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Modified chitosan hydrogels as drug delivery and tissue engineering systems:present status and applications

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2012年第5期2卷 439-449页

作者： Tapan kumar Giri Amrita thakur Amit Alexander Ajazuddin Hemant Badwaik Dulal Krishna Tripathi Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research KurudBhilai 491024India

Chitosan,a natural cationic polysaccharide,is prepared industrially by the hydrolysis of the aminoacetyl groups of chitin,a naturally available marine *** is a non-toxic,biocompatible and biodegradable polymer and has attracted considerable interest in a wide range of biomedical and pharmaceutical applications including drug delivery,cosmetics,and tissue *** primary hydroxyl and amine groups located on the backbone of chitosan are responsible for the reactivity of the polymer and also act as sites for chemical ***,chitosan has certain limitations for use in controlled drug delivery and tissue *** limitations can be overcome by chemical ***,modified chitosan hydrogels have gained importance in current research on drug delivery and tissue engineering *** paper reviews the general properties of chitosan,various methods of modification,and applications of modified chitosan hydrogels.

关键词： Modified chitosan Hydrogels Drug delivery Oral delivery of protein Tissue engineering

Customized Foot Orthosis Development by 3D Reconstruction of the CT Images

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Engineering（科研） 2012年第10期4卷 692-695页

作者： Sathish kumar Paul sudesh Sivarasu Lazar Mathew Biomedical Engineering Division SBST VIT University India Biomedical Engineering Division University of Cape Town South Africa ^PSG Tech Coimbatore India

Clinicians can provide a means to better distribute the pressure around the foot, and can also correct the biomechanics of the foot by using a customized shoe insole. If detected early enough, orthopedic insoles can correct or prevent further complications. In this study the 3 Dimensional (D) model of the foot was used to fabricate a customized orthosis. The Computed Tomography (CT) images of patient’s foot having no muscle weakness and joint restriction were acquired. The gray intensities corresponding to the bones of the foot from the CT images were 3 dimensionally reconstructed. The 3D model of the foot was then imported into the CAD Software. Boolean operations were carried out in between the 3D foot model and a solid rectangular surface to create a customized foot orthosis. The exact contours and shape of the subject’s foot was acquired using the computerized method of fabricating an orthosis. The novel idea described in this study support, automating the process of designing a customized orthosis with the impression got from the 3 dimensionally modeled feet, thereby reducing the modeling time considerably. The simple technique used in this process will help in giving comfort and stability to the patient’s feet while walking.

关键词： Customized Orthosis 3 Dimensional Foot Model Plantar Pressure

A comprehensive review on residual stresses in turning

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Advances in Manufacturing 2022年第2期10卷 287-312页

作者： Ammar H.Elsheikh S.Shanmugan T.Muthuramalingam Amrit kumar thakur F.A.Essa Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim Ahmed O.Mosleh Department of Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Facultyof EngineeringTanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Research Centre for Solar Energy Department of PhysicsKoneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramAndhra Pradesh 522502India Department of Mechatronics Engineering SRM Institute of Science and TechnologyChennai 603203India Department of Mechanical Engineering KPR Institute Engineering and TechnologyCoimbatoreTamilnaduIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh 33516Egypt Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinya 61519Egypt Shoubra Faculty of Engineering Benha UniversityBenhaEgypt

Residual stresses induced during turning processes can affect thequality and performance of machined products,depending on its direction and *** stresses can be highly detrimental as they can lead to creeping,fatigue,and stress corrosion *** final state of residual stresses in a workpiece depends on its material as well as the cutting-tool configuration such as tool geometry/coating,cooling and wear conditions,and process parameters including the cutting speed,depth-ofcut and ***,there have been disagreements in some literatures regarding influences of the abovementioned factors on residual stresses due to different cutting conditions,tool parameters and workpiece materials used in the specific *** review paper categorizes different methods in experimental,numerical and analytical approaches employed for determining induced residual stresses and their relationships with cutting conditions in a turning *** is presented for the effects of different cutting conditions and parameters on the final residual stresses state.

