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秦至清中国社会“非封建”刍议

湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2009年第5期36卷 1-7页

作者：冯天瑜武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心湖北武汉430072

自上世纪30年代以来,中国学界主流倾向于将秦至清两千余年称"封建社会",此后在"五种社会形态"框架内,此论更成为流行说,从而使"封建"脱离了古义(本义)和西义(世界通义),也有悖于马克思的封建原论。实考秦至清两千余年,封建制已退居次席... 详细信息

自上世纪30年代以来,中国学界主流倾向于将秦至清两千余年称"封建社会",此后在"五种社会形态"框架内,此论更成为流行说,从而使"封建"脱离了古义(本义)和西义(世界通义),也有悖于马克思的封建原论。实考秦至清两千余年,封建制已退居次席,而有别于封建领主经济的地主经济,以及不同于分封、世袭的贵族政治的僚政治于起伏跌宕间一以贯之,长期延续的是由宗法制、地主制、专制帝制综合而成的社会形态。在西欧、日本有典型表现的封建化三特征——农人农奴化、土地庄园化、政权多元化,中国秦至清的大势与之背反,故秦汉至明清冠以"封建社会",显然不得要领,而称之"宗法地主专制社会",似可昭示其社会组织、经济结构、政治体制诸层面的基本特征,又可简称为"非封建"的"皇权时代"。

关键词：封建社会宗法制地主制专制帝制皇权时代

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“中国”、“中华民族”语义的历史生成

河南大学学报（社会科学版） 2012年第6期52卷 1-6页

作者：冯天瑜武汉大学历史学院湖北武汉430072

"中国"、"中华民族"是当代两个普遍使用、耳熟能详的词语,它们的语义是在长期的历史发展中萌蘖而生、曲折流变、逐渐成形并最终确定。"中国"较早见于周代,初义为"中央之城",指代周天子所居京师,而与"四方"对称,后又衍化出诸夏列邦、国... 详细信息

"中国"、"中华民族"是当代两个普遍使用、耳熟能详的词语,它们的语义是在长期的历史发展中萌蘖而生、曲折流变、逐渐成形并最终确定。"中国"较早见于周代,初义为"中央之城",指代周天子所居京师,而与"四方"对称,后又衍化出诸夏列邦、国境之内、中等之国、中央之国等多种引申之义。"中国"作为与"外国"对等的国家概念,萌发于宋代。国体意义上的"中国"概念,是在与近代欧洲国家建立条约关系时正式出现。辛亥革命以后,"中国"先后作为"中华民国"和"中华人民共和国"的简称,以正式国名被国人共用,并为国际社会普遍承认。古汉语的"族"、"族类",是区分"内华夏、外夷狄"的旧式民族主义概念,而双音节的"民族"一词,乃是近代民族主义概念,以往多认为是从日本输入的。由"民族"与"中华"组合而成的复合词"中华民族"出于晚清,曾与"中国民族"同位并用。中华民族呈现的多元一体格局,它所包括的五十多个民族单位是多元,中华民族是一体。今天的"中华民族"是中国境内56个民族的总称,在多样性中保持强劲的凝聚力。

关键词：中国中华民族语义

Design,preparation,application of advanced array structured materials and their action mechanism analyses for high performance lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第2期89卷 266-303,I0007页

作者： Nanping Deng Xiaofan feng Yongbing Jin Zhaozhao Peng Yang feng Ying tian Yong Liu Lu Gao Weimin Kang Bowen Cheng State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes/National Center for International Joint Research on Separation Membranes School of Textile Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin 300387China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education) Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Lithium-sulfur battery(LSB)has brought much attention and concern because of high theoretical specific capacity and energy density as one of main competitors for next-generation energy storage *** widely commercial application and development of LSB is mainly hindered by serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),slow reaction kinetics,notorious lithium dendrites,*** various structures of LSB materials,array structured materials,possessing the composition of ordered micro units with the same or similar characteristics of each unit,present excellent application potential for various secondary cells due to some merits such as immobilization of active substances,high specific surface area,appropriate pore sizes,easy modification of functional material surface,accommodated huge volume change,enough facilitated transportation for electrons/lithium ions,and special functional groups strongly adsorbing Li *** many novel array structured materials are applied to battery for tackling thorny problems mentioned *** this review,recent progresses and developments on array structured materials applied in LSBs including preparation ways,collaborative structural designs based on array structures,and action mechanism analyses in improving electrochemical performance and safety are ***,we also have detailed discussion for array structured materials in LSBs and constructed the structure-function relationships between array structured materials and battery ***,some directions and prospects about preparation ways,functional modifications,and practical applications of array structured materials in LSBs are *** hope the review can attract more researchers'attention and bring more studying on array structured materials for other secondary batteries including LSB.

