization in C2 C12 myotubes and 3 T3-L1 adipocytes as well as inhibiting the activities ofα-amylase andα-glucosidase.

关键词： Antidiabetic C2C12 myotubes α-glucosidase inhibition α-amylase inhibition Glucose uptake Chrysophyllum albidum

Nutritional care in hospitalized patients with chronic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第45期21卷 12835-12842页

作者： Dep K Huynh Shane P Selvanderan Hugh AJ harley Richard H Holloway Nam Q Nguyen Discipline of Medicine University of Adelaide North Terrace Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace

AIM: To evaluate the practice of nutritional assessment and management of hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and the impact of malnutrition on their clinical ***: This was a retrospective cohort study on patients with liver cirrhosis consecutively admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at the Royal Adelaide Hospital over 24 mo. Details were gathered related to the patients' demographics, disease severity, nutritional status and assessment, biochemistry and clinical outcomes. Nutritional status was assessed by a dietician and determined by subjective global assessment. Estimated energy and protein requirements were calculated by Simple Ratio Method. Intake was estimated from dietary history and/or food charts, and represented as a percentage of estimated daily requirements. Median duration of follow up was 14.9(0-41.4) mo. RESULTS: Of the 231 cirrhotic patients(167 male, age: 56.3 ± 0.9 years, 9% Child-Pugh A, 42% ChildPugh B and 49% Child-Pugh C), 131(57%) had formal nutritional assessment during their admission and 74(56%) were judged to have malnutrition. In-hospitalcaloric(15.6 ± 1.2 kcal/kg vs 23.7 ± 2.3 kcal/kg, P = 0.0003) and protein intake(0.65 ± 0.06 g/kg vs 1.01 ± 0.07 g/kg, P = 0.0003) was significantly reduced in patients with malnutrition. Of the malnourished cohort, 12(16%) received enteral nutrition during hospitalisation and only 6(8%) received ongoing dietetic review and assessment following discharge from hospital. The overall mortality was 51%, and was higher in patients with malnutrition compared to those without(HR = 5.29, 95%CI: 2.31-12.1; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Malnutrition is common in hospitalised patients with cirrhosis and is associated with higher mortality. Formal nutritional assessment, however, is inadequate. This highlights the need for meticulous nutritional evaluation and management in these patients.

关键词： Liver cirrhosis Nutrition assessment Mortality Mal

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浅谈HTPC相箱选购

微型计算机 2008年第9期28卷 131-133页

作者： harley

事实上，HTPC可看作家庭影院的一部分，它也是小型化，家电化的客厅电脑。与传统台式电脑相比。HTPC具备小巧，低噪音等特点，更加注重多媒体影音方面的功能。由于HTPC本身不宜体积过于庞大，因此选择适合的HTPC机箱，成为组建HTPC的重... 详细信息

事实上，HTPC可看作家庭影院的一部分，它也是小型化，家电化的客厅电脑。与传统台式电脑相比。HTPC具备小巧，低噪音等特点，更加注重多媒体影音方面的功能。由于HTPC本身不宜体积过于庞大，因此选择适合的HTPC机箱，成为组建HTPC的重点，毕竟HTPC机箱和传统立式机箱相比，着实不同。

关键词： HTPC 选购相箱台式电脑 PC机箱多媒体影音家庭影院立式机箱