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Features of hepatocellular carcinoma in Hispanics differ from African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites

World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第7期9卷 391-400页

作者： Neeta K Venepalli Mary V Modayil Stephanie A Berg tad d nair Mayur Parepally Priyanka Rajaram Ron C Gaba James T Bui Yue Huang Scott J Cotler department of Medicine Section of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Illinois at Chicago Applied Research and Evaluation Services Department of Evaluation and AnalyticsPrimary Health CareAlberta Health Services department of Medicine Division Hematology OncologyLoyola University Medical Center department of Radiology Section of Interventional RadiologyUniversity of Illinois at Chicago department of Medicine Division of HepatologyLoyola University Medical Center

AIM To compare features of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in Hispanics to those of African Americans and *** Patients treated for HCC at an urban tertiary medical center from 2005 to 2011 were identified from a tumor registry. data were collected retrospectively, including demographics, comorbidities, liver disease characteristics, tumor parameters, treatment, and survival(OS) outcomes. OS analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier *** One hundred and ninety-five patients with HCC were identified: 80.5% were male, and 22% were age 65 or older. Mean age at HCC diagnosis was 59.7 ± 9.8 years. Sixty-one point five percent of patients had Medicare or Medicaid; 4.1% were uninsured. Compared to African American(31.2%) and White(46.2%) patients, Hispanic patients(22.6%) were more likely to have diabetes(P = 0.0019), hyperlipidemia(P = 0.0001), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)(P = 0.0021), end stage renal disease(P = 0.0057), and less likely to have hepatitis C virus(P d to African Americans, Hispanics were more likely to meet criteria for metabolic syndrome(P = 0.0491), had higher median MELd scores(P = 0.0159), ascites(P = 0.008), and encephalopathy(P = 0.0087). Hispanic patients with HCC had shorter OS than the other racial groups(P = 0.020), despite similarities in HCC parameters and treatment. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Hispanic patients with HCC have higher incidence of modifiable metabolic risk factors including NASH, and shorter OS than African American and White patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Epidemiology Treatment pattern Survival Hispanics

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Cellular interplay to 3d in vitro microphysiological disease model:cell patterning microbiota-gut-brain axis

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Bio-design and Manufacturing 2024年第3期7卷 320-357页

作者： Kamare Alam Lakshmi nair Souvik Mukherjee Kulwinder Kaur Manjari Singh Santanu Kaity Velayutham Ravichandiran Sugato Banerjee Subhadeep Roy department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Assam UniversitySilchar 788011India department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Guru Ghasidas UniversityKoniBilaspur 495009C.G.India School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences RCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin D02 YN77Ireland Tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Anatomy and Regenerative MedicineRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublin D02 YN77Ireland department of Pharmaceutics National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India department of Natural Products National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchKolkataWest Bengal 700054India

The microbiota-gut-brain axis(MGBA)has emerged as a key prospect in the bidirectional communication between two major organ systems:the brain and the *** between the two organ systems allows the body to function without disease,whereas dysbiosis has long-standing evidence of etiopathological *** most common communication paths are the microbial release of metabolites,soluble neurotransmitters,and immune ***,each pathway is intertwined with a complex *** the emergence of in vitro models and the popularity of three-dimensional(3d)cultures and Transwells,engineering has become easier for the scientific understanding of neurodegenerative *** paper briefly retraces the possible communication pathways between the gut microbiome and the *** further elaborates on three major diseases:autism spectrum disorder,Parkinson’s disease,and Alzheimer’s disease,which are prevalent in children and the *** diseases also decrease patients’quality of ***,understanding them more deeply with respect to current advances in in vitro modeling is crucial for understanding the *** of MGBA in the laboratory uses many molecular technologies and biomaterial *** and organoids provide a more realistic picture of the cell and tissue structure than *** them with the Transwell system offers the advantage of compartmentalizing the two systems(apical and basal)while allowing physical and chemical cues between ***-edge technologies,such as bioprinting and microfluidic chips,might be the future of in vitro modeling,as they provide dynamicity.

