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Comprehensive Analysis of Pan-African Mitochondrial DNA Variation Provides New Insights into Continental Variation and Demography

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2016年第3期43卷 133-143页

作者： Maria Cerezo Leonor Gusmao Viktor Cerny Nabeel Uddin Denise Syndercombe-Court Alberto Gdmez-Carballa tanja gobel Peter M. Schneider Antonio Salas Unidade de Xenetica Departamento de Anatomia Patoloxica e Ciencias Forenses Instituto de Medicina Legal Facultade de Medicina Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Galicia 15782 Spain The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hinxton CBIO 1SA UK DNA Diagnostic Laboratory Institute of Biology State University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 20550-900 Brazil IPATIMUP Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Porto 4200-465 Portugal Archaeogenetics Laboratory Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Prague 118-01 Czech Republic Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine King's College London London SE1 9NH UK Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Blizard Institute London E1 2AT UK Institute of Legal Medicine Medical Faculty University of Cologne Cologne D-50823 Germany

Africa is the cradle of all human beings, and although it has been the focus of a number of genetic studies, there are many questions that remain unresolved. We have performed one of the largest and most comprehensive meta-analyses of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） lineages carried out in the African continent to date. We generated high-throughput mtDNA single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） data （230 SNPs） from 2024 Africans, where more than 500 of them were additionally genotyped for the control region. These data were analyzed together with over 12,700 control region profiles collected from the literature, representing more than 300 population samples from Africa. Insights into the African homeland of humans are discussed. Phylogeographic patterns for the African continent are shown at a high phylogeographic resolution as well as at the population and regional levels. The deepest branch of the mtDNA tree, haplogroup L0, shows the highest sub-haplogroup diversity in Southeast and East Africa, suggesting this region as the homeland for modem humans. Several demographic estimates point to the coast as a facilitator of human migration in Africa, but the data indicate complex patterns, perhaps mirroring the effect of recent continental-scaled demographic events in re-shaping African mtDNA variability.

关键词： mtDNA Haplotype Haplogroup SNP MALDI-TOF

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1996年德国石荷西部沿岸水域浮游植物种群变动及其整齐圆筛藻赤潮(英文)

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生态学报 2001年第5期21卷 799-805页

作者：陆斗定 Jeanette gobel Erik Hagmeier 国家海洋局第二海洋研究所 Landesamtfür Naturund Umweltdes Landes Schleswig-Holstein Biologische Anstalt Helgol and Meeresstation

1 996年早春至初夏 ,德国石荷州西海岸水域尤其是在易白河河口附近海区发生了数次赤潮事件 ,河口区的高叶绿素浓度总是与低盐、高营养盐浓度的分布区吻合。从早春 3月至 5月底 ,发生了持续时间很长的大规模赤潮事件 ,其引发赤潮原因种... 详细信息

1 996年早春至初夏 ,德国石荷州西海岸水域尤其是在易白河河口附近海区发生了数次赤潮事件 ,河口区的高叶绿素浓度总是与低盐、高营养盐浓度的分布区吻合。从早春 3月至 5月底 ,发生了持续时间很长的大规模赤潮事件 ,其引发赤潮原因种为整齐圆筛藻 ,6月份对浮游植物生物量的贡献主要来自几种硅藻如微小细柱藻、聚生角毛藻、远洋角毛藻以及属于鞭毛藻类的棕囊藻群体 ,7月中旬 ,自养的纤毛虫类 Myrionecta rubra( Mesodinium rubrum)达到数量高峰。从 7月下旬至 8月中旬 ,以梭形角藻、叉状角藻占优势的甲藻类几乎贡献了全部的浮游植物生物量 ,8月中旬至 9月上旬为甲藻和硅藻等类别的混合期 ,9月中旬以后 ,硅藻重新占据浮游植物数量的绝对优势 ,主要优势种为浮动弯角藻、复瓦根管藻等 ,该海域浮游植物种群的演替反映了温带海域的特征。在早春发生的大规模赤潮期间 ,整齐圆筛藻的细胞密度达到2 1 80 cellsdm- 3,与之相对应的生物量为 758.1μg C dm- 3,占浮游植物生物量的 94 .2 % ,整齐圆筛藻的爆发性增殖所产生的大量油膜覆盖了黑尔果兰岛和东 Frisian群岛周围的海域。