关键词： Residual stresses Machining Turning:Process parameters

The growth of biopolymers and natural earthen sources as membrane/separator materials for microbial fuel cells:A comprehensive review

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第5期80卷 402-431,I0010页

作者： Gowthami Palanisamy Sadhasivam Thangarasu Ranjith kumar Dharman Chandrashekar S.Patil thakur Prithvi Pal Singh Negi Mahaveer D.Kurkuri Ranjith Krishna Pai Tae Hwan Oh School of Chemical Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan 38541Republic of Korea Centre for Research in Functional Materials(CRFM) JAIN(Deemed-to-be University)Jain Global CampusBengaluru 562112KarnatakaIndia Technology Mission Division-(Energy&Water) Department of Science and Technology(DST)Ministry of Science and Technology-Govt.of IndiaNew Delhi 110016India

Microbial fuel cell(MFC)technology has emerged as an effective solution for energy insecurity and ***,identifying suitable components(particularly separators or membranes)with the required properties,such as low cost and high performance,remains challenging and restricts practical *** membranes,such as Nafion,exhibit excellent performance in ***,these membranes have high production costs,which considerably increase the overall MFC unit cell *** the numerous types,the separators or membranes developed from biopolymers and naturally occurring earthen sources have proven to be a novel and efficient concept due to their natural abundance,cost-effectiveness(approximately$20 m^(-2),$5 m^(-2),and$1 kg-1for biopolymers,ceramics,and earthensources,respectively),structural properties,proton transportation,manufacturing and modification ease,and environmental *** this review,we emphasize cost-effective renewable green materials(biopolymers,bio-derived materials,and naturally occurring soil,clay,ceramics or minerals)for MFC applications for the first *** with good thermal,mechanical,and water retention properties,sustainability,and environmental friendliness,such as cellulose and chitosan,are typically ***,the modification or introduction of various functional groups in biopolymers to enhance their functional properties and scale MFC power density is ***,separator/membrane development using various bio-sources(such as coconut shells,banana peels,chicken feathers,and tea waste ash)is ***,naturally occurring sources such as clay,montmorillonite,and soils(including red,black,rice-husk,and Kalporgan soil)for MFC were *** conclusion,the existing gap in MFC technology was filled by providing recommendations for future aspects based on the barriers in cost,environment,and characteristics.

关键词： Biomembrane Bioseparator Microbial fuel cell Energy harvesting Bioenergy Wastewater treatment

ER<i>β</i>interacting protein ERAP 140 shows age dependent alteration in its interaction and expression in male mouse brain

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2013年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Vijay Paramanik Mahendra kumar thakur Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Centre of Advanced Study Department of Zoology Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India

Estrogen mediates multiple functions in the brain through the interaction of estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ with a host of nuclear proteins that regulate specific gene transcription. We have identified ERAP 140, AIB 1, Trk A, Src, pCREB and CREB as ERβ interacting proteins in the mouse brain. Earlier we showed that the interaction of ERβ with ERAP 140 decreased whereas its expression increased with aging in the brain of female mice. Here we report that the pattern of interaction and expression is different in male mice as compared to females. The interaction of ERAP 140 with ERβ decreased in adult male mouse brain as compared to young and remained almost similar in old whereas its expression was higher in adult than young and old, which were almost similar. Further in silico secondary structure analysis by self-optimized prediction method alignment (SOPMA) and PSIPRED revealed that ERβ interacting proteins were rich in alpha helices and coils. Such findings might help to design ER modulators which can regulate specific functions of estrogen in the brain during aging and degenerative diseases.

关键词： Estrogen Receptor β Alpha Helices and Coils Interacting Proteins SOPMA PSIPRED Aging Brain

Reliability Measures for Tele-Communication System with Redundant Transferring Machine by Using Algebraic Method

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American Journal of Operations Research 2016年第5期6卷 371-377页

作者： Pawan kumar Sharma Ganesh kumar thakur Bandana Priya Department of Applied Science Krishna Engineering College Mohan Nagar India Department of Applied Science G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management Greater Noida India

There are so many existing methods to obtain system reliability like re-generating point function technique, supplementary variables technique etc., but all these techniques are full of complicated calculations. Keeping above these facts in mind, the authors in this paper have evaluated some reliability parameters for tele-communication system by using Boolean functions technique and algebraic method. Reliability of considered tele-communication system has been evaluated by considering the fact that failures follow arbitrary time distribution. In particular, the reliability expression has also been calculated for Exponential and Weibull distributions. Further, an important reliability parameter namely M.T.T.F. (mean time to failure) has also been calculated. A numerical example with graphical illustrations has been appended at the end to highlight the important results and practical utility of the model.

