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Therm.l m.nagem.nt of Vehicle Cabins,External Surfaces,and Onboard Electronics:An Overview

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Engineering 2019年第5期5卷 954-969页

作者： Garrett J.m.rshall Colin P.m.hony m.tthew J.Rhodes Steve R.Daniewicz Nicholas Tsolas Scott m.Thom.son Center for Advanced Vehicular System. Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Auburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

Reducing heat accum.lation within vehicles and ensuring appropriate vehicular tem.erature levels can lead to enhanced vehicle fuel econom.,range,reliability,longevity,passenger com.ort,and *** in vehicle therm.l m.nagem.nt rem.in key as new technologies,consum.r dem.nd,societal concerns,and governm.nt regulations em.rge and *** study sum.arizes several recent advances in vehicle therm.l m.nagem.nt technology and m.deling,with a focus on three key areas:the cabin,electronics,and exterior com.onents of ***-related topics covered include m.thods for reducing therm.l loads and im.roving heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)system.;and advancem.nts in window glazing/tinting and vehicle surface *** the therm.l m.nagem.nt of electronics,including batteries and insulated-gate bipolar transistors(IGBTs),active and passive cooling m.thods that em.loy heat pipes,heat sinks,jet im.ingem.nt,forced convection,and phase-change m.terials are ***,efforts to m.del and enhance the heat transfer of exterior vehicular com.onents are reviewed while considering drag/friction forces and environm.ntal *** advances in the field of vehicle therm.l m.nagem.nt,challenges still exist;this article provides a broad sum.ary of the m.jor issues,with recom.endations for further study.

关键词： Vehicle design Autom.tive engineering Electronics packaging Heat pipes Clim.te control Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning Battery cooling Therm.l soak

不同类型中间砧对红星苹果幼苗生长、45Ca吸收的影响

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园艺学报 1985年第1期 17-22页

作者：朱文勇,R.F.柯赛克,范福棣,m.福斯特山西省农科院果树研究所美国农业部贝兹维尔农业研究中心美国农业部贝兹维尔农业研究中心美国农业部贝兹维尔农业研究中心博士为美土壤农化专家美国果树生理学家博士系美国果树生理学家

对用不同中间砧组合的红星苹果幼苗,进行了枝条生长动态的调查和植株组织内45Ca的吸收和分布研究。不同类型中间砧可影响植株枝条的生长量和生长波相。短节间和m.中间砧组合停长期较早,长节间中间砧枝条生长旺盛,元帅中间砧枝条生长较缓... 详细信息

对用不同中间砧组合的红星苹果幼苗,进行了枝条生长动态的调查和植株组织内45Ca的吸收和分布研究。不同类型中间砧可影响植株枝条的生长量和生长波相。短节间和m.中间砧组合停长期较早,长节间中间砧枝条生长旺盛,元帅中间砧枝条生长较缓慢,但生长波相与长节间组合一致。累积在叶片、枝条、茎部和根砧的45Ca含量,随着部位的下移递增,45Ca向不同部位皮层的转移要比向木质部的转移容易得多。不同中间砧组合之间相应的45Ca含量以短节间和m.组合最高,以长节间组合最低。组织内放射性元素45Ca的累积量随中间砧的类型而异。

关键词：中间砧不同类型红星节间二重砧枝条生长根砧 Ca

纳米二氧化硅填料量对LDPE复合材料局部放电特性的影响(英文)

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高电压技术 2011年第11期37卷 2629-2635页

作者： Z.Abdul-m.lek A.m.Azzin Y.Z.Arief Aulia K.Y.Lau m.Jaafar UTm.Institute of High Voltage & High Current Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaMalaysia School of m.terials & m.neral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaMalaysia

Partial discharges(PDs) due to artificial void in sam.les of LDPE nanocom.osite sheet have been investigated in this *** m.y cause the degradation of insulating m.terials and m.y affect the lifetim. of high-voltage apparatus. An experim.ntal work using sphere ball-plane electrode system.CIGRE m.thodⅡ) and a 1.0 m. LDPE com.osite sheet was carried *** weight percentages of nanosilica(0%,2%,4%,6%and 8%) were used. PD experim.ntal results,such as PD m.gnitude and PD num.er(both PD pulse polarities),as functions of the applied stress duration at a specified applied voltage were *** surface m.rphology of specim.ns was also presented and this conform. to the PD *** experim.ntal results show that the PD characteristics of the LDPE generally im.rove with the introduction of nanosilica,the com.osite with the highest content of filler,nam.ly the 8%(wt) nanosilica sam.le has the least partial discharge activities.

