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Mitigating Carbon Emissions:A Comprehensive Analysis of Transitioning to Hydrogen-Powered Plants in Japan’s Energy Landscape Post-Fukushima

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Energy Engineering 2024年第5期121卷 1143-1159页

作者： Nugroho Agung Pambudi Andrew chapman Alfan Sarifudin Desita Kamila Ulfa Iksan Riva Nanda Department of Mechanical Engineering Education Universitas Sebelas MaretSukoharjo57161Indonesia International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Reserch(WPI-I2CNER) Kyushu UniversityFukuoka819-0395Japan Postgraduate of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Sebelas MaretSurakarta57126Indonesia Energy and Society Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering EducationUniversitas Sebelas MaretSukoharjo57161Indonesia Department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering Universitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia

One of the impacts of the Fukushima disaster was the shutdown of all nuclear power plants in Japan,reaching zero production in 2015.In response,the country started importing more fossil energy including coal,oil,and natural gas to fill the energy gap.However,this led to a significant increase in carbon emissions,hindering the efforts to reduce its carbon footprint.In the current situation,Japan is actively working to balance its energy requirements with environmental considerations,including the utilization of hydrogen fuel.Therefore,this paper aims to explore the feasibility and implications of using hydrogen power plants as a means to reduce emissions,and this analysis will be conducted using the energy modeling of the MARKAL-TIMES Japan framework.The hydrogen scenario(HS)is assumed with the extensive integration of hydrogen into the power generation sector,supported by a hydrogen import scheme.Additionally,this scenario will be compared with the Business as Usual(BAU)scenario.The results showed that the generation capacities of the BAU and HS scenarios have significantly different primary energy supplies.The BAU scenario is highly dependent on fossil fuels,while the HS scenario integrates hydrogen contribution along with an increase in renewable energy,reaching a peak contribution of 2,160 PJ in 2050.In the HS scenario,the target of reducing CO_(2) emissions by 80%is achieved through significant hydrogen penetration.By 2050,the total CO_(2) emissions are estimated to be 939 million tons for the BAU scenario and 261 million tons for the Hydrogen scenario.In addition,the contribution of hydrogen to electricity generation is expected to be 153 TWh,smaller than PV and wind power.

关键词： Business as usual(BAU)scenario hydrogen scenario CO_(2)emissions power generation sector

Palliative long-term abdominal drains vs large volume paracenteses for the management of refractory ascites in end-stage liver disease

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 428-438页

作者： Senamjit Kaur Rodrigo V Motta Bryony chapman Victoria Wharton Jane D Collier Francesca Saffioti Oxford Liver Unit Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyOxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Oxford Liver Unit and Translational Gastroenterology Unit Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Long-term abdominal drains(LTAD)are a cost-effective palliative measure to manage malignant ascites in the community,but their use in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is not routine practice.The safety and cost-effectiveness of LTAD are currently being studied in this setting,with preliminary positive results.We hypothesised that palliative LTAD are as effective and safe as repeat palliative large volume paracentesis(LVP)in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites and may offer advantages in patients’quality of life.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of palliative LTAD and LVP in refractory ascites secondary to end-stage chronic liver disease.METHODS A retrospective,observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety outcomes of palliative LTAD and regular palliative LVP as a treatment for refractory ascites in consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease followed-up at our United Kingdom tertiary centre between 2018 and 2022 was conducted.Fisher’s exact tests and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated to stratify time-related outcomes according to the type of drain.RESULTS Thirty patients had a total of 35 indwelling abdominal drains and nineteen patients underwent regular LVP.The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.Prophylactic antibiotics were more frequently prescribed in patients with LTAD(P=0.012),while the incidence of peritonitis did not differ between the two groups(P=0.46).The incidence of acute kidney injury(P=0.014)and ascites/drain-related hospital admissions(P=0.004)were significantly higher in the LVP group.The overall survival was similar in the two groups(log-rank P=0.26),but the endpoint-free survival was significantly shorter in the LVP group(P=0.003,Pted admission,acute kidney injury and drain-related complications,respectively).CONCLUSION

关键词： Decompensated liver cirrhosis Indwelling abdominal catheter Rocket drain Palliative care Safety Quality of life

A Generic Model to Estimate Wheat LAI over Growing Season Regardless of the Soil-Type Background

