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Recent Advances in High‑Efficiency Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Systems

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2023年第1期6卷 1-38页

作者： Xian‑Wei Lv wen‑wen tian Zhong‑Yong Yuan Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China

Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable energy input to produce clean hydrogen(H_(2))has been widely considered a prospective approach for a future hydrogen-based ***,the development of industrial alkaline water electrolyzers is hindered due to their unfavorable thermodynamics with high overpotential for delivering the whole process,caused by sluggish kinetics involving four-electron *** exploration of water electrolysis with low energy consumption and high efficiency is urgently required to meet the ever-growing energy storage and portfolio *** review emphasizes the strategies proposed thus far to pursue high-efficiency water electrolysis systems,including from the aspects of electro-catalysts(from monofunctional to bifunctional),electrode engineering(from powdery to self-supported),energy sources(from nonrenewable to renewable),electrolytes(from pure to hybrid),and cell configurations(from integrated to decoupled).Critical appraisals of the pivotal electrochemistry are highlighted to address the challenges in elevating the overall efficiency of water ***,valuable insights for the future development directions and bottlenecks of advanced,sustainable,and high-efficiency water splitting systems are outlined.

关键词： Electrocatalytic water splitting Hydrogen-based society Electrode engineering Cell configurations Challenges and perspectives

Ultrafast magnetization enhancement and spin current injection in magnetic multilayers by exciting the nonmagnetic metal

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第12期66卷 158-168页

作者： wen-tian Lu Zhe Yuan Xiaohong Xu Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceShanxi Normal UniversityTaiyuan 030032China Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China

A systematic investigation of spin injection behavior in Au/FM(FM=Fe and Ni)multilayers is performed using the superdiffusive spin transport *** exciting the nonmagnetic layer,the laser-induced hot electrons may transfer spin angular momentum into the adjacent ferromagnetic(FM)metals resulting in ultrafast demagnetization or *** find that these experimental phenomena sensitively depend on the particular interface reflectivity of hot electrons and may reconcile the different observations in the *** by the ultrafast spin currents carried by the hot electrons,we propose the multilayer structures to generate highly spin-polarized currents for the development of future ultrafast spintronics *** spin polarization of the electric currents carried by the hot electrons can be significantly enhanced by the joint effects of bulk and interfacial spin ***,the intensity of the generated spin current can be optimized by varying the number of repeated stacking units and the thickness of each metallic layer.

关键词： spintronics ultrafast magnetodynamics spin polarization transport magnetic multilayer

Ascending aorta dilatation reduces the influence of elevated pulse pressure on left ventricular hypertrophy:findings from a Chinese elderly hypertensive population

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第2期20卷 100-108页

作者： Yu-Qi JIANG Huan-Rui ZHANG Bo-Nan LIU tian-wen LI Jun-Feng JIANG wen tian Department of Geriatrics the First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina

OBJECTIVE To determine the role of ascending aorta dilatation in the relationship between pulse pressure(PP)and left ventricular(LV)*** A total of 1556 Chinese elderly hypertensive patients were retrospectively *** echocardiography was used to obtain the aortic and cardiac structure *** addition,brachial blood pressure was measured,and total arterial compliance,systemic vascular resistance,arterial elastance,and end-systolic LV elastance were *** participants were divided into four groups according to the status of ascending aortic diameter and *** LV mass index increased in succession in the four groups,i.e.,the group with the normal aorta and lower PP,with the normal aorta and higher PP,with aortic dilatation and lower PP,and with aortic dilatation and higher PP(Ptrend<0.001).Total arterial compliance−1,arterial elastance,and end-systolic LV elastance were slightly higher in the individuals with normal aorta compared to those with aortic dilatation,regardless of PP being lower or higher(P<0.01).Compared to the group with the normal aorta and lower PP,individuals with aortic dilatation had a significantly increased multivariable adjusted risk of LV hypertrophy,and higher PP further exacerbated this risk[aortic dilatation with lower PP(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.01–3.04)and aortic dilatation with higher PP(OR=3.42,95%CI:2.03–5.77)].In the relation between PP and LV mass index(β=0.095,P<0.001),-41.3%of the total effect was attributable to mediation by ascending aortic diameter(P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS In Chinese elderly patients with hypertension,ascending aorta dilatation could reduce the influence of elevated PP on LV hypertrophy.

关键词： elevated hypertensive hypertrophy

Monkeypox virus:past and present

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期19卷 224-230页

作者： Ya-Mei Dou Hang Yuan Hou-wen tian NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Disease Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionNational Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention155 Changbai RoadChangPing DistrictBeijing 102206China

Background The objective of this paper is to analyze the current status of monkeypox *** the face of this public health threat,our purpose is to elucidate the clinical characteristics and epidemiology of monkeypox,the developmental progress of monkeypox-related drugs and the vaccines *** sources The literature review was performed in databases including PubMed,Science Direct and Google Scholar up to July *** Since May 2022,the World Health Organization has reported more than 45,000 confirmed cases from 92 nonendemic countries,including nine *** some women and children have been infected so far,most cases have occurred among men who have sex with other men,especially those with multiple sexual partners or anonymous *** Pediatric monkeypox infection has been associated with a higher likelihood of severe illness and mortality than in *** monkeypox illness in pediatrics often requires adjunctive antiviral *** is crucial for all countries to establish sound monitoring and testing systems and be prepared with emergency preparedness.