关键词： Array structured materials Preparation methods and structural designs Action mechanism analyses Advanced Li-S batteries Excellent electrochemical performances and safety

A study of the effect of local scour on the flow field near the spur dike

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2024年第2期14卷 98-105页

作者： yu-tian Li Jie-Min Zhan Wing-Hong Onyx Wai Department of Industrial Design School of Industrial Design and Ceramic ArtFoshan UniversityFoshan 528000China Department of Applied Mechanics and Engineering Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen 518107China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China

The flow field near a spur dike such as down flow and horseshoe vortex system(HVS)are susceptible to the topographic changes in the local scouring process,resulting in variation of the sediment transport with *** this study,large eddy simulations with fixed-bed at different scouring stages were conducted to investigate the changes in flow *** results imply that the bed deformation leads to an increase in flow rate per unit area,which represent the capability of sediment transportation by water,in the scour ***,the intensity of turbulent kinetic energy and bimodal motion near the sand bed induced by the HVS were also ***,the peak moments between the two sediment transport mechanisms were ***,understanding the complex feedback mechanism between topography and flow field is essential for the local scour problem.

关键词： Spur dike Local scour Large eddy simulation Down flow Horseshoe vortex system

Experimental quantum state compression from two identical qubits to a qutrit

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第7期67卷 1-5页

作者： Qiao Xu Lin-Xiang Zhou tian-feng feng Shang-feng Qiu Si-Wu Li Wu-Ji Zhang Hui Luo Xiao-Qi Zhou State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China

In the realm of modern information technology,data compression technology occupies a pivotal *** advancements in quantum information technology,the need to compress large-scale qubits ensembles has become urgent,aiming to reduce the demand on quantum storage ***,existing quantum state compression schemes generally face a limitation:the particles before and after compression must reside in the same dimensional *** specific scenarios,compressing qubits into particles of higher dimensions not only enhances the efficiency of quantum state compression but also further reduces the usage of quantum storage *** we experimentally demonstrated a quantum state compression between particles of different dimensions,successfully compressing two qubits into a single *** average fidelity of the resulting qutrit with the ideal quantum state is *** study may have potential applications in future quantum information,such as increasing quantum communication bandwidth and reducing storage resource consumption in quantum computing.

关键词： quantum state compression quantum information technology optics

Effects of acupuncture on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis:Current status and future perspectives

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期22卷 445-458页

作者： Jia-yuan Zheng Jing Zhu yu Wang Zhan-zhuang tian Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceInstitute of Acupuncture ResearchAcademy of Integrative MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint FunctionShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Human Anatomy School of Integrative MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 201203China

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal(HPA) axis is a critical component of the neuroendocrine system,playing a central role in regulating the body's stress response and modulating various physiological processes. Dysregulation of HPA axis function disrupts the neuroendocrine equilibrium, resulting in impaired physiological functions. Acupuncture is recognized as a non-pharmacological type of therapy which has been confirmed to play an important role in modulating the HPA axis and thus favorably targets diseases with abnormal activation of the HPA axis. With numerous studies reporting the promising efficacy of acupuncture for neuroendocrine disorders, a comprehensive review in terms of the underlying molecular mechanism for acupuncture, especially in regulating the HPA axis, is currently in need. This review fills the need and summarizes recent breakthroughs, from the basic principles and the pathological changes of HPA axis dysfunction, to the molecular mechanisms by which acupuncture regulates the HPA axis. These mechanisms include the modulation of multiple neurotransmitters and their receptors, neuropeptides and their receptors, and microRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus,hippocampus, amygdala and pituitary gland, which alleviate the hyperfunctioning of the HPA *** review comprehensively summarizes the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating HPA axis dysfunction for the first time, providing new targets and prospects for further exploration of acupuncture.