关键词：浮游植物种群赤潮营养盐整齐圆筛藻德国西部沿岸水域

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Mathematical modeling of the biphasic dopaminergic response to glucose

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2011年第2期4卷 136-145页

作者： Matthias Chung Britta gobel Achim Peters Kerstin M.Oltmanns Andreas Moser Department of Mathematics Texas State UniversitySan MarcosUSA Institute of Mathematics and Image Computing Graduate School for Computing in Medicine and Life SciencesUniversity of LubeckLubeckGermany Medical Clinic I University of LubeckLubeckGermany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of LubeckLubeckGermany Department of Neurology University of LubeckLubeckGermany

In this work, we specify potential elements of the brain to sense and regulate the energy metabolism of the organism. Our numerical investigations base on neurochemical experiments demonstrating a biphasic association between brain glucose level and neuronal activity. The dynamics of high and low affine KATP channels are most likely to play a decisive role in neuronal activity. We develop a coupled Hodgkin-Huxley model describing the interactive behavior of inhibitory GABAergic and excitatory dopaminergic neurons projecting into the caudate nucleus. The novelty in our approach is that we include the synaptic coupling of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons as well as the interaction of high and low affine KATP channels. Both are crucial mechanisms described by kinetic models. Simulations demonstrate that our new model is coherent with neurochemical in vitro experiments. Even experimental interventions with glibenclamide and glucosamine are reproduced by our new model. Our results show that the considered dynamics of high and low affine KATP channels may be a driving force in energy sensing and global regulation of the energy metabolism, which supports central aspects of the new Selfish Brain Theory. Moreover, our simulations suggest that firing frequencies and patterns of GABAergic and dopaminergic neurons are correlated to their neurochemical outflow.

关键词： Neuronal Model Coupled Neurons Dopamine GABA K-ATP Channels Biphasic Glibenclamide Glucosamine

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First observation of Karlodinium venef icum from the East China Sea and the coastal waters of Germany

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第6期30卷 112-121页

作者： WANG Hongxia LU Douding HUANG Haiyan gobel Jeaaette DAI Xinfeng XIA Ping State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics the Second Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Hangzhou 310012 China Landesamt fiir Landwirtschaft Umwelt und landliche Raume Flintbek 24220 Germany

Harmful algal blooms often occurred in the East China Sea （ECS） and the German coastal waters of the North Sea but Karlodinium veneficum had not been taxonomically reported. Two strains of Karlodinium （LAMB090611 and LAMB010601） were isolated from the two areas in 2009. The morphological characteristics and molecular phylogeny of two strains are compared on the basis of observation of a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope （SEM）, a laser scanning micro-scope （LSM） and an internal transcribed spacer （ITS） sequence data. The mean cell length of strain LAMB090611 is （14.2 ± 1.8） μm （range 11.1–18.7 μm） and mean width is （10.8 ± 1.5） μm （range 8.2– 14.7 μm）. The mean cell length of strain LAMB010601 is （15.1 ± 1.2） μm （range 12.7–17.9 μm） and the mean width is （11.4 ± 1.1） μm （range 9.1–14.7 μm）, respectively. The two strains are similar in morphological characteristics, including a straight apical groove, distinct ventral pore, sulcal extension, cingulum displacement, two or four irregular shaped chloroplasts within the cell and almost equal sized epicone and hypocone. The large and round nucleus is located at the center or at the hypocone of the cell. The sequence length of the ECS strain LAMB090611 and the German strain LAMB010601 is 640 and 646 bp, respectively. The GC content is 49%. The nucleotide similarity of the two strains is 98.1%. The sequence divergence is 0.003. Both strains are confirmed as Karlo-dinium veneficum （D. Ballantine） J. Larsen and this is the first taxonomic report from China and Germany coastal waters. The population dynamics of this toxic species in the ECS and German coastal waters needs to be investigated in the near future.