关键词： Microbiota-gut-brain axis Neurodegeneration 3d disease model Organoid Transwell system

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Two-photon polymerization lithography for imaging optics

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 21-60页

作者： Hao Wang Cheng-Feng Pan Chi Li Kishan S Menghrajani Markus A Schmidt Aoling Li Fu Fan Yu Zhou Wang Zhang Hongtao Wang Parvathi nair Suseela nair John You En Chan Tomohiro Mori Yueqiang Hu Guangwei Hu Stefan A Maier Haoran Ren Huigao duan Joel K W Yang College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082People's Republic of China Engineering Product development Singapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation Hunan UniversityGuangzhou 511300People's Republic of China department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore4 Engineering Drive 3Singapore 117576Singapore School of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of ScienceMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3800Australia Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Otto Schott Institute of Material Research FSU Jena07745 JenaGermany Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR(Agency for Science Technology and Research)Singapore 138634Singapore Industrial Technology Center of Wakayama Prefecture Wakayama 6496261Japan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore department of Physics Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom

Optical imaging systems have greatly extended human visual capabilities,enabling the observation and understanding of diverse *** technologies span a broad spectrum of wavelengths from x-ray to radio frequencies and impact research activities and our daily *** glass lenses are fabricated through a series of complex processes,while polymers offer versatility and ease of ***,modern applications often require complex lens assemblies,driving the need for miniaturization and advanced designs with micro-and nanoscale features to surpass the capabilities of traditional fabrication ***-dimensional(3d)printing,or additive manufacturing,presents a solution to these challenges with benefits of rapid prototyping,customized geometries,and efficient production,particularly suited for miniaturized optical imaging *** 3d printing methods have demonstrated advantages over traditional counterparts,yet challenges remain in achieving nanoscale ***-photon polymerization lithography(TPL),a nanoscale 3d printing technique,enables the fabrication of intricate structures beyond the optical diffraction limit via the nonlinear process of two-photon absorption within liquid *** offers unprecedented abilities,***-free fabrication,micro-and nanoscale capabilities,and rapid prototyping of almost arbitrary complex 3d *** this review,we emphasize the importance of the criteria for optical performance evaluation of imaging devices,discuss material properties relevant to TPL,fabrication techniques,and highlight the application of TPL in optical *** the first panoramic review on this topic,it will equip researchers with foundational knowledge and recent advancements of TPL for imaging optics,promoting a deeper understanding of the *** leveraging on its high-resolution capability,extensive material range,and true 3d processing,alongside advances in materials,fabrication,and design,we en

关键词： two-photon polymerization lithography 3d printing additive manufacturing imaging optics and nanophotonics

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Pressure-responsive pH-triggered layer-by-layer coating of paclitaxel-eluting balloon catheters for instant high-dose drug delivery for percutaneous coronary artery intervention

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9141-9151页

作者： Jeong Yu Lee Shonit nair Sharma Sung-Yu Hong Young-Guk Ko Yangsoo Jang Minjae do Michael Christopher Stark Qiwen Peng Benjamin Allen Mossburg Bo Chan Seo Yuhan Lee department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 305-701Republic of Korea department of Anesthesiology Perioperativeand Pain MedicineCenter for Accelerated Medical Innovation&Center for NanomedicineBrigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea division of Cardiology Department of Internal MedicineSeverance Cardiovascular HospitalYonsei University College of MedicineSeoul 120-752Republic of Korea

