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the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on the SMILE Mission

Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 5-14页

作者： S.Sembay A.L.Alme D.Agnolon t.Arnold A.Beardmore A.Belén Balado Margeli C.Bicknell C.Bouldin G.Branduardi-Raymont t.crawford J.P.Breuer t.Buggey G.Butcher R.Canchal J.A.Carter A.Cheney Y.Collado-Vega H.Connor t.crawford N.Eaton C.Feldman C.Forsyth t.Frantzen G.Galgóczi J.Garcia G.Y.Genov C.Gordillo H-P.Gröbelbauer M.Guedel Y.Guo M.Hailey D.Hall R.Hampson J.Hasiba O.Hetherington A.Holland S-Y.Hsieh M.W.J.Hubbard H.Jeszenszky M.Jones t.Kennedy K.Koch-Mehrin S.Kögl S.Krucker K.D.Kuntz C.Lakin G.Laky O.Lylund A.Martindale J.Miguel Mas Hesse R.Nakamura K.Oksavik N.Østgaard H.Ottacher R.Ottensamer C.Pagani S.Parsons P.Patel J.Pearson G.Peikert F.S.Porter t.Pouliantis B.H.Qureshi W.Raab G.Randal A.M.Read N.M.M.Roque M.E.Rostad C.Runciman S.Sachdev A.Samsonov M.Soman D.Sibeck S.Smit J.Søndergaard R.Speight S.Stavland M.Steller tianRan Sun J.thornhill W.thomas K.Ullaland B.Walsh D.Walton C.Wang S.Yang School of Physics and Astronomy University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Space Park Leicester University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Mullard Space Science Laboratory University College LondonDorkingRH56NTUK Centre for Electronic Imaging Open UniversityMilton KeynesMK76 AAUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and TechnologyUniv.of BergenN-5007 BergenNorway University of Vienna A-1010 ViennaAustria Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesA-8042 GrazAustria National Institute of Aerospace technology MadridSpain EStEC European Space Agency2201 AZ NoordwijkNetherlands State Key Laboratory of Space Weather National Space Science CentreBeijing 100190China University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland CH-5210 WindischSwitzerland Koegl Space GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Space Acoustics GmbH CH-8157 DielsdorfSwitzerland Zurich University of Applied Sciences 8400 WinterhurSwitzerland Genov Solutions N-5172 LoddefjordNorway StM Engineering N-5165 LaksevagNorway John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory MD 20723USA NASA/Goddard Space Flight Centre MD 20771USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA Department of theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Masaryk University60177 BrnoCzech Republic Institute of Physics E¨otvo¨s Lor´and University1053 BudapestHungary Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100045China Centro de Astrobiologia(CAB) CSIC-INTAMadridSpain

the Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)is part of the scientific payload of the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)*** is a joint science mission between the European Space Agency(ESA)and the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)and is due for launch in *** is a compact X-ray telescope with a wide field-of-view(FOV)capable of encompassing large portions of Earth’s magnetosphere from the vantage point of the SMILE *** is sensitive to the soft X-rays produced by the Solar Wind Charge eXchange(SWCX)process produced when heavy ions of solar wind origin interact with neutral particles in Earth’s *** provides a mechanism for boundary detection within the magnetosphere,such as the position of Earth’s magnetopause,because the solar wind heavy ions have a very low density in regions of closed magnetic field *** sensitivity of the SXI is such that it can potentially track movements of the magnetopause on timescales of a few minutes and the orbit of SMILE will enable such movements to be tracked for segments lasting many *** is led by the University of Leicester in the United Kingdom(UK)with collaborating organisations on hardware,software and science support within the UK,Europe,China and the United States.

关键词： Soft X-ray Imaging micropore optics large area CCD

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Development of Shallow Footing Anti-Ram Bollard System through Modeling and testing

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transactions of tianjin University 2006年第B09期12卷 46-50页

作者： crawford John E Karogozian & Case 2550 N.Hollywood WaySuite 500BurbankCA 91505USA

In past terrorist attacks, vehicle borne improvised explosive devices (VBIED) have been the primary manner of attacking buildings and infrastructures. Preventing unauthorized vehicles from approaching a protected area with anti-ram systems would maintain an established standoff distance against moving and stationary vehicles and consequently reduce blast and debris threats. this strategy has been considered the first line of defence against terrorists. Several types of anti-ram devices have been developed in accordance with U. S. Department of State K-rating criteria, for example, wedge barriers, rising beams, sliding/swing gates, and drop arms. However, these devices typically need a deep foundation for installation and can't be implemented into many locations where a depth of excavation is limited in order to protect utility lines of buildings and infrastructures. this paper presents a recent development of a series of shallow footing anti-ram bollard systems (SFABS) that can satisfy K-12 rating with only five-inch thick footing. A high-fidelity physics based finite element technique with a vehicle crash model is used for predicting anti-ram capacity and determining design parameters of the SFABS. Full-scale vehicle crash tests of the developed SFABS systems have been carried out to validate the design and analysis.