关键词： LDPE nanocom.osite nanosilica partial discharges

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吸烟后动脉僵硬度和波反射的种族差异

世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 49-50页

作者： Lem.goum.D. Van Bortel L. Leem.n m. 朱冰坡 Hypertension Clinic Department of CardiologyErasme Hospital808 Lennik Road1070 BrusselsBelgium.Dr

Background: Sm.king increases plasm. nicotine. Nicotine releases catecholam.ne s and alters arterial distensibility. The nicotine intake per cigarette is great er and serum.cotinine levels, the proxim.te m.tabolite of nicotine, are higher i n Blacks than in Whites. We tested the hypothesis that cigarette sm.king increas es the pulse wave velocity(PWV), a m.rker of arterial stiffness, and the augm.nt ation index(AI), a m.asure of wave reflection, m.re in Blacks than in Whites. m. thods: We m.tched Black(n=30) and White(n=30) sm.kers for age, gender, body m.ss index and height. We determ.ned carotid-fem.ral PWV(PWVCF) and carotid-radial PWV(PWVCR)(Com.lior), the AI derived from.the aortic pressure waveform.applanat ion tonom.try, Sphygm.cor), blood pressure, heart rate(HR) and cotinine levels b efore and after cigarette sm.king. We also perform.d m.asurem.nts in 16 participants aft er sham.sm.king. Results: Sm.king increased the AI, PWVCF and PWVCR in the whole population(all Pted to serum.cotinine levels(all Pm.king increased serum.cotinine(P=0. 01) and m.an blood pressure(P=0.03) m.re,but raised the HR to a lesser extent, i n Blacks[+8±4 versus+13±6 beats/ m.n in Whites(m.an±SD), P=0.01]. Blacks di sclosed larger increases in AI adjusted for HR(Blacks, +7.2±8 versus Whites, +4.4±8%; P=0.03), PWVCF(Blacks, +1.1±0.2 versus Whites, +0.6±0.3 m.s; Pm.s; Pm. lized for the m.an blood pressure. No changes were observed with sham.sm.king. C onclusions: Sm.king acutely increases the PWV and AI in Blacks m.re than in Whit es. Differences in nicotine m.tabolism.and β-adrenergic sensitivity could expl ain these findings.

关键词：动脉僵硬度吸烟者波反射种族差异儿茶酚胺类物质平均血压脉搏波速度脉搏压力波

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迷走神经刺激时无癫痫发作的预测因素

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第7期1卷 24-25页

作者： Janszky J. Hoppe m. Behne F. A. Ebner 胡慧敏 Epilepsie-Zentrum.Bethel Mara Krankenhaus Maraweg 21Bielefeld 33617 Germany Dr.

Objectives: To identify predictive factors for the seizure-free outcom. of va gus nerve stim.lation (VNS). m.thods: All 47 patients who had undergone VNS im.l antation at one centre and had at least one year of followup were studied. They underwent com.lete presurgical evaluation including detailed clinical history,m. gnetic resonance im.ging, and long term.video-EEG with ictal and interictal rec ordings. After im.lantation, adjustm.nt of stim.lation param.ters and concom.tan t antiepileptic drugs were at the discretion of the treating physician. Results: m.an (SD) age of the patients was 22.7 (11.6) years (range 7 to53). Six patients (13%) becam. seizure-free after the VNS *** two variables showe d a significant association with the seizure-free outcom.: absence of bilateral interictal epileptiform.discharges (IED) and presence of m.lform.tion of cortic al developm.nt (m.D). Epilepsy duration showed a non-significant trend towards a negative association with *** logistic regression analysis, only absenc e of bilateral IED correlated independently with successful VNS treatm.nt(p m. was 0.83 (0.44 to 0.97),and the specifici ty was 0.80 (0.66 to 0.90). Conclusions: Bilateral IED was independently associa ted with the outcom. of VNS. These results are prelim.nary because they were based on a sm.ll patient population. They m.y facilitate prospective VNS studi es enrolling larger num.ers of patients to confirm.the results.

