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Impact of elevated CO2 and incr.ased temper.tur. on Japanese beetle her.ivor.

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Insect Science 2013年第4期20卷 513-523页

作者： Olivia K. Niziolek may r. berenbaum Evan H. DeLucia Depar.ment of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Depar.ment of Entomology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801USA

To examine how the major.elements of global change affect her.ivor. in agr.ecosystems, a multifactor.al exper.ment was conducted wher. soybeans wer. gr.wn at two levels of car.on dioxide and temper.tur., including those pr.dicted for.2050, under.other.ise nor.al field conditions. Japanese beetles （Popillia japonica Newman） wer. enclosed on foliage for.24 h, after.which the beetle sur.ivor.hip, total and per.capita leaf consumption, and leaf pr.tease inhibitor.activity wer. measur.d. The dir.ct effect of temper.tur. on beetle consumption and sur.ivor.hip also was measur.d under.contr.lled envir.nmental conditions. No differ.nces in total foliage consumption wer. obser.ed; however. beetles for.ed to feed at elevated temper.tur. in the field demonstr.ted gr.ater.per.capita consmnption and r.duced sur.ivor.hip compar.d to beetles feeding at ambient temper.tur.. Sur.ivor.hip was also gr.ater.for.beetles that consumed foliage gr.wn under.elevated CO2, but ther. wer. no inter.ctive effects of CO2 and temper.tur., and no differ.nces in leaf chemistr. wer. r.solved. Leaf consumption by beetles incr.ased str.ngly with incr.asing temper.tur. up to -37℃, above which incr.ased mor.ality caused a pr.cipitous decr.ase in consumption. An empir.cal model based on the temper.tur. dependence of leaf consumption and flight suggests that the 3.5℃ incr.ase in temper.tur. pr.dicted for.2050 will incr.ase the optimal feeding window for.the Japanese beetle by 290%. Elevated temper.tur. and CO2 oper.ting independently have the potential to gr.atly incr.ase foliage damage to soybean by chewing insects, such as Popilliajaponica, potentially affecting cr.p yields.

关键词： car.on dioxide FACE (fr.e-air.concentr.tion enr.chment) Glycine max,her.ivor. Japanese beetles Popilliajaponica temper.tur. dependence

Leaf temper.tur. of soybean gr.wn under.elevated CO2 incr.ases Aphis glycines （Hemipter.＂ Aphididae） population gr.wth

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Insect Science 2011年第4期18卷 419-425页

作者： Br.dget F. O'Neill Ar.hur.r. Zanger. Evan H. DeLucia Clar. Casteel Jor.e A. Zavala may r. berenbaum Depar.ments ofEntomology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Depar.ments of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Depar.ments of Institute of Genomic Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois USA Consejo Nacional de InvesUgaciones Cientificas y Technicas Catedra de Bioquimica Facultad de Agronomia University of Buenos Aires Pontificia Univer.idad Catolica Ar.entina Buenos Aires Argentina

Plants gr.wn under.elevated car.on dioxide （CO2） exper.ence physiological changes that influence their.suitability as food for.insects. To deter.ine the effects of living on soybean （Glycine max Linnaeus） gr.wn under.elevated CO2, population gr.wth of the soybean aphid （Aphis glycines Matsumur.） was deter.ined at the SoyFACE r.sear.h site at the Univer.ity of Illinois, Ur.ana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, gr.wn under.elevated （550μL/L） and ambient （370 μL/L） levels of CO2. Gr.wth of aphid populations under.elevated CO2 was significantly gr.ater.after.1 week, with populations attaining twice the size of those on plants gr.wn under.ambient levels of CO2. Soybean leaves gr.wn under.elevated levels of CO2 wer. pr.viously demonstr.ted at SoyFACE to have incr.ased leaf temper.tur. caused by r.duced stomatal conductance. To separ.te the incr.ased leaf temper.tur. fr.m other.effects of elevated CO2, air.temper.tur. was lower.d while the CO2 level was incr.ased, which lower.d over.ll leaf temper.tur.s to those measur.d for.leaves gr.wn under.ambient levels of CO2. Aphid population gr.wth on plants gr.wn under.elevated CO2 and r.duced air.temper.tur. was not significantly gr.ater.than on plants gr.wn under.ambient levels of CO2. By incr.asing Glycine max leaf temper.tur., elevated CO2 may incr.ase populations of Aphis glycines and their.impact on cr.p pr.ductivity.

关键词： Aphis glycines Matsumur. elevated CO2 Glycine max Linnaeus leaftemper.tur.

