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Four decades of full-scale nitrous oxide emission inventory in China

National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 137-149页

作者： Minqi Liang Zheyan Zhou Peiyang Ren han Xiao Xu-Ri Zhongmin Hu Shilong Piao hanqin tian Qing Tong Feng Zhou Jing Wei Wenping Yuan School of Atmospheric Sciences Guangdong Province Data Center of Terrestrial and Marine Ecosystems Carbon Cycle Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province Hainan University Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking University Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Boston College Institute of Energy Environment and Economy Tsinghua University Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)

China is among the top nitrous oxide（N2O）-emitting countries, but existing national inventories do not provide full-scale emissions including both natural and anthropogenic sources. We conducted a four-decade（1980–2020） of comprehensive quantification of Chinese N2O inventory using empirical emission factor method for anthropogenic sources and two up-to-date process-based models for natural sources. Total N2O emissions peaked at 2287.4（1774.8–2799.9） Gg N2O yr-1in 2018, and agriculture-developed regions, like the East, Northeast, and Central, were the top N2O-emitting regions. Agricultural N2O emissions have started to decrease after 2016 due to the decline of nitrogen fertilization applications, while, industrial and energetic sources have been dramatically increasing after 2005. N2O emissions from agriculture, industry,energy, and waste represented 49.3%, 26.4%, 17.5%, and 6.7% of the anthropogenic emissions in 2020,respectively, which revealed that it is imperative to prioritize N2O emission mitigation in agriculture,industry, and energy. Natural N2O sources, dominated by forests, have been steadily growing from 317.3（290.3–344.1） Gg N2O yr-1in 1980 to 376.2（335.5–407.2） Gg N2O yr-1in 2020. Our study produces a Full-scale Annual N2O dataset in China（FAN2020）, providing emergent counting to refine the current national N2O inventories.

关键词： nitrous oxide four decades anthropogenic sources natural sources

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CRISPR/CasΦ2-mediated gene editing in wheat and rye

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第4期66卷 638-641页

作者： Sanzeng Zhao Xueying han Yachen Zhu Yuwei han Huiyun Liu Zhen Chen Huifang Li Dan Wang Chaofan tian Yuting Yuan Yajie Guo Xiaomin Si Daowen Wang Xiang Ji State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and Center for Crop Genome EngineeringCollege of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou 450046China State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement College of AgronomyHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China The Shennong Laboratory Zhengzhou 450002China

The recent advancements in developing the CRISPR/Cas9 system and various derivative tools(e.g.,base editors)have accelerated basic plant science research and crop improvement by creating multiple types of genetic vari... 详细信息

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 CRISPR/Cas

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When Does Sora Show:The Beginning of TAO to Imaginative Intelligence and Scenarios Engineering

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 809-815页

作者： Fei-Yue Wang Qinghai Miao Lingxi Li Qinghua Ni Xuan Li Juanjuan Li Lili Fan Yonglin tian Qing-Long han School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolisIN 46202USA Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Virtual Reality Fundamental Research Laboratory Department of Mathematics and TheoriesPeng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518000China State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China School of Science Computing and Engineering TechnologiesSwinburne University of TechnologyMelbourneVIC 3122Australia

DURING our discussion at workshops for writing“What Does ChatGPT Say:The DAO from Algorithmic Intelligence to Linguistic Intelligence”[1],we had expected the next milestone for Artificial Intelligence(AI)would be in the direction of Imaginative Intelligence(II),i.e.,something similar to automatic wordsto-videos generation or intelligent digital movies/theater technology that could be used for conducting new“Artificiofactual Experiments”[2]to replace conventional“Counterfactual Experiments”in scientific research and technical development for both natural and social studies[2]-[6].Now we have OpenAI’s Sora,so soon,but this is not the final,actually far away,and it is just the beginning.

关键词： something Intelligence replace

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The Roadmap of 2D Materials and Devices Toward Chips

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 343-438页

作者： Anhan Liu Xiaowei Zhang Ziyu Liu Yuning Li Xueyang Peng Xin Li Yue Qin Chen Hu Yanqing Qiu han Jiang Yang Wang Yifan Li Jun Tang Jun Liu Hao Guo Tao Deng Songang Peng He tian tian‑Ling Ren School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China School of Microelectronics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Sensing and Precision MeasurementNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051People’s Republic of China High‑Frequency High‑Voltage Device and Integrated Circuits R&D Center Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029People’s Republic of China School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044People’s Republic of China School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People’s Republic of China IMECAS-HKUST-Joint Laboratory of Microelectronics Beijing 100029People’s Republic of China

Due to the constraints imposed by physical effects and performance degra certain limitations in sustaining the advancement of Moore’s law.Two-dimensional(2D)materials have emerged as highly promising candidates for the post-Moore era,offering significant potential in domains such as integrated circuits and next-generation computing.Here,in this review,the progress of 2D semiconductors in process engineering and various electronic applications are summarized.A careful introduction of material synthesis,transistor engineering focused on device configuration,dielectric engineering,contact engineering,and material integration are given first.Then 2D transistors for certain electronic applications including digital and analog circuits,heterogeneous integration chips,and sensing circuits are discussed.Moreover,several promising applications(artificial intelligence chips and quantum chips)based on specific mechanism devices are introduced.Finally,the challenges for 2D materials encountered in achieving circuit-level or system-level applications are analyzed,and potential development pathways or roadmaps are further speculated and outlooked.

