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Electrochemical Analysis of Zirconiumin Aqueous and Organic Media

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第2期15卷 99-118页

作者： Paul Mendy Démo Koita theodore Tzedakis Cheikhou Kane Codou Guèye Mar-Diop Ecole supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta DIOP Dakar Sénégal Laboratoire de Génie Chimique Université de Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

For the challenging nature of the zirconium environment analysis, this study consists to analyze the electrochemical behavior of Zirconium in both aqueous and organic media. To that end first the electrolytic media was selected on the basis of the Pourbaix potential-pH diagram, which provides informations on the predominance of Zrsup>(IV) sup> ion and Zr in aqueous media. In aqueous media, analyzes were first carried out in acidic media then in basic media. studies have thus revealed that the acidic environment is not favourable for the electrochemical analysis of zirconium. Voltammograms obtained in an acidic environment show no zirconium detection signal;this is due to the strong presence of Hsup>+sup> ions in the solution. We have also observed in acidic media the phenomenon of passivation of the electrode surface. In aqueous alkaline media (pH = 13), we have drawn in reduction several Intensity-Potential curves by fixingsome technical parameterslike scanning speed, rotation speed of the electrode. The obtained voltammograms show cathodic waves, starting from -1.5 V/DHW and attributed to the reduction of Zrsup> (IV) sup> to Zr (0). The last phase of this study focused on the electrochemical analysis of zirconium in an organic media. In this media, several intensity-potential curves were plotted in reduction and in cyclic voltammetry with various parameters. Through several reduction analysis, the Zrsup> (IV) sup> was reduced to Zr (0) to the potential of -1.5 V/DHW. The electrochemical analysis of zirconium in organic media seems globally easier to achieve thanks to its large solvent window (i.e. dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent window > 6 V).

关键词： Zirconium Electrochemical Reduction Cyclic Voltammetry Voltammogram Dymethylformamide

On resolution to Wu's conjecture on Cauchy function's exterior singularities

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Acta Mechanica sinica 2011年第3期27卷 309-317页

作者： theodore Yaotsu Wu California Institute of Technology

This is a series of studies on Wu＇s conjecture and on its resolution to be presented herein. Both are devoted to expound all the comprehensive properties of Cauchy＇s function f（z）（z = x ＋ iy） and its integral J[f（z）]≡（2πi）-∮cf（t）（t-z）-1dt taken along the unit circle as contour C,inside which（the open domain D＋） f（z） is regular but has singularities distributed in open domain Doutside C. Resolution is given to the inverse problem that the singularities of f（z） can be determined in analytical form in terms of the values f（t） of f（z） numerically prescribed on C（｜t｜ = 1） ,as so enunciated by Wu＇s conjecture. The case of a single singularity is solved using complex algebra and analysis to acquire the solution structure for a standard reference. Multiple singularities are resolved by reducing them to a single one by elimination in principle,for which purpose a general asymptotic method is developed here for resolution to the conjecture by induction,and essential singularities are treated with employing the generalized Hilbert transforms. These new methods are applicable to relevant problems in mathematics,engineering and technology in analogy with resolving the inverse problem presented here.

关键词： Keywords Cauchy function. singularity distribution . Wu's conjecture - Resolution by induction

Performance analysis of silicon nanowire transistors considering effective oxide thickness of high-k gate dielectric

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Journal of semiconductors 2014年第4期35卷 48-51页

作者： s.theodore Chandra N.B.Balamurugan National Instruments Electronics Laboratory Department of ECE Thiagarajar College of Engineering

We have analyzed the effective oxide thickness （EOT） of the dielectric material for which we have optimum performance and the output characteristics of the silicon nanowire transistors by replacing the traditional si02 gate insulator with a material that has a much higher dielectric constant （high-k） gate, materials like si3N4, Al2O3, Y2O3 and HfO2. We have also analyzed the channel conductance, the effect of a change in thickness, the average velocity of the charge carrier and the conductance efficiency in order to study the performance of silicon nanowire transistors in the nanometer region. The analysis was performed using the Fettoy, a numerical simulator for ballistic nanowire transistors using a simple top of the barrier （Natori） approach, which is composed of several matlab scripts. Our results show that hafnium oxide （HfO2） gate insulator material provides good thermal stability, a high recrystallization temperature and better interface qualities when compared with other gate insulator materials; also the effective oxide thickness of lifO2 is found to be 0.4 nm.