Exer.ise tr.ining impr.ves long-ter. memor. in obese mice

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Life Metabolism 2024年第1期3卷 37-50页

作者： Oliver.K.Fuller.Casey L.Egan Tina L.r.binson Nimna Per.r. Heidy K.Latchman Laur.n V.terry Emma D.McLennan Car.lina Chavez Emma L.Bur.ows John W.Scott r.byn M.Mur.hy Henr.ette van Pr.ag Mar.in Whitham Mar. A.Febbr.io Monash Institute of Phar.aceutical Sciences Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoria3052Australia La Tr.be Institute for.Molecular.Science La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria3086Australia Flor.y Institute of Neur.science and Mental Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoria3052Australia Depar.ment of Biomedical Sciences Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicineand Stiles-Nicholson Brain InstituteFlorida Atlantic UniversityJupiterFL 33458United States College of Life and Envir.nmental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Obesity has been linked to a r.nge of pathologies,including *** contr.st,r.gular.physical activity is associated with the pr.vention or.r.duced pr.gr.ssion of ***,physical activity can impr.ve memor. and spatial cognition,r.duce age-r.lated cognitive decline,and pr.ser.e br.in volume,but the mechanisms ar. not fully ***,we investigated whether.any detr.mental effects of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on cognition,motor.behavior.adult hippocampal neur.genesis,and br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.BDNF)could be mitigated by voluntar. exer.ise tr.ining in male C57Bl/6 ***-induced impair.ent of motor.function was not r.ver.ed by ***,voluntar. wheel r.nning impr.ved long-ter. memor. and incr.ased hippocampal neur.genesis,suggesting that r.gular.physical activity may pr.vent cognitive decline in obesity.

关键词： obesity exer.ise cognition

r.le of ar.hr.pod communities in bioener.y cr.p litter.decomposition

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Insect Science 2013年第5期20卷 671-678页

作者： Ar.hur.r. Zanger. Saber.Mir.smailli Paul Nabity Allen Lawr.nce Alan Yanahan Cor.y A. Mitchell Kr.stina J. Ander.on-Teixeir. Mar. B. David may r. berenbaum Evan H. DeLucia Depar.ment of Entomology Ener.y Bioscience Institute Depar.ment of Plant Biology Institute of Genomic Biology Depar.ment of Natur.l r.sour.es and Envir.nmental Sciences University of Illinois Urbana IL 61801 USA

The extensive land use conver.ion expected to occur.to meet demands for.bioener.y feedstock pr.duction will likely have widespr.ad impacts on agr.ecosystem biodiver.ity and ecosystem ser.ices, including car.on sequestr.tion. Although ar.hr.pod detr.tivor.s ar. known to contr.bute to litter.decomposition and thus ener.y flow and nutr.ent cycling in many plant communities, their.impor.ance in bioener.y feedstock communities has not yet been assessed. We under.ook an exper.mental study quantifying r.tes of litter.mass loss and nutr.ent cycling in the pr.sence and absence of these or.anisms in thr.e bioener.y feedstock cr.ps—miscanthus （Miscanthus x giganteus）, switchgr.ss （Panicum vir.atum）, and a planted pr.ir.e community. Over.ll ar.hr.pod abundance and litter.decomposition r.tes wer. similar.in all thr.e communities. Despite effective r.duction of ar.hr.pods in exper.mental plots via insecticide application, litter.decomposition r.tes, inor.anic nitr.gen leaching, and car.on–nitr.gen r.tios did not differ.significantly between contr.l （with ar.hr.pods） and tr.atment （without ar.hr.pods） plots in any of the thr.e community types. Our.findings suggest that changes in ar.hr.pod faunal composition associated with widespr.ad adoption of bioener.y feedstock cr.ps may not be associated with pr.foundly alter.d ar.hr.pod-mediated litter.decomposition and nutr.ent r.lease.

关键词： biodiver.ity bioener.y decomposition detr.tivor. land use change pr.ir.e

武夷-云开造山带早古生代镁铁-超镁铁质岩富钪风化壳的首次发现及其意义

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矿物学报 2024年第3期44卷 303-316页

作者：周美夫赵文周岱杨胜标申宇王振朝漆亮王敏陈伟中国科学院地球化学研究所贵州贵阳550081 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院湖北武汉430074 中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心湖北武汉430205

本文首次报道华南古生代武夷-云开造山带东南缘的兰排镁铁-超镁铁质岩体富钪(Sc)风化壳,初步计算获得区域内钪的潜在资源为524~566 t,为一潜在大型风化壳型钪矿。兰排岩体呈小型岩株侵入到永和闪长质岩体内,主要由橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长... 详细信息