关键词： Two-dimensional materials Roadmap Integrated circuits Post-Moore era

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Stability analysis of tunnel face reinforced with face bolts

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2445-2461页

作者： tian Chongming JIANG Yin YE Fei OUYANG Aohui han Xingbo SONG Guifeng School of Highway Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China Civil Structural&Environmental EngineeringUniversity College CorkCork T12 YF78Ireland Yunnan Laman Expressway Co.Ltd. Xishuangbanna 666300China

Face bolting has been widely utilized to enhance the stability of tunnel face,particularly in soft soil tunnels.However,the influence of bolt reinforcement and its layout on tunnel face stability has not been systematically studied.Based on the theory of linear elastic mechanics,this study delved into the specific mechanisms of bolt reinforcement on the tunnel face in both horizontal and vertical dimensions.It also identified the primary failure types of bolts.Additionally,a design approach for tunnel face bolts that incorporates spatial layout was established using the limit equilibrium method to enhance the conventional wedge-prism model.The proposed model was subsequently validated through various means,and the specific influence of relevant bolt design parameters on tunnel face stability was analyzed.Furthermore,design principles for tunnel face bolts under different geological conditions were presented.The findings indicate that bolt failure can be categorized into three stages:tensile failure,pullout failure,and comprehensive failure.Increasing cohesion,internal friction angle,bolt density,and overlap length can effectively enhance tunnel face stability.Due to significant variations in stratum conditions,tailored design approaches based on specific failure stages are necessary for bolt design.

关键词： Highway tunnels Tunnel face Face bolts Limit equilibrium method Slice method

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Imbalance of Circulating Follicular Regulatory and Follicular Helper T Cell Subpopulations Is Associated with Disease Progression and Serum CYFRA 21-1 Levels in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

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Current Medical Science 2024年第1期44卷 102-109页

作者： tian-ci LIU Mo-han ZHENG Xing-yue ZENG Rui KANG Ayibaota Bahabayi Bulidierxin Tuerhanbayi Song-song LU Chen LIU Department of Clinical Laboratory Peking University People's HospitalBeijing 100044China School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China

Objective This study aimed to investigate the changes of follicular helper T(TFH)and follicular regulatory T(TFR)cell subpopulations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and their significance.Methods Peripheral blood was collected from 58 NSCLC patients at different stages and 38 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was used to detect TFH cell subpopulation based on programmed death 1(PD-1)and inducible co-stimulator(ICOS),and TFR cell subpopulation based on cluster determinant 45RA(CD45RA)and forkhead box protein P3(FoxP3).The levels of interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-17a(IL-17a),interleukin-21(IL-21),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)in the plasma were measured,and changes in circulating B cell subsets and plasma IgG levels were also analyzed.The correlation between serum cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1(CYFRA 21-1)levels and TFH,TFR,or B cell subpopulations was further explored.Results The TFR/TFH ratio increased significantly in NSCLC patients.The CD45RA^(+)FoxP3^(int) TFR subsets were increased,with their proportions increasing in stages Ⅱ to Ⅲ and decreasing in stage IV.PD-1^(+)ICOS+TFH cells showed a downward trend with increasing stages.Plasma IL-21 and TGF-β concentrations were increased in NSCLC patients compared with healthy controls.Plasmablasts,plasma IgG levels,and CD45RA^(+)FoxP3^(int) TFR cells showed similar trends.TFH numbers and plasmablasts were positively correlated with CYFRA 21-1 in stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ and negatively correlated with CYFRA 21-1 in stage IV.Conclusion Circulating TFH and TFR cell subpopulations and plasmablasts dynamically change in different stages of NSCLC,which is associated with serum CYFRA 21-1 levels and reflects disease progression.

关键词： non-small cell lung cancer follicular helper T cells follicular regulatory T cells progression

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Bioinspired Multifunctional Self-Sensing Actuated Gradient Hydrogel for Soft-Hard Robot Remote Interaction

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 139-152页

作者： He Liu Haoxiang Chu Hailiang Yuan Deliang Li Weisi Deng Zhiwei Fu Ruonan Liu Yiying Liu Yixuan han Yanpeng Wang Yue Zhao Xiaoyu Cui Ye tian College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110169People’s Republic of China Foshan Graduate School of Innovation Northeastern UniversityFoshan 528300People’s Republic of China