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide,with percutaneous coronary interventions(PCI)using drug-eluting stents(dES)as the standard treatment for coronary artery *** advancements in dES technology,challenges such as restenosis and stent thrombosis still necessitate further interventions and carry considerable risks,highlighting an urgent need for a novel therapeutic approach with lower restenosis rates and reduced reintervention *** balloons(dEBs)coated with anti-proliferative agents offer a novel method of local drug delivery for reducing restenosis by directly administering drugs to the lesion ***,efficient delivery of drugs within the brief procedural window while minimizing drug loss during maneuvering to the target site remains a ***,we developed a pressure-responsive and pH-triggered,paclitaxel(PTX)coated dEB catheter for rapid and high-dose delivery of paclitaxel to the lesion sites,overcoming the limitations of drug dispersion and inefficiencies associated with conventional *** the charge reversion of albumin around its isoelectric point,paclitaxel-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles(PTX-HSA-NPs)and heparin were coated using a layer-by-layer deposition method at pH *** exposure to physiological pH(i.e.,7.4),the coating is rapidly released from the balloon *** with a protective shellac coating,the dEB achieved controlled release of high-dose paclitaxel to the arterial tissue in vivo(up to 400μg per gram tissue),exceeding current dEBs in the *** results suggest the pH-responsive,multi-layer coated dEB’s potential for superior procedural outcomes,addressing a critical unmet need in PCI.

关键词： drug-eluting balloon layer-by-layer coating coronary artery disease paclitaxel

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Basement tectonics and flexural subsidence along western continental margin of India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第5期8卷 1009-1024页

作者： d.K.Pandey Nisha nair Anju Pandey G. Sriram ESSO-National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research Goa India

The Paleocene-recent post-rift subsidence history recorded in the Mumbai Offshore Basin off western continental margin of India is examined. Results obtained through 2-d flexural backstripping modelling of new seismic data reveal considerable thermo-tectonic subsidence over last ca. 56 Myr. Reverse postrift subsidence modelling with variable β stretching factor predicts residual topography of ca. 2000 m to the west of Shelf Margin Basin and fails to restore late Paleocene horizon and the underlying igneous basement to the sea level. This potentially implies that:(1) either the igneous basement formed during the late Cretaceous was emplaced under open marine environs; or(2) a laterally varying cumulative subsidence occurred within Mumbai Offshore Basin(MOB) during ca. 68 to ca. 56 Ma. Pre-depositional topographic variations at ca. 56 Ma across the basin could be attributed to the extensional processes such as varied lower crustal underplating along Western Continental Margin of India(WCMI). Investigations about basement tectonics after unroofing of sediments since late Paleocene from this region support a transitional and heavily stretched nature of crust with high to very high β factors. Computations of past sediment accumulation rates show that the basin sedimentation peaked during late Miocene concurrently with uplift of Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau and intensification of Indian monsoon system. Results from basin subsidence modelling presented here may have significant implications for further studies attempting to explore tectono-climatic interactions in Asia.

关键词： Continental rifting Subsidence Mumbai Offshore Basin Backstripping Arabian Sea Laxmi Basin

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Analytical modeling of AlInSb/InSb MOS gate HEMT structure with improved performance

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2016年第3期7卷 386-394页

作者： T.d.Subash T.Gnanasekaran P.deepthi nair department of ECE K.N.S.K.College of Engineering Nagercoil TamilnaduIndia department of IT R.M.K.College of Engineering and Technology Chennai TamilnaduIndia department of ECE Annai Vailankanni College of Engineering Kanyakumari TamilnaduIndia

The performance of AlInSb/InSb heterostructure with various parameters is considered with T-Cad *** the heterojunctions are having more advantageous properties that is a real support for so many application such as solar cells,semiconductor cells and *** properties of semiconductors are discussed here with various parameters that are depending up on the performance of accurate device[Pardeshi H.,Pati S.K.,Raj G.,Mohankumar N.,Sarkar C.K.,***.33(12):124001-1–124001-7,2012].The maximum drain current density is achieved with improving the density of two-dimensional electron gas(2dEG)and with high *** electron mobility transistor(HEMT)structure is used with the different combinations of layers which have different *** such as electron mobility,bandgap,dielectric constant,etc.,are considered differently for each layer[Zhang A.,Zhang L.,Tang Z.,IEEE *** devices 61(3):755–761,2014].The high electron mobility electrons are now widely used in so many *** proposed work of AlInSb/InSb heterostructure implements the same process which will be a promise for future research works.