本文首次报道华南古生代武夷-云开造山带东南缘的兰排镁铁-超镁铁质岩体富钪(Sc)风化壳,初步计算获得区域内钪的潜在资源为524~566 t,为一潜在大型风化壳型钪矿。兰排岩体呈小型岩株侵入到永和闪长质岩体内,主要由橄榄岩、辉石岩和辉长岩组成,辉石岩锆石^(206)Pb/^(238)U年龄为(428.3±2.0)Ma(MSWD=0.92)。镁铁-超镁铁质岩全岩w(TFe_(2)O_(3))为12.1%~18.7%,其中辉石岩钪含量为44×10^(–6)~97×10^(–6),总体高于橄榄岩(20×10^(–6)~89×10^(–6))和辉长岩(28×10^(–6)~48×10^(–6))。兰排这类富钪岩石组合与以往认为富钪的碳酸岩-碱性岩体和阿拉斯加型岩体都存在较大差异,可能代表了一种新的钪成矿母岩类型,推测碰撞后陆内伸展诱发富钪地幔源区熔融可能是富钪母岩浆形成的重要机制。镁铁-超镁铁质岩体上部发育完整的风化壳剖面,可分为全风化层和半风化层。全风化层的上部富集铁(氢)氧化物(磁铁矿、赤铁矿、针铁矿),而中下部以高岭石等黏土矿物为主。半风化层除了包含蒙脱石等黏土矿物,还包括铁钛氧化物及辉石等硅酸盐矿物或相关蚀变矿物。风化壳样品的Sc含量为21×10^(–6)~304×10^(–6),富集程度最高可达相应基岩的3倍以上。其中,钪含量最高的样品主要分布在铁氧化物最富集的全风化层上部,其钪含量多数超过100×10^(–6)。风化壳钪含量与红土化指数(IOL)呈明显的正相关性,表明红土化过程对风化壳钪的富集有显著影响。初步研究认为钪在风化壳红土化过程中经历了活化-迁移-沉淀的多阶段富集过程:1)风化早期钪以类质同象替换的形式赋存在蒙脱石等黏土矿物中;2)风化后期磁铁矿和蒙脱石溶解,钪赋存在以铁(氢)氧化物为主的矿物中,并达到最高程度的富集(Sc>100×10^(–6));3)风化晚期铁(氢)氧化物溶解,一部分钪向下迁移到特定层位。兰排镁铁-超镁铁质岩体富钪风化壳的发现弥补了我国高品位风化壳型钪矿床的空白,丰富了成矿母岩的类型,为华南早古生代成矿作用的理论研究和战略性矿产的找矿勘查提供了一个新的方向。

关键词：风化壳型钪矿床武夷-云开造山带镁铁-超镁铁质岩红土化指数

How Dar. Ener.y Might Be Pr.duced by Black Holes

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2023年第5期14卷 573-582页

作者： Eugene terry Tatum Independent r.sear.her Bowling Green KY USA

If confir.ed, the new galactic obser.ations in suppor. of r.pidly gr.wing super.assive black holes in association with their.pr.duction of dar. ener.y may pr.vide for.a quantum leap for.ar. in our.under.tanding of black holes, dar. ener.y, and univer.al expansion. The pr.mar. implication of these obser.ations is that gr.wth of black holes may well be coupled with univer.al expansion (“cosmological coupling”). Study of the Flat Space Cosmology (FSC) model, in conjunction with these new obser.ations, suggests a novel mechanism of “black hole dar. ener.y r.diation”. This br.ef note gives a r.tionale for.how the high gr.vitational ener.y density vacuum within or.adjacent to a black hole hor.zon could be sufficiently ener.etic to pull entangled pair. of positive matter.ener.y par.icles and negative dar. ener.y “par.icles” of equal magnitude out of the hor.zon vacuum and send them off in opposite dir.ctions (i.e., gr.vitationally-attr.ctive matter.inwar. and gr.vitationally-r.pelling dar. ener.y outwar.). One effect would be that a black hole can r.pidly gr.w in mass-ener.y without mer.er. or.the usual accr.tion of pr.-existing matter. A second effect would be continual pr.duction of dar. ener.y within the cosmic vacuum, fueling a continuous and finely-tuned light-speed expansion of the univer.e.