关键词：迷走神经刺激 seizure 发作间期抗癫痫药物 Epilepsy bilateral 临床病史 m.lform.tion stim.lation 内科医师

人类皮肤细胞外基质蛋白1(ECm.)的表达随年龄而减少并随紫外线照射而增加

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 18-19页

作者： Sander C.S. Sercu S. Ziem.r m. J. m.rregaert 王琼 Laboratory of m.lecular Biotechnology Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Antwerp Belgium Prof.

Background: The extracellular m.trix protein 1 (ECm.) is expressed in hum.n skin and plays an im.ortant role in its norm.l structure and function. In the rare genetic skin disease lipoid proteinosis, which is characterized by a loss-of-function m.tation in the ECm. gene, skin areas habitually exposed to the sun m.y show a m.re severely scarred and photoaged appearance. However, no data are available on the possible involvem.nt of ECm. expression in intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing. Objectives: We hypothesized that ECm. expression in hum.n skin is regulated by age and ultraviolet (UV) dependent m.chanism.. m.thods: Skin biopsies from.12 patients with histologically confirm.d solar elastosis, from.non UV exposed sites of 12 age-m.tched controls and 12 young subjects were analysed. To evaluate the influence of acute UV exposure, buttock skin of 10 healthy subjects was irradiated repetitively on 10 days with a solar sim.lator and com.ared intraindividually with non-UV-treated contralateral sites. The expression of ECm. was investigated by im.unohistochem.stry using an ECm. antibody detecting ECm.a and ECm.c isoform.. Sem.quantitative analysis of staining intensity was carried out by densitom.tric im.ge analysis. Results: In norm.l hum.n skin ECm.a and ECm.c are expressed m.inly in the basal cell layers of epiderm.l keratinocytes and in derm.l vessels. For the first tim., an expression in the outer root sheath of hair follicles, in sebaceous lobules and epithelium.of sweat glands is described. Intrinsically (UV-protec-ted) aged skin shows a significantly reduced expression in basal and upper epiderm.l cell layers com.ared with young skin. In photoaged skin, expression is significantly increased within the lower and upper epiderm.s com.ared with age-m.tched UV-protected sites. Im.ortantly, after acute UV exposure in young healthy subjects expression of ECm. is m.rkedly increased in both lower and upper epiderm.l cell layers. Conclusions: This is the first study to dem.

关键词：遗传性皮肤病细胞外基质蛋白紫外线照射年龄表皮角质形成细胞人类健康受试者 UV照射免疫组化法检测老化现象

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含芳基磷脂酰胆碱类似物的合成

应用化学 1999年第5期16卷 88-90页

作者：黄雁 Picq,m 广州医学院化学教研室广州510182

The acylation reactions of L α Lysophosphatidylcholine(Lyso PC) or L α *** 2(GPC CdCl 2) with fatty acid bearing bulky arom.tic group or corresponding anhydride have been investigated. The acylation of Lyso PC with fatty acid bearing bulky arom.tic group in the presence of condensing reagent N,N ′ dicyclohexylcarbodiim.de(DCC) and catalyst 4 ( N,N ′ dim.thylam.no) pyridine(Dm.P) was found to be m.re convenient and m.re efficient than that of Lyso PC with the corresponding fatty acid anhydride prepared prior to acylation(yield 85% to 45%). The poor form.tion of anhydride from.fatty acid is responsible largely for the low yield. It was found that the acylation reaction of Lyso PC or GPC CdCl 2 with fatty acid bearing bulky arom.tic group could be accom.lished in 85% and 74% yield respectively by using a fatty acid/Lyso PC(or GPC CdCl 2) m.lar ratio of 4, Dm.P/Lyso PC(or GPC CdCl 2) m.lar ratio of 4 and DCC/fatty acid m.lar ratio of 0 6 (1 for the acylation of GPC CdCl 2). The procedures described provide significant im.rovem.nts in yield over m.thods repor ted .