关键词： Monkeypox Orthopoxvirus Smallpox Zoonotic

Structure and Dynamics of Artificial Regulatory Networks Evolved by Segmental Duplication and Divergence Model

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2010年第1期7卷 105-114页

作者： Xiang-Hong Lin tian-wen Zhang School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 PRC School of Mathematics and Information Science Northwest Normal University Lanzhou 730070 PRC

Based on a model of network encoding and dynamics called the artificial genome, we propose a segmental duplication and divergence model for evolving artificial regulatory networks. We find that this class of networks share structural properties with natural transcriptional regulatory networks. Specifically, these networks can display scale-free and small-world structures. We also find that these networks have a higher probability to operate in the ordered regimen, and a lower probability to operate in the chaotic regimen. That is, the dynamics of these networks is similar to that of natural networks. The results show that the structure and dynamics inherent in natural networks may be in part due to their method of generation rather than being exclusively shaped by subsequent evolution under natural selection.

关键词： Genetic regulatory network (GRN) artificial regulatory network (ARN) segmental duplication and divergence scale-free small-world largest Lyapunov exponent.

Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type i superinfection： implications in vaccine design

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Frontiers of Medicine 2017年第4期11卷 480-489页

作者： Yang Gao wen tian Xiaoxu Han Feng Gao Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of Nattonal Health and Famdy Plannmg Commtsston Department of Laboratory Medicme The First Affiliated Hospital China Medical University Shenyang 110001 China National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine School of Life Sciences Jilin University Changehun 130012 China Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I （HIV-1）. Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.

关键词： human immunodeficiency virus type I superinfection incidence immtme response

Biological Cycles of Mineral Elements in a Young Mixed Stand in Abandoned Mining Soils

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第9期49卷 1284-1293页

作者： Da-Lun tian wen-Hua Xiang wen-De Yan wen-Xing Kang Xiang-wen Deng Zhu Fan Research Section of Ecology Central-South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha 410004 China

Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biological cycles of five nutrient elements （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） and eight heavy metal elements （Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co） were examined in young paniculed goldraintree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） mixed stands in an abandoned mining area. We found that after vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas, the organic matter and concentrations of nutrient elements were significantly increased and the heavy metal elements were significantly decreased, the annual retention, uptake and return were 75.0, 115.4, and 40.3 kg/hm^2 for nutrient elements, and 1 878.0, 3 231.0 and 1 353.0 g/hm^2 for heavy metal elements, respectively, with the utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and turnover rate of 0.92, 0.35 and 0.32 for nutrient elements, and 1.24, 0.42 and 1.92 for heavy metal elements, respectively. Our results suggested that the vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas had significant effects in improving environmental conditions, enhancing soil available nutrients, and ensuring human health.

关键词： abandoned mining areas biological cycle common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) heavy metal elements mixed stand paniculed goldraintree (Koelreuteria paniculata).

Tumor Susceptibility in Proteus Syndrome: a Case Report

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2014年第2期29卷 120-121页

作者： Wei Ma wen tian Department of Hand Surgery Beijing Jishuitan Hospital

PROTEUS syndrome is characterized by patchy and progressive overgrowth affecting multiple tissues, including bone, soft tissue, and skin, along with susceptibility to the development oftumors. It was originally described by Cohen and Hayden in 19791 and named by Wiedmann in 1983.2 The cause of Proteus syndrome is proposed to be a somatic mutation that is lethal in non-mosaic state; cells derived from the mutated cell line carrying this mutation result in anomalies in multiple tissues.3 The clinical manifestations are variable,

关键词： Proteus syndrome somatic mutation tumor susceptibility

A Smart Mathematic Morphology Method for Recognition and Understanding of Airfield

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第5期10卷 867-872页

作者： WANG Zhi-cheng tian Yan tian Jin-wen LIU Jian LIANG Chao-sheng TAO wen-bin State Education Commission Key Laboratory for Image Processing and Intelligence Control Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 Hubei China Department of Electronics and Information Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China Institute for Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 Hubei China

A method used for recognition and understanding of airfield based on mathematical morphology is proposed in this paper. The new approach can he divided into three steps. First, to extract the typical geometric structure features of airfield, a segmentation method called recursive Otsu algorithm is employed on an airfield image. Second, thinning and shrinking algorithms are utilized to obtain the contour of airfield with single pixel and to remove diffused small particles. Finally, Radon transform is adopted to extract two typical and important components, primary and secondary runways of airfield exactly. At the same time, region growing algorithm is exploited to get the other components such as parking apron and garages. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method gives good performance.

关键词： mathematical morphology shrinking algorithm Radon transform Region growing