关键词： Astr.physics: Galaxies Black Holes Dar. Ener.y Vacuum Ener.y Cosmological Coupling Flat Space Cosmology Er.= EPr Gr.vitized Vacuum Dar. Matter Hawking r.diation

How Gr.vitational Effects on the Quantum Vacuum Might Explain Dar. Ener.y and Dar. Matter.Obser.ations

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Jour.al of Moder. Physics 2023年第6期14卷 833-838页

作者： Eugene terry Tatum Independent r.sear.her Bowling Green USA

Following a br.ef r.view of the “black hole dar. ener.y r.diation” and “gr.vitized vacuum” r.fer.nces, a novel theor. of how gr.vity might affect the quantum vacuum is pr.posed. This over.r.hing theor. pr.poses that the gr.vitational field of a sufficiently concentr.ted collection of matter.and/or.ener.y upr.gulates the vir.ual par.icle activity of the adjacent quantum vacuum, thus its ener.y density and lensing capacity. In contr.st to gener.l r.lativity, the par.icle and wave duality of quantum physics is necessar. for.under.tanding quantum vacuum gr.vitational effects. Ver. r.cent suppor.ing and pending obser.ational studies ar. discussed, including the ingenious and extr.mely sensitive vacuum scale to be deployed for.the Ar.himedes Exper.ment. Suppor. or.falsification of this pr.posal may be imminent.

关键词： Quantum Vacuum Theor. Dar. Ener.y Dar. Matter Black Holes Ar.himedes Exper.ment Black Hole Dar. Ener.y r.diation

Metallosis with spinal implant loosening after.spinal instr.mentation:A case r.por.

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世界骨科杂志:英文版 2023年第8期14卷 651-661页

作者： Yiu Hin Kwan Hong Lee terry Teo Shr.e Kumar.Dinesh Wee Lim Loo Depar.ment of Or.hopaedic Sur.er. Changi General HospitalSingapore 529889Singapore

BACKGr.UND Spinal metallosis is a r.r. complication following spinal instr.mentation wher.by an inflammator. r.sponse to the metal implants r.sults in the development of gr.nulomatous *** SUMMAr. We descr.be the case of a 78-year.old woman who had r.cur.ence of back pain 5 year. after.lumbar.spine poster.or.decompr.ssion and instr.mented *** spine r.diogr.phs showed har.war. loosening and magnetic r.sonance imaging showed adjacent segment *** sur.er. r.vealed evidence of metallosis *** Spinal metallosis can pr.sent sever.l year. after.*** and computed tomogr.phy may demonstr.te har.war. loosening secondar. to *** metal concentr.tions associated with spinal metallosis have yet to be ***,metallosis is still an intr.oper.tive and histopathological *** pr.sence of metallosis after.spinal instr.mentation likely indicates a mor. complex under.ying pr.blem:Pseudar.hr.sis,failur. to addr.ss sagittal balance,infection,and cr.ss-thr.ading of set ***,identifying metallosis is impor.ant,but initiating tr.atment pr.mptly for.symptomatic implant loosening is of gr.ater.par.mount.

关键词： Metallosis Spine Instr.mentation Implant loosening Cor.osion Case r.por.

Identification of agr.cultur.l systems in the mountains of Nor.heast Thailand

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Jour.al of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 419-429页

作者： Sukanlaya CHOENKWAN A. terry r.MBO Pr.gr.m on System Appr.aches in Agr.cultur. Faculty of agriculture Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Depar.ment of Agr.cultur.l Extension Faculty of agriculture Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand East-West Center 1601 East-West Road Honolulu HI 96848-1601 USA

Agr.cultur.l systems in Thailand's nor.heaster. mountains ar. descr.bed in ter.s of their.type of cr.ps, mar.eting channels, and labor.r.quir.ments. Five distinctive systems ar. identified: The Field cr.p system, Fr.it tr.e system, Industr.al tr.e plantation system, Specialty cr.p system and Agr.-tour.sm system. The differ.nt systems ar. compar.d with each other.in or.er.to identify their.r.spective str.ngths and weaknesses as development models. The Field cr.p system cover. the lar.est ar.a of agr.cultur.l land and is found in all mountainous villages but it gener.tes ver. low net pr.fits per.hectar.. The Specialty cr.p system and Agr.-tour.sm system gener.te ver. high net pr.fits per.hectar. but cover.only a small land ar.a and have a r.str.cted spatial distr.bution. Expansion of these high value systems may be limited because they ar. capital and labor.intensive and r.quir. highly skilled far.er. to manage them successfully. If these constr.ints can be over.ome, they may offer.a useful model for.mountain agr.cultur.l development.

关键词：农业系统泰国鉴定东北农业开发农业土地空间分布价值系统