关键词： Acupuncture Electroacupuncture Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Mechanism Neurotransmitter microRNA

Which Neighborhoods Have Easier Access to Online Home Delivery Services?A Spatiotemporal Accessibility Analysis in Nanjing,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第4期34卷 722-738页

作者： KONG yu ZHEN feng ZHANG Shanqi SHEN Lizhen School of Architecture and Urban Planning Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Provincial Engineering Research Center of Smart City Planning and Digital Governance Nanjing 210093China

The rise in online home delivery services(OHDS)has had a significant impact on how urban services are supplied and used in recent *** on the spatial accessibility of OHDS are emerging,but few is known about the temporal dimension of OHDS accessibility as well as the geographic and socioeconomic differences in the spatiotemporal accessibility of *** study measures the spatiotemporal accessibility of four types of OHDS,namely leisure,fresh and convenient,medical,and catering *** geographic and socioeconomic disparities in the spatiotemporal accessibility of these four types of OHDS are then identified using spatial statistical methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test(K-W test).The case study in Nanjing,China,suggests that:1)spatiotemporal accessibility better reflects the temporal variation of OHDS accessibility and avoids overestimation of OHDS accessibility when only considering its spatial dimension.2)The spatiotemporal accessibility of OHDS varies geographically and *** located in the main city or neighborhoods with higher housing prices,higher population density,and higher point of interest(POI)mix have better OHDS spatiotemporal *** study contributes to the understanding of OHDS accessibility from a spatiotemporal perspective,and the empirical insights can assist policymakers in creating intervention plans that take into account variations in OHDS spatiotemporal accessibility.

关键词： online home delivery services(OHDS) spatiotemporal accessibility neighborhoods accessibility differences Nanjing City China

Alignment of Track Oscillations during Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第4期41卷 655-670页

作者： Tong XIE Liguang WU Yecheng feng Jinghua yu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Dept.of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology Shanghai 200438China

Recent studies on tropical cyclone(TC)intensity change indicate that the development of a vertically aligned TC circulation is a key feature of its rapid intensification(RI),however,understanding how vortex alignment occurs remains a challenging topic in TC intensity change *** on the simulation outputs of North Atlantic Hurricane Wilma(2005)and western North Pacific Typhoon Rammasun(2014),vortex track oscillations at different vertical levels and their associated role in vortex alignment are examined to improve our understanding of the vortex alignment during RI of TCs with initial hurricane *** is found that vortex tracks at different vertical levels oscillate consistently in speed and direction during the RI of the two simulated *** the consistent track oscillation reduces the oscillation tilt during RI,the reduction of vortex tilt results mainly from the mean track before *** is also found that the vortex tilt is primarily due to the mean vortex track before and after *** track oscillations are closely associated with wavenumber-1 vortex Rossby waves that are dominant wavenumber-1 circulations in the TC inner-core *** study suggests that the dynamics of the wavenumber-1 vortex Rossby waves play an important role in the regulation of the physical processes associated with the track oscillation and vertical alignment of TCs.

关键词： tropical cyclone rapid intensification vortex tilt Rossby wave

Soil disturbance evaluation of soft clay based on stress-normalized smallstrain stiffness

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 990-999页

作者： Yanguo Zhou yu tian Junneng Ye Xuecheng Bian yunmin Chen MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering Institute of Geotechnical EngineeringCenter for Hypergravity Experiment and Interdisciplinary ResearchZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China Ningbo Rail Transit Group Co. Ltd.Ningbo315010China

Soil disturbance includes the change of stress state and the damage of soil *** field testing indices reflect the combined effect of both changes and it is difficult to identify the soil structure disturbance directly from these *** the present study,the small-strain shear modulus is used to characterize soil structure disturbance by normalizing the effective stress and void ratio based on Hardin *** procedure for evaluating soil sampling disturbance in the field and the further disturbance during the subsequent consolidation process in laboratory test is proposed,and then validated by a case study of soft clay *** seismic testing in the field,portable piezoelectric bender elements for the drilled sample and bender elements in triaxial apparatus for the consolidated sample were used to monitor the shear wave velocity of the soil from intact to disturbed and even remolded *** is found that soil sampling disturbance degree by conventional thin-wall sampler is about 30%according to the proposed procedure,which is slightly higher than that from the modified volume compression method proposed by Hong and Onitsuka(1998).And the additional soil disturbance induced by consolidation in laboratory could reach about 50%when the consolidation pressure is far beyond the structural yield stress,and it follows the plastic volumetric strain quite well.

关键词： Natural clay Soil sample disturbance Shear wave velocity Small-strain shear modulus Hardin equation