关键词： Karlodinium veneficum East China Sea morphological characteristic scanning electron microscope internal transcribed spacer phylogeny

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A new device for the identification of lymph nodes removed during different types of neck dissection

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Health 2010年第9期2卷 1093-1096页

作者： Imre Gerlinger Tamas Ferenc Molnar Tamas Jarai Peter Moricz Gabor Rath Gyula gobel Department of Otorhinolaryngology&Head and Neck Surgery Medical SchoolUniversity of PecsPecsHungary Department of Otorhinolaryngology&Surgery Medical SchoolUniversity of PecsPecsHungary

Meticulous mapping of the lymph node status is a general principle in present-day head and neck surgery. The removal of a certain number of lymphatic levels during neck dissection may well be therapeutic in intent, but it is also mandatory for correct tumour staging. We pre- sent a precise lymph node mapping during dif- ferent types of neck dissection in the course of major head and neck surgery by a sterile plastic tray moulded in the shape of the neck. This de- vice makes lymph node mapping simpler, safer, quicker and methodically more structured than any of the present methods. It facilitates the work of the pathologist and the flow of reliable information along the surgeon-pathologist- oncologist chain. With this device, a more stru- ctured, methodical means of lymph node removal has become possible.

关键词： Head and Neck Surgery Lymph Node Mapping Neck Dissection

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Computerized Cognitive Training in Healthy Older Adults:Baseline Cognitive Level and Subjective Cognitive Concerns Predict Training Outcome

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Health 2018年第1期10卷 20-55页

作者： Elke Kalbe Christophe Bintener Anja Ophey Christian Reuter Stefan gobel Silvie Kloters Gisela Baller Josef Kessler Department of Medical Psychology/Neuropsychology and Gender Studies&Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention(CeNDI) University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Institute of Gerontology Department of Psychological GerontologyUniversity of VechtaVechtaGermany Multimedia Communications Lab-KOM Technische Universitat DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany Department of Neurology University Hospital CologneCologneGermany

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) can improve cognition in older adults. However, specific programs for this target group have rarely been developed, and predictors of training success are largely unclear. In a randomized controlled pilot trial, we examined effects of a six-week CCT, tailored to the cognitive profile of healthy older adults (EG, n = 21) as compared to a nonspecific CCT (CG, n = 18) matched in frequency and intensity. No interaction effects between Group and Time were found. However, within-group analysis showed significant gains in verbal and non-verbal memory, executive and visuospatial functions and subjective cognitive concerns (SCC) in the EG, while the CG only benefitted in non-verbal memory and set-shifting. Low cognitive performance and lower SCC at baseline were the most consistent predictors of cognitive gains in the EG. Thus, CCTs specifically tailored to older adults seem advantageous compared to non-specific CCT. Further, we conclude that SCC may be related to reduced cognitive plasticity.

关键词： Computerized Cognitive Training Older Adults Subjective Cognitive Decline Psychoeducation Predictors

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Transient elastography improves detection of liver cirrhosis compared to routine screening tests

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第3期21卷 953-960页

作者： Thomas gobel Janine Schadewaldt-Tümmers Lucas Greiner Christopher Poremba Dieter Haussinger Andreas Erhardt Klinik für Gastroenterologie Hepatologie und InfektiologieUniversitatsklinikum Düsseldorf40225 DüsseldorfGermany Klinik für Gastroenterologie Hepatologie und DiabetologiePetrus-Krankenhaus Wuppertal42283 WuppertalGermany Pathologie München-Nord Ernst-Platz-StraBe 280992 MünchenGermany

AIM:To investigate the diagnostic significance oftransient elastography(TE) in a daily routine clinical setting in comparison to clinical signs,laboratory parameters and ***:TE,ultrasound,laboratory parameters and cutaneous liver signs were assessed in 291 consecutive patients with chronic liver disease of various aetiologies who underwent liver biopsy in daily ***:Sensitivity of TE for the detection of liver cirrhosis was 90.4%,compared to 80.1% for ultrasound,58.0% for platelet count and 45.1% for cutaneous liver signs(P < 0.0001 for comparisons with histology).AUROC for TE was 0.760(95%CI:0.694-0.825).Combination of TE with ultrasound increased sensitivity to 96.1% and AUROC to 0.825(95%CI:0.768-0.882).TE correlated with laboratory parameters of cirrhosis progression like albumin(r =-0.43),prothrombin time(r =-0.44),and bilirubin(r = 0.34; P < 0.001 for each).Particularly,in patients with Child Pugh score A or normal platelet count TE improved sensitivity for the detection of liver cirrhosis compared to ultrasound by 14.1%(P < 0.04) and 16.3%(P < 0.02),***:Transient elastography is superior to routine diagnostic tests allowing detection of liver cirrhosis in additional 10%-16% of patients with chronic liver disease that would have been missed by clinical examinations.