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第2期5卷 333-352页

作者： Qiaomin Chen Bangyou Zheng Karine Chenu Scott C.chapman School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia Agriculture and Food CSIROQueensland Bioscience PrecinctSt LuciaQLDAustralia The University of Queensland Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food InnovationToowoombaQLDAustralia

It is valuable to develop a generic model that can accurately estimate the leaf area index(LAI)of wheat from unmanned aerial vehicle-based multispectral data for diverse soil backgrounds without any ground calibration.To achieve this objective,2 strategies were investigated to improve our existing random forest regression(RFR)model,which was trained with simulations from a radiative transfer model(PROSAIL).The 2 strategies consisted of(a)broadening the reflectance domain of soil background to generate training data and(b)finding an appropriate set of indicators(band reflectance and/or vegetation indices)as inputs of the RFR model.The RFR models were tested in diverse soils representing varying soil types in Australia.Simulation analysis indicated that adopting both strategies resulted in a generic model that can provide accurate estimation for wheat LAI and is resistant to changes in soil background.From validation on 2 years of field trials,this model achieved high prediction accuracy for LAI over the entire crop cycle(LAI up to 7 m^(2)m^(−2))(root mean square error(RMSE):0.23 to 0.89 m^(2)m^(−2)),including for sparse canopy(LAI less than 0.3 m^(2)m^(−2))grown on different soil types(RMSE:0.02 to 0.25 m^(2)m^(−2)).The model reliably captured the seasonal pattern of LAI dynamics for different treatments in terms of genotypes,plant densities,and water–nitrogen managements(correlation coefficient:0.82 to 0.98).With appropriate adaptations,this framework can be adjusted to any type of sensors to estimate various traits for various species(including but not limited to LAI of wheat)in associated disciplines,e.g.,crop breeding,precision agriculture,etc.

关键词： soil Wheat breeding

Nanoparticle Targeting with Antibodies in the Central Nervous System

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Biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2023年第1期4卷 159-176页

作者： Ju Hyun Lee Dana V.chapman W.Mark Saltzman Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA

Treatments for disease in the central nervous system(CNS)are limited because of difficulties in agent penetration through the blood-brain barrier,achieving optimal dosing,and mitigating off-target effects.The prospect of precision medicine in CNS treatment suggests an opportunity for therapeutic nanotechnology,which offers tunability and adaptability to address specific diseases as well as targetability when combined with antibodies(Abs).Here,we review the strategies to attach Abs to nanoparticles(NPs),including conventional approaches of chemisorption and physisorption as well as attempts to combine irreversible Ab immobilization with controlled orientation.We also summarize trends that have been observed through studies of systemically delivered Ab–NP conjugates in animals.Finally,we discuss the future outlook for Ab–NPs to deliver therapeutics into the CNS.

关键词： agent irreversible particle

Global Wheat Head Detection Challenges:Winning Models and Application for Head Counting

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 460-473页

作者： Etienne David Franklin Ogidi Daniel Smith Scott chapman Benoit de Solan Wei Guo Frederic Baret Ian Stavness UMR 1114 EMMAH INRAEAvignonFrance Arvalis–Institut du Végétal ParisFrance Department of Computer Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonCanada School of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoTokyoJapan

Data competitions have become a popular approach to crowdsource new data analysis methods for general and specialized data science problems.Data competitions have a rich history in plant phenotyping,and new outdoor field datasets have the potential to embrace solutions across research and commercial applications.We developed the Global Wheat Challenge as a generalization competition in 2020 and 2021 to find more robust solutions for wheat head detection using field images from different regions.We analyze the winning challenge solutions in terms of their robustness when applied to new datasets.We found that the design of the competition had an influence on the selection of winning solutions and provide recommendations for future competitions to encourage the selection of more robust solutions.

关键词： Wheat specialized competition

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48小时的生物钟

环球科学 2024年第9期 16-17页

作者：安德鲁·查普曼李承泽(译) 不详

几乎所有的动物都遵循着以24小时为周期的活动规律,这是基于它们的内置生物钟,通过基因传给一代又一代。然而,有一种甲虫却以48小时为时间单位活动,这显然是受其精确的交配周期驱动。发表于《当代生物学》(Current Biology)的一项研究发... 详细信息

几乎所有的动物都遵循着以24小时为周期的活动规律,这是基于它们的内置生物钟,通过基因传给一代又一代。然而,有一种甲虫却以48小时为时间单位活动,这显然是受其精确的交配周期驱动。发表于《当代生物学》(Current Biology)的一项研究发现,是特定基因以两天为周期的表达导致了这种现象。