关键词： Boolean Function Technique Algebra of Logics Weibull Distribution Exponential Distribution

Engineering polymer nanoparticles using cell membrane coating technology and their application in cancer treatments:Opportunities and challenges

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Nano Materials Science 2022年第4期4卷 295-321页

作者： Kai Guo Nanyang Xiao Yixuan Liu Zhenming Wang Judit Tóth János Gyenis Vijay kumar thakur Ayako Oyane Quazi T.H.Shubhra Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510140China Department of Microbiology The University of ChicagoChicagoIL60637USA Department of Pathology School of Basic Medical SciencesNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing21116China State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China Research Centre for Natural Sciences Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry1117BudapestMagyar Tudósok Körútja 2Hungary University of Pannonia Egyetem u.10H-8200VeszprémHungary Nanomaterials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST)Tsukuba305-8565Japan School of Engineering University of Petroleum&Energy Studies(UPES)Dehradun 248007India

Nanotechnology has revolutionized cancer drug delivery,and recent research continues to focus on the development of“one-size-fits-all,”i.e.,“all-in-one”delivery *** nanomedicines can address significant shortcomings of conventional therapy,biological barriers remain a challenge in their delivery and accumulation at diseased *** achieve long circulation time,immune evasion,and targeted accumulation,conventional nanocarriers need modifications,e.g.,PEGylation,peptide/aptamer attachment,*** such modification is a biomimetic coating using cell membrane(CM),which can offer long circulation or targeting,or *** top-down CM coating process is facile and can provide some advantageous features over surface modification by synthetic ***,an overview is provided on the engineering of CM camouflaged polymer nanoparticles.A short section on CM and the development of CM coating technology has been *** description of the preparation and characterization of CM camouflaged polymer NPs and their applications in cancer treatment has been reported.A brief comparison between CM coating and PEGylation has been *** targeting approaches to achieve tumor-specific delivery of CM coated NPs have been summarized ***,this review will give the readers a nice picture of CM coated polymer NPs,along with their opportunities and challenges.

关键词： Cell membrane(CM) Nanoparticles(NPs) Cancer Camouflage Biomimetic coating Drug delivery

Leaf Temperature as Thermal Bio-indicator of Heavy Metal Pollutants

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第1期2卷 131-137页

作者： Anil kumar thakur Kamal Jit Singh Botany R.G. Government College Shimla i71 004 India Department of Botany Panjab University Chandigarh 160 014 India

Enviromnental pollution is serious social concern. The inflow of heavy metals in the ecological food chain and their subsequent bio-magnification in human bodies is cascading its harmful effects. The metabolism of plants is being hampered by these heavy metals. In the present studies, effect of heavy metal especially cadmium has been studied on stomatal diffusive resistance （SDR）, transpiration rate, leaf surface humidity and leaf temperature of soybean plants growing in hydroponic cultures. Cadmium treatment decelerates the rate of transpiration. The inhibition of transpiration associated with increased SDR leads to dehydration of leaf surface, thereby, increasing temperature of leaves in comparison to control plants. In the present study, temperature difference between stressed and non-stressed plant leaves was as high as 3℃ Moreover, any such rise in leaf temperature due to uptake and induced toxicity of heavy metals can possibly be a good bio-indicator having wide applications in thermal remote sensing and geospatial monitoring of metal polluted soils.

关键词： Soybean heavy metal pollutants cadmium leaf temperature bio-indicator

A Brief Study of the Universe

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第2期3卷 137-152页

作者： Subir kumar Basu thakur sudeshna Mukerji Department of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata India

In the present study, an oscillatory model of the universe is proposed wherein the universe undergoes a sequence of big bang, expansion, contraction, big bang—repeated ad infinitum. The universe comprises of a “World” and an “Antiworld” in both of which matter operates in the positive time zone and antimatter in the negative time zone. Big bang is predicted as the violent encounter between matter and antimatter. It is suggested that antimatter has negative mass and is hugely abundant. It is also shown why it is extremely rare in spite of its abundance. It is predicted that a built in transformation converts matter to antimatter and vice versa. Finally, it is established that symmetry between matter and antimatter in the universe is maintained throughout.

关键词： Cosmology