关键词： Transient elastography Fibroscan Liver cirrhosis Liver disease Chronic hepatitis

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量子计量学

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国外科技新书评介 2016年第7期 3-4页

作者： Ernst O. gobel

国际单位制（sI）是世界上使用得最广泛的测量制，每天都在商业或科学领域应用，公制是它的现代形式。它通常包括米（m）、千克（kg）、秒（s）、安培（A）、开尔文（K）、烛光（cd）和摩尔（mol）。因为测量技术的改进以及测量精度的... 详细信息

国际单位制（sI）是世界上使用得最广泛的测量制，每天都在商业或科学领域应用，公制是它的现代形式。它通常包括米（m）、千克（kg）、秒（s）、安培（A）、开尔文（K）、烛光（cd）和摩尔（mol）。因为测量技术的改进以及测量精度的提高，单位制在不断地变化，单位及单位的定义也在不断地改进。目前正在用自然常数以及它们的量子标准为基础来重新定义sI。

关键词：量子计量学国际单位制测量精度测量技术自然常数开尔文定义公制

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PERIFASCICULAR　EXPRESSION　OF　THE　NEURAL　CELL　ADHESION　MOLECULE　IN　INTERSTITIAL　MYOSITIS

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中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志 1996年第3期3卷 129-136页

作者： D Heu β A Engelhardt H gobel H Stefan B Neundorfer(Department of Neurology,Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg,Germany)

（１）目的：突发性多发性肌炎（ＩＰＭ）、皮肌炎（ＤＭ）和包含体肌炎（ＩＢＭ）在形态学上定义明确，但仅有间质性肌炎的诊断标准不够明确。为了确定ＩＢＭ形态学上的特征，作者用光镜试图探索肌纤维束周Ｌｅｕ１９抗原表达对ＩＢＭ... 详细信息

（１）目的：突发性多发性肌炎（ＩＰＭ）、皮肌炎（ＤＭ）和包含体肌炎（ＩＢＭ）在形态学上定义明确，但仅有间质性肌炎的诊断标准不够明确。为了确定ＩＢＭ形态学上的特征，作者用光镜试图探索肌纤维束周Ｌｅｕ１９抗原表达对ＩＢＭ的诊断意义。（２）方法：１５例无肌无力的正常对照，１２例ＩＰＭ，１４例ＤＭ，２６例ＩＢＭ，８例坏死性血管炎（ＮＶ），１５例神经性肌萎缩（ＮＭ），作肌肉活检。除作常规光镜检查外，还作免疫组化研究，用小鼠抗Ｌｅｕ１９、Ｌｅｕ２ａ、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ１６、ＣＤ２２、ＣＤ６８、Ｃ５ｂ－９单克隆抗体作一抗，再用碱性磷酸酶抗碱性磷酸酶法显色。（３）结果：肌纤维束周Ｌｅｕ１９抗原表达阳性率：ＩＢＤ、ＤＭ和ＮＶ依次为８５％、１００％和１００％，而正常对照、ＮＭ均为０％。（４）结论：在其它方面正常而有肌纤维束周Ｌｅｕ１９抗原表达是ＩＢＭ的病理学特征，所以可能有诊断价值。

关键词：间质性肌炎,免疫组织化学,神经细胞粘附分子,Leu19抗原

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浙江海区赤潮生物监测与赤潮实时预测

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东海海洋 2000年第2期18卷 33-44页

作者：陆斗定 J.gobel 王春生刘镇盛国家海洋局第二海洋研究所浙江杭州310012 Landesamt für-Naturund Umweltdes Landes Schleswig-Holstein

根据赤潮生物细胞密度法及其增长速率和其它理化的环境要素 ,并结合卫星遥感实时监测 ,对浙北海域的夜光藻等引发的赤潮进行了试验性预警和实时预测 ,为预防和减少赤潮灾害进行了有益的探索。

关键词：赤潮生物富营养化增殖速率实时预测赤潮

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