关键词：生物钟周期驱动生物学

From Prototype to Inference:A Pipeline to Apply Deep Learning in Sorghum Panicle Detection

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Plant Phenomics 2023年第1期5卷 94-109页

作者： Chrisbin James Yanyang Gu Andries Potgieter Etienne David Simon Madec Wei Guo Frédéric Baret Anders Eriksson Scott chapman School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Arvalis Institut du VégétalParisFrance Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of TokyoTokyoJapan Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ParisFrance

Head(panicle)density is a major component in understanding crop yield,especially in crops that produce variable numbers of tillers such as sorghum and wheat.Use of panicle density both in plant breeding and in the agronomy scouting of commercial crops typically relies on manual counts observation,which is an inefficient and tedious process.Because of the easy availability of red–green–blue images,machine learning approaches have been applied to replacing manual counting.However,much of this research focuses on detection per se in limited testing conditions and does not provide a general protocol to utilize deep-learning-based counting.In this paper,we provide a comprehensive pipeline from data collection to model deployment in deep-learning-assisted panicle yield estimation for sorghum.This pipeline provides a basis from data collection and model training,to model validation and model deployment in commercial fields.Accurate model training is the foundation of the pipeline.However,in natural environments,the deployment dataset is frequently different from the training data(domain shift)causing the model to fail,so a robust model is essential to build a reliable solution.Although we demonstrate our pipeline in a sorghum field,the pipeline can be generalized to other grain species.Our pipeline provides a high-resolution head density map that can be utilized for diagnosis of agronomic variability within a field,in a pipeline built without commercial software.

关键词： crops breeding utilize

Erratum to “A gyroscope-based system for intraoperative measurement of tibia coronal plane alignment in total knee arthroplasty” [Med Nov Technol Dev, 13, 2022, 100112]

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第1期21卷 120-120页

作者： Michael A.Kokko Ryan M.chapman Martin W.Roche Douglas W.Van Citters Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth College 14 Engineering DriveHanoverNH03755USA Department of Kinesiology College of Health SciencesUniversity of Rhode Island25 W.Independence WayKingstonRI02881USA Orthopedic Research Institute Holy Cross Hospital 4725 N Federal Hwy.FtLauderdaleFL33308USA

The publisher would like to include the Ethical approval and informed consent statement for this paper.This study did not involve human subjects or animal research,and was therefore not subject to institutional ethics approval and did not require informed consent.The single cadaveric specimen used in ex vivo evaluation was obtained from Science Care(https://***/)and was handled in accordance with applicable Science Care policy.

关键词： approval statement alignment

Inter-relationships between gastric emptying and glycaemia:Implications for clinical practice

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第5期14卷 447-459页

作者： Tejaswini Arunachala Murthy Marianne chapman Karen L Jones Michael Horowitz Chinmay S Marathe Adelaide Medical School University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology Interventions and OutcomesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia

Gastric emptying(GE)exhibits a wide inter-individual variation and is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and diabetes;the rise in blood glucose following oral carbohydrate is greater when GE is relatively more rapid and more sustained when glucose tolerance is impaired.Conversely,GE is influenced by the acute glycaemic environment acute hyperglycaemia slows,while acute hypoglycaemia accelerates it.Delayed GE(gastroparesis)occurs frequently in diabetes and critical illness.In diabetes,this poses challenges for management,particularly in hospitalised individuals and/or those using insulin.In critical illness it compromises the delivery of nutrition and increases the risk of regurgitation and aspiration with consequent lung dysfunction and ventilator dependence.Substantial advances in knowledge relating to GE,which is now recognised as a major determinant of the magnitude of the rise in blood glucose after a meal in both health and diabetes and,the impact of acute glycaemic environment on the rate of GE have been made and the use of gut-based therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,which may profoundly impact GE,in the management of type 2 diabetes,has become commonplace.This necessitates an increased understanding of the complex inter-relationships of GE with glycaemia,its implications in hospitalised patients and the relevance of dysglycaemia and its management,particularly in critical illness.Current approaches to management of gastroparesis to achieve more personalised diabetes care,relevant to clinical practice,is detailed.Further studies focusing on the interactions of medications affecting GE and the glycaemic environment in hospitalised patients,are required.

关键词： Glycaemia Gastric emptying Clinical practice Glucagon-like peptide-1