关键词：磷脂酰胆碱磷脂类似物合成酰化

具有多支血管病变的心脏病患者的治疗:PRISm.研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 17-18页

作者： Cournot m. Cam.ou J.-P. Ferrières J. 高登峰 INSERm.U558 Departement d'Epidemiologie Facultéde Méde cine 37 allées Jules Guesde 31073 Toulouse Cedex France Dr.

Introduction: m.ocardial infarction (m.), peripheral vascular disease and isch aem.c cerebral vascular accident (CVA) are three m.nifestations of the sam. dise ase, atherothrom.osis, and they share the sam. pathophysiology and prognosis. Ob jective: the aim.of this work was to describe the clinical characteristics and t he m.dical m.nagem.nt of polyvascular patients in cardiology. m.thod: cardiologi sts from.all over the country participated in a consultation register for 3 week s. The clinical characteristics and m.dical m.nagem.nt for the first 3 patients on the register for each cardiologist were studied in a national m.lticentre stu dy and then com.ared according to whether the atherothrom.otic disease was isola ted or polyvascular. Results: in total, 100 429 patients were exam.ned during th e period of the register and 2 780 were included in the study. Polyvascular pati ents represented 7%of the register and 22%of the vascular patients. These pati ents with m.ltiple m.nifestations were frequently diabetics. A lipid profile was available less often in the cardiac patients when they had another disorder (72 .4%) than in the case of an isolated disorder (78.9%). Whatever the initial di sorder, dyslipidaem.a was less often controlled in the case of polyvascular dise ase (63%of LDL C ≥.3g/l in polyvascular cardiac patients vs 52%in cardiac pa tients with isolated disease). In cardiac patients, the presence of peripheral v ascular disease was associated with less prescription of beta blockers (OR=0.4 [ 0.3-0.6]), the presence of CVA was associated with less prescription of statin s (OR=0.7[0.5-0.9] ). Eight out of 10 polyvascular patients received anti pla te let aggregation treatm.nt. The presence of m.ltiple atherothrom.otic m.nifestati ons was associated with greater prescription of ACEI, except in cardiac patients . Conclusion: these results im.rove our understanding of the specific m.nagem.nt of polyvascular patients, for whom.secondary prevention is param.unt d

关键词： PRISm. 多支血管病变血管疾病患者支血管药物治疗情况他汀类药物周围血管疾病二级预防血脂障碍 β受体阻滞剂

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偏头痛对癫痫的影响:一项前瞻性的预后研究

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 8-9页

作者： Velio■lu S.K. Boz C. zm.no■lu m. 王孝文 Neurology Departm.nt M edical Faculty Karadeniz Technical University (KTU) Trabzon Turkey

The effect of m.graine on the prognosis of epilepsy has not been reported. Th e aim.of this prospective 5- 10- year follow- up study was to exam.ne som. ou tcom. m.asures and the cum.lative probability of being seizure- free in epileps y patients with m.graine, and to com.are their results with those of epilepsy pa tients without m.graine. Fifty- nine patients (40 wom.n; m.an age 25 years) wer e diagnosed with both epilepsy and m.graine (Em.group). The control group consis ted of 56 patients with epilepsy but without m.graine (E group). Both groups were recruited and followed up over sim.lar periods. W e com.ared the outcom. variables in the Em.group with those in the E group. Kapl an- m.ier m.thods were used to assess the seizurefree curves. The Em.group had a significantly lower cum.lative probability of being seizure- free over 10 yea rs com.ared with the E group. The other epilepsy outcom. m.asures at follow- up differed significantly between the groups, with the Em.group having a longer du ration of epilepsy, a lower early treatm.nt response, and a higher incidence of intractable epilepsy and achieving rem.ssion with polytherapy, and m.re seizure control and m.dication problem. for at least the last 2 years of followup. Com.r bid m.graine had a negative effect on the prognosis of epilepsy.

关键词：预后研究随访研究预后指标难治性癫痫多药治疗本项