关键词： anti-ram bollard shallow footing crash testing finite element analysis

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Delivering forestry courses online:experiences,lessons learned,and future of forestry online education in the Asia Pacifi c

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1175-1194页

作者： Anil Shrestha Jodi crawford Hailan Chen Shiyi Zhang Na Zhong Michelle Zeng Guangyu Wang Asia Forest Research Center Faculty of ForestryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Center of teaching Learningand TechnologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Asia-Pacifi c Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation Beijing 100102People’s Republic of China

Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of *** is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are ***,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c *** evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global *** study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental *** primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course *** were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management *** students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were *** refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review ***,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online *** analysis contribute

关键词： Sustainable Forest Management Online forestry education Pedagogy innovation Covid-19 Lessons learned Asia Pacifi c

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Immune checkpoint blockade therapies for HCC: current status and future implications

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Hepatoma Research 2019年第9期5卷 1-17页

作者： Ritu Shrestha Kim R.Bridle Darrell H.G.crawford Aparna Jayachandran the University of Queensland Faculty of MedicineBrisbaneQueensland 4120Australia Gallipoli Medical Research Institute Greenslopes Private HospitalBrisbaneQueensland 4120Australia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most lethal and common type of liver cancer with limited treatment options at the advanced *** use of immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)based immunotherapy is exponentially increasing in the treatment of patients with advanced solid *** expression of immune checkpoints on tumor cells leading to lower activity of t-cells is one of the major mechanisms of immune *** blockade immunotherapies with antibodies against PD-1,PD-L1 or CtLA-4 are being investigated in clinical trials in HCC *** have improved survival in patients with inoperable advanced stage HCC where other curative treatments are not ***,the response rates remain low with only a small subset of patients responding to this *** is an unmet need to identify predictive markers to select those HCC patients who would benefit from ICI ***,epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EMt),a major process driving HCC invasion and metastasis by regulating the phenotypic cellular switching from epithelial to mesenchymal state,has been implicated as a resistance mechanism associated with ICI *** role of EMt as a regulator of immune checkpoint molecule in HCC is just ***,the consequence of EMt as a resistance mechanism in HCC patients undergoing ICI treatments remains *** this review,we summarize the recent clinical studies with ICIs in HCC and highlight the trials underway featuring novel monotherapies and combinatorial approaches based on immune and non-immune *** will discuss the ongoing efforts to discover new immune checkpoint molecules in HCC as potential drug *** also highlight the role of EMt in facilitating therapy resistance in HCC treated with ICIs and discuss potential strategies to circumvent resistance in ICI treated HCC patients.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitors epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition programmed cell death protein-1 programmed death-ligand 1 resistance

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Laminar-turbulent Boundary Layer transition Imaging Using IR thermography

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2013年第3期3卷 233-239页

作者： Brian K. crawford Glen t. Duncan Jr. David E. West William S. Saric Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A&M University College Station USA Department of Aerospace Engineering Texas A&M University College Station USA

Experimental techniques for imaging laminar-turbulent transition of boundary layers using IR thermography are presented for both flight and wind tunnel test environments. A brief overview of other transition detection techniques is discussed as motivation. A direct comparison is made between IR thermography and naphthalene flow visualization. A technique for obtaining quantitative transition location is presented.

关键词： IR thermography Laminar turbulent transition Flight test Wind tunnel Fluid Flow

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游戏设计理论

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丛书名：游戏开发与编程系列

2004年

作者：（美）Chris crawford 李明英宇编

本书以故事的形式讲述有关计算机交互式游戏设计的理论与相关技术，涉及游戏定义、游戏分类、游戏设计思想等。

ISBN: (纸本)7504637661

本书以故事的形式讲述有关计算机交互式游戏设计的理论与相关技术，涉及游戏定义、游戏分类、游戏设计思想等。

关键词：游戏程序设计

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Rejection of Experimental Hodgkins Lymphoma by t-Cells Engineered with a CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor

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Journal of Cancer therapy 2012年第5期3卷 553-561页

作者： Anna Swanson Eleanor Cheadle David Gilham Dorothy crawford Simon talbot Ingo Johannessen 5Laboratory Medicine (Virology) Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK the University of Edinburgh Centre for Infectious Diseases Edinburgh UK the University of Edinburgh Division of Pathway Medicine Chancellor’s Building Edinburgh UK the University of Manchester Clinical and Experimental Immunology Group Manchester UK

t cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) combining an external antibody binding domain with the CD3ζ t cell receptor (tCR) signaling domain for triggering cell activation are being used for immunotherapeutic targeting of tumor cells in a non-HLA restricted manner. In this study we transduced t cells with a CD19-CAR construct containing a truncated CD34 gene (tCD34) marker and used these to target the B cell antigen CD19 on the surface of a Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) cell line (L591) both in vitro and in vivo. Levels of tCD34 expression in transduced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) ranged from 6% - 20% and this was increased to 82% after selection for transduced tCD34+ cells. In vitro cytotoxicity testing on a CD19+ HL cell line (L591) showed specific cell lysis initiated by the CD19-CAR transduced PBMCs. Importantly, CD19-CAR t cells prevented the growth of L591 HL tumor cells when co-injected subcutaneously (sc) in 6/6 severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. there was no evidence of anti-tumor activity when CD19-CAR t cells were infused intravenously (iv) at the same time as L591 HL tumor cells were injected sc. However, 3/6 SCID mice showed tumor rejection within 83 days after iv infusion of CD19-CAR t cells 3 - 9 days after establishment of L591 HL tumors, while all control animals succumbed to tumors within 60 days. Interestingly, immuno-histochemical analysis of L591 HL tumors demonstrated that CD19-CAR t cells were detected not earlier than 11 days after infusion within the tumor mass. these results suggest that CD19 is a potentially attractive target for the immunotherapy of HL.

关键词： Hodgkin’s Lymphoma CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Immunotherapy

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时尚的影像语言

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缤纷 2011年第1期 30-31页

作者：元子 Lane crawford

在这个习惯了用视觉说话的年代里,还有什么能比一段影像更能迅速地打动人心?而此时,潮流也开始跳脱t台,真正地进入影像世界,在场景、人物、光影帮助下诠释设计的内在含义。女人,本身就是潮流的一部分,她们的爱幻想、情绪化、生活多姿多... 详细信息

在这个习惯了用视觉说话的年代里,还有什么能比一段影像更能迅速地打动人心?而此时,潮流也开始跳脱t台,真正地进入影像世界,在场景、人物、光影帮助下诠释设计的内在含义。女人,本身就是潮流的一部分,她们的爱幻想、情绪化、生活多姿多彩也许就是时尚工业的根基。灵感从女人中来、被女人认同。

关键词：时尚影像世界潮流黑白影像女性艺术家影像艺术影像语言设计师人本身纽约时报

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说出心中的话

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英语沙龙（初级版） 2009年第8期 50-51页

作者： Jara crawford 凯奇(翻译)

“我没拿你的烟！”我粗鲁地半吼着。“好吧，随你怎么说……”一个低沉、没好气的声音说道——我对这声音再熟悉不过了。

关键词：英语学习学习方法阅读翻译《说出心中的话》

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既往剖宫产是否为子宫切除术时并发膀胱切开的危险因素:一项病例对照研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第8期2卷 6-7页

作者： Rooney C.M. crawford A.t. Vassallo B.J. 党慧敏 Good Samaritan Hospital Seton Center 375 Dixmyth Ave Cincinnati OH 45220 United States Dr.

Objective: the purpose of this study was to determine if previous cesarean section is an independent risk factor for incidental cystotomy at the time of hysterectomy. Study design: this is a case-controlled study that evaluated all cases of incidental cystotomy at the time of hysterectomy between January 1998 and December 2001. Five thousand and ninety-two hysterectomies were performed in the time period mentioned above, and 51 cases of incidental cystotomy were identified. Each case of incidental cystotomy was then matched to 3 controls with similar patient characteristics, medical histories, and surgical histories, as well as the absence of incidental cystotomy at the time of hysterectomy. Results: Overall, 5092 hysterectomies were performed during the study period (total abdominal hysterectomy [tAH] 3140 [61.7% ], total vaginal hysterectomy [tVH] 1519 [29.8% ], laparoscopicallyassisted vaginal hysterectomy [LAVH] 433 [8.5% ]). Fifty-one cases of incidental cystotomy were identified (tAH: 24 [47.1% ], tVH: 19 [37.3% ], LAVH: 8 [15.7% ]). the overall incidence of cystotomy was 1.0% . When considering tAH, there were 24/3141 (0.76% ) cases of incidental cystotomy,with 8 (33% ) of these patients with a history of previous cesarean section. During tVH, we encountered 19/1519 (1.3% ) cases of incidental cystotomy, with 4 (21% ) of these women having undergone a previous cesarean. Finally, during LAVH, there were 8/433 (1.8% ) cases of incidental cystotomy. Five (62.5% ) of these patients had a previous history of cesarean section. In comparison, 19/72 (26.4% ) tAH controls had a previous history of cesarean. Four out of 57 (7.0% )tVH controls had a history of cesarean section. Finally, 2/24 (8.3% ) LAVH controls had a history of previous cesarean. Conclusion: Previous cesarean section is indeed a significant risk factor for damage to the lower urinary tract at the time of hysterectomy (odds ratio [OR] 2.04; 95% CI 1.2- 3.5). When analyzed separately, the OR of incident

关键词：子宫切除术病例对照研究 cesarean 腔镜下尿道研究设计

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