关键词： high-k dielectric hafnium oxide silicon nanowire transistor effective oxide thickness

On the generalized Cauchy function and new Conjecture on its exterior singularities

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Acta Mechanica sinica 2011年第2期27卷 135-151页

作者： theodore Yaotsu Wu California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA

This article studies on Cauchy’s function f （z） and its integral, （2πi）J[ f （z）] ≡ ■C f （t）dt/（t z） taken along a closed simple contour C, in regard to their comprehensive properties over the entire z = x ＋ iy plane consisted of the simply connected open domain D ＋ bounded by C and the open domain D outside C. （1） With f （z） assumed to be C n （n ∞-times continuously differentiable） z ∈ D ＋ and in a neighborhood of C, f （z） and its derivatives f （n）（z） are proved uniformly continuous in the closed domain D ＋ = [D ＋＋ C]. （2） Cauchy’s integral formulas and their derivatives z ∈ D ＋（or z ∈ D ） are proved to converge uniformly in D ＋（or in D = [D ＋C]）, respectively, thereby rendering the integral formulas valid over the entire z-plane. （3） The same claims （as for f （z） and J[ f （z）]） are shown extended to hold for the complement function F（z）, defined to be C n z ∈ D and about C. （4） The uniform convergence theorems for f （z） and F（z） shown for arbitrary contour C are adapted to find special domains in the upper or lower half z-planes and those inside and outside the unit circle ｜z｜ = 1 such that the four general- ized Hilbert-type integral transforms are proved. （5） Further, the singularity distribution of f （z） in D is elucidated by considering the direct problem exemplified with several typ- ical singularities prescribed in D . （6） A comparative study is made between generalized integral formulas and Plemelj’s formulas on their differing basic properties. （7） Physical sig- nificances of these formulas are illustrated with applicationsto nonlinear airfoil theory. （8） Finally, an unsolved inverse problem to determine all the singularities of Cauchy function f （z） in domain D , based on the continuous numerical value of f （z） z ∈ D ＋ = [D ＋＋ C], is presented for resolution as a conjecture.

关键词： Uniform continuity of Cauchy’s function · Uni- form convergence of Cauchy’s integral formula · Generalized Hilbert-type integral transforms · Functional properties and singularity distributions

Directional neighbor discovery in mmWave wireless networks

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第1期7卷 1-15页

作者： Yu Wang Ticao Zhang shiwen Mao theodore(Ted)s.Rappaport Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL36849-5201USA NYU WIRELEss Center NYU Tandon School of EngineeringBrooklynNY11201USA

The directional neighbor discovery problem,i.e,spatial rendezvous,is a fundamental problem in millimeter wave(mmWave)wireless networks,where directional transmissions are used to overcome the high *** challenge is how to let the transmitter and the receiver beams meet in space under deafness caused by directional transmission and reception,where no control channel,prior information,and coordination are *** this paper,we present a Hunting based Directional Neighbor Discovery(HDND)scheme for ad hoc mmWave networks,where a node follows a unique sequence to determine its transmission or reception mode,and continuously r0-tates its directional beam to scan the neighborhood for other mmWave *** a rigorous analysis,we derive the conditions for ensured neighbor discovery,as well as a bound for the worst-case discovery time and the impact of *** validate the analysis with extensive simulations and demonstrate the superior perfor-mance of the proposed scheme over several baseline schemes.

关键词： Fifth generation(5G)wireless Beamforming spatial fltering Directional antenna Directional neighbor discovery Initial access Milimeter wave(mmWave)networks spatial rendezvous

Practical application of the neuroregenerative properties of ketamine: real world treatment experience

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第2期11卷 195-200页

作者： theodore A.Henderson Neuro-Luminance The Synaptic Space Neuro-Laser Foundation