The development of bioinspired gradient hydrogels with self-sensing actuated capabilities for remote interaction with soft-hard robots remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we propose a novel multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel that combines ultrafast actuation and high sensitivity for remote interaction with robotic hand. The gradient network structure, achieved through a wettability difference method involving the rapid precipitation of MoO_(2) nanosheets, introduces hydrophilic disparities between two sides within hydrogel. This distinctive approach bestows the hydrogel with ultrafast thermo-responsive actuation(21° s^(-1)) and enhanced photothermal efficiency(increase by 3.7 ℃ s^(-1) under 808 nm near-infrared). Moreover, the local cross-linking of sodium alginate with Ca^(2+) endows the hydrogel with programmable deformability and information display capabilities. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibits high sensitivity(gauge factor 3.94 within a wide strain range of 600%), fast response times(140 ms) and good cycling stability. Leveraging these exceptional properties, we incorporate the hydrogel into various soft actuators, including soft gripper, artificial iris, and bioinspired jellyfish, as well as wearable electronics capable of precise human motion and physiological signal detection. Furthermore, through the synergistic combination of remarkable actuation and sensitivity, we realize a self-sensing touch bioinspired tongue. Notably, by employing quantitative analysis of actuation-sensing, we realize remote interaction between soft-hard robot via the Internet of Things. The multifunctional self-sensing actuated gradient hydrogel presented in this study provides a new insight for advanced somatosensory materials, self-feedback intelligent soft robots and human–machine interactions.

关键词： Self-sensing Gradient structure Bioinspired actuator Hydrogel sensor Remote interaction

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Microbiota in colorectal cancer related to liver metastasis

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第1期36卷 17-24页

作者： Peijun Wei Weiming han Zitong Zhang Xue tian Chen Yang Qiaoxuan Wang Weihao Xie Ying Liu Yuanhong Gao Hui Chang Department of Radiation Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou 510060China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Guangzhou 510060China Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou 510060China Department of Pediatric Oncology State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaGuangzhou 510060China

The prevalence of colorectal cancer(CRC) is increasing annually and metastasis is the principal cause of death in patients with CRC, with the liver being the most frequently affected site. Many studies have shown a strong interplay between the gut flora, particularly Fusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum), Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis, and the development of gut tumors. Some strains can induce gut inflammation and produce toxins that directly harm gut epithelial cells, ultimately accelerating the onset and progression of CRC. However,little clinical evidence exists on the specific interplay between the gut microflora and colorectal cancer liver metastasis(CRLM). Some research showed the existence of viable F. nucleatum in distant metastasis of CRC.Subsequently, gut microbiota products, such as lipopolysaccharides, sodium butyrate, and protein cathepsin K, were also found to affect the development of CRC. This article summarizes the mechanism and research status of the interplay between gut microflora and CRLM, discusses the importance of gut microflora in the treatment of CRLM, and proposes a new approach to understanding the mechanism of CRLM and potential treatments for the microbiome. It is anticipated that the gut microbiota will be a formidable therapeutic and prophylactic tool for treating and preventing CRLM.

关键词： Gut microbiota liver metastasis colorectal cancer

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Insights into in-situ imbibition behavior of fracturing fluid in propped shale fractures based on nuclear magnetic resonance:A case study from Longmaxi Formation shale,Sichuan Basin,China

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 410-429页

作者： Jing-Jing Guo Kai-Xiang Di Lie-Hui Zhang Yu-Long Zhao Hui-Ying Tang Rui-han Zhang Ye tian National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina

Shale gas is an important component of unconventional oil and gas resources.Studying the imbibition behavior is helpful to optimize flowback parameters and enhance gas recovery.Recent imbibition studies have focused on shale matrix,and the pressure conditions discussed were mostly atmospheric.The initial imbibition behavior begins from propped fractures to matrix,but there are few studies working on explaining the imbibition behavior in propped fractures or the phenomenon of many shale wells exhibit higher productivity after a“soaking”period.Therefore,propped fracture samples were designed for imbibition and migration experiments.In order to accurately study the mechanism and main influencing factors of fracturing fluid imbibition and migration in propped and unpropped shale fractures under high temperature and high pressure,a series of experiments based on nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)were carried out.Results showed that NMR T_(2) spectra of all samples exhibited a bimodal distribution.The final imbibition volume of fracturing fluid was positively related to pressure and fracture width.The imbibition effect of fracturing fluid was more evident in matrix pores under high pressure.In the migration during soaking stage,the fracturing fluid gradually migrated from large pores to small pores and gradually displaced the shale gas from the matrix,thus allowing the water blocking in propped fractures to self-unlock to some extent.Gas permeability decreased in the imbibition stage,while it recovered in the migration stage to some extent.

关键词： Forced imbibition Migration Soaking NMR T_(2)spectra Propped fracture Permeability recovery

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Association between prolactin/testosterone ratio and breast cancer in Chinese women

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第3期137卷 368-370页

作者： Qian Cai Xiaohan tian Yuyi Tang han Cong Jie Liu Song Zhao Rong Ma Jianli Wang Jiang Zhu Department of Geriatric Medicine Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesShandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China Department of Breast Surgery General SurgeryQilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery Guangdong Second Provincial General HospitalGuangzhouGuangdong 510310China Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology Collage of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536USA Department of Immunology School of Basic Medical ScienceShandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China

To the Editor:Breast cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor and ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally.^([1])The breast is the target organ of some endocrine hormones,which regulate its growth and development.Aside from estrogen and progesterone,the relationship among prolactin,androgen,and breast cancer has recently garnered increasing attention.

关键词： breast cancer prolactin

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