关键词： Heterostructure 2dEG HEMT bandgap

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Epidemic time series similarity is related to geographic distance and age structure

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Infectious disease Modelling 2022年第4期7卷 690-697页

作者： tad A.dallas Grant Foster Robert L.Richards Bret d.Elderd department of Biological Sciences University of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA70802USA

Objective:More similar locations may have similar infectious disease *** is clear overlap in putative causes for epidemic similarity,such as geographic distance,age structure,and population *** compare the effects of these potential drivers on epidemic similarity compared to a baseline assumption that differences in the basic reproductive number(R0)will translate to differences in epidemic ***:Using COVId-19 case counts from United States counties,we explore the importance of geographic distance,population size differences,and age structure dissimilarity on resulting epidemic ***:We find clear effects of geographic space,age structure,population size,and R0 on epidemic similarity,but notably the effect of age structure was stronger than the baseline assumption that differences in R0 would be most related to epidemic ***:Together,this highlights the role of spatial and demographic processes on SARS-CoV2 epidemics in the United States.

关键词： Epidemic similarity SARS-CoV2 Age structure distance decay

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Influence of cryogenic treatment on the wear characteristics of 100Cr6 bearing steel

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第1期21卷 46-51页

作者： R.Sri Siva d.Mohan Lal P.Kesavan nair M.Arockia Jaswin department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna University department of Metallurgical and Material Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Madras department of Mechanical Engineering Aksheyaa College of Engineering

A series of reciprocating wear tests were performed on the deep cryogenically treated and conventionally heat-treated samples of 100Cr6 bearing steel to study the wear resistance. The worn surfaces as well as the wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The improvement in wear resistance of the deep cryogenically treated samples ranges from 49% to 52%. This significant improvement in wear resistance can be attributed to finer carbide precipitation in the tempered martensitie matrix and the transformation of retained aus- tenite into martensite. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the volume fraction of retained austenite in the conventionally heat-treated samples is 14% and that of the deep cryogenically treated samples is only 3%.

关键词： bearing steel cryogenic treatment wear resistance carbides martensite

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Size tuning and oxygen plasma induced pore formation on silica nanoparticles

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2012年第3期22卷 193-200页

作者： Remya nair Y. Yoshida T. Maekawa d. Sakthi Kumarn BioNano Electronics Research Center Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science Toyo University

Silica nanoparticles have been prepared from tetraethylorthosilicate dissolved in ethanol followed by base-catalyzed condensation. Earlier works reported that at least four parameters, namely concentration of tetraethylorthosilicate, ethanol, water and ammonia solution are needed to be optimized for the size tuning of silica nanoparticles. In this work size tuning of 5 nm-250 nm has been achieved by varying a single synthesis parameter i.e., the concentration of ammonia solution. Oxygen plasma was found to be successful for generating pores on silica nanoparticles without using any structure directing agents. The properties and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy.

关键词： Silica nanoparticles Size tuning Plasma treatment Pore induction

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Contribution of leaf growth on the disappearance of fungicides used on tea under south Indian agroclimatic conditions

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2009年第6期10卷 422-426页

作者： Chinnachamy KARTHIKA Narayanan nair MURALEEdHARAN United Planter's Association of South India (UPASI) Tea Research Institute Tea Research Foundation Nirar Dam B.P.O United Planter's Association of South India (UPASI) Tea Research Institute Tea Research FoundationNirar Dam B.P.O

The sprayed chemicals on tea leaves disappear over a period of time by the influence of rainfall elution, evaporation, growth dilution, and photodegradation. Influence of plant growth on the four fungicides (hexaconazole, propiconazole, tridemorph, and c) was studied to know the constructive loss of fungicides. The study shows that residues of fungicides sprayed on tea shoots got diluted by the growing process. The expansion of a leaf took 8 to 11 d and more than 50% of the fungicide residues were cleaned out during this leaf expansion period. Under south Indian agroclimatic condition, the fungicides are sprayed at an interval of 10 d, so it is safe that the tea is harvested on the 10th day of the application of fungicides.

关键词： Tea shoots Growth dilution Fungicides Residue loss

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