While controversial, ketamine has emerged as an effective treatment for refractory depression. serial infusions have been performed 3 times per week, but our practical experience has challenged this precept concerning infusion frequency. Depression is associated with neuron loss, reduced synapse numbers, and dearborization of dendrites. Ketamine appears to potently induce mechanisms which reverse these neurodegenerative processes. Ketamine not only blocks the glutamate receptor, it activates eukaroyotic elongation factor 2（e EF2）. This, in turn, activates brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） protein synthesis. This is thought to underlie ketamine＇s enduring benefits. In addition, ketamine alters glycogen synthase kinase-3（GsK-3） phosphorylation, probably responsible for its rapid antidepressant effect. Notably, inhibition of the BDNF receptor does not block the immediate benefits of ketamine, but does prevent the enduring effects. Neuro-Luminance Ketamine Infusion Centers have been treating patients with serial ketamine infusions for over three years. Our methods differ from what is often reported, as we perform infusions only once per week and generally do not perform more than five infusions. Data from 100 patients showed that 80% of the patients responded. The baseline Quick Inventory of Depressive symptomatology-self Report（QIDs-sR） score was 17.8 ± 2.8. Responders to ketamine showed a drop in QIDs-sR score of 10.8 ± 3.5, while non-responders showed a 0.8 ± 1.8 change. Moreover, they often had persistent benefits over several months. Recently, it was proposed that psychotomimetic effects are necessary during a ketamine infusion to yield effective antidepressant benefits. Yet, only one patient in our clinic has experienced hallucinations in three years. Nevertheless, 80% of our patients show clinical improvement. Further studies of clinical methods for ketamine infusion therapy are encouraged.

关键词： Ketamine brain-derived neurotrophic factor infusion therapy depression safety

subthreshold behavior of AlInsb/Insb high electron mobility transistors

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第7期24卷 360-364页

作者： s.theodore Chandra N.B.Balamurugan G.Lakshmi Priya s.Manikandan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Thiagarajar College of Engineering

We propose a scaling theory for single gate Al In sb/In sb high electron mobility transistors（HEMTs） by solving the two-dimensional（2D） Poisson equation. In our model, the effective conductive path effect（ECPE） is taken into account to overcome the problems arising from the device scaling. The potential in the effective conducting path is developed and a simple scaling equation is derived. This equation is solved to obtain the minimum channel potential Φdeff,minand the new scaling factor α to model the subthreshold behavior of the HEMTs. The developed model minimizes the leakage current and improves the subthreshold swing degradation of the HEMTs. The results of the analytical model are verified by numerical simulation with a sentaurus TCAD device simulator.

关键词： scaling theory subthreshold behavior effective conducting path effect short channel effect

Fumarate hydratase:a new checkpoint of metabolic regulation in inflammatory macrophages

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signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第10期8卷 4421-4423页

作者： Aicha Jeridi theodore s.Kapellos Ali Onder Yildirim Comprehensive Pneumology Center(CPC) Institute of Lung Health and Immunity(LHI)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Helmholtz MunichMunichGermany Institute of Experimental Pneumology University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians UniversityMünchenGermany

A recent article published by Hooftman et al.1 in Nature identified a crucial function for fumarate hydratase(FH)in bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs).Pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of FH led to increased fumarate levels and downstream suppression of mitochondrial respiration implying the importance of cellular metabolic states and cytokine balance shift in innate immunity.

关键词： al. macrophages respiration

Pulse-burst laser-based 10kHz Thomson scattering measurements

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Plasma science and Technology 2019年第10期21卷 83-90页

作者： Zichen HE Cary sMITH Zhili ZHANG theodore M BIEWER Naibo JIANG Paul s HsU sukesh ROY Mechanical Aerospace and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 United States of America Fusion Energy Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TN 37931United States of America spectral Energies LLC Dayton OH 45431United States of America

Thomson scattering (Ts), as a popular and reliable diagnostic technique, has successfully measured electron temperatures and electron number densities of plasmas for many years. However, conventional Ts techniques using Nd:YAG lasers operate only at tens of hertz. Here, we present the development of a high-repetition-rate Ts instrument based on a high-speed, pulse-burst laser system to greatly increase the temporal resolution of measurements. successful instrument prototype testing was carried out by collecting Ts light from laboratory helium and argon plasmas at 10 kHz. Calibration of the instrument detection sensitivity using nitrogen/ oxygen rotational Raman scattering signal is also presented. Quantitative electron number densities and electron temperatures of the plasma were acquired at 10 kHz, for stable plasma discharges as, respectively,~0.9 eV and ~5.37×10^21 m^-3 for the argon plasma, and ~1 eV and ~6.5×10^21 m^-3 for the helium plasma.

关键词： Thomson scattering high-speed pulse-burst laser