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Elevated brain temperature under severe heat exposure impairs cortical motor activity and executive function

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 233-244页

作者： Xiang Ren tan Mary c.Stephenson Sharifah Badriyah Alhadad Kelvin W.Z.Loh tuck Wah Soong Jason K.W.Lee Ivan c.c.Low Health and Social Sciences Singapore Institute of TechnologySingapore 138683Singapore Human Potential translational Research Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore centre for translational Magnetic Resonance Research Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117549Singapore Department of Physiology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117593Singapore Heat Resilience and Performance centre Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117510Singapore N.1 Institute for Health National University of SingaporeSingapore 117456Singapore campus for Research Excellence and technological Enterprise(cREAtE) Singapore 138602Singapore

Background:Excessive heat exposure can lead to hyperthermia in humans,which impairs physical performance and disrupts cognitive *** heat is a known physiological stressor,it is unclear how severe heat stress affects brain physiology and ***:Eleven healthy participants were subjected to heat stress from prolonged exercise or warm water immersion until their rectal temperatures(t_(re))attained 39.5℃,inducing exertional or passive hyperthermia,*** a separate trial,blended ice was ingested before and during exercise as a cooling *** were compared to a control condition with seated rest(normothermic).Brain temperature(t_(br)),cerebral perfusion,and task-based brain activity were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging ***:t_(br)in motor cortex was found to be tightly regulated at rest(37.3℃±0.4℃(mean±SD))despite fluctuations in t_(re).With the development of hyperthermia,t_(br)increases and dovetails with the rising t_(re).Bilateral motor cortical activity was suppressed during high-intensity plantarflexion tasks,implying a reduced central motor drive in hyperthermic participants(t_(re)=38.5℃±0.1℃).Global gray matter perfusion and regional perfusion in sensorimotor cortex were reduced with passive *** function was poorer under a passive hyperthermic state,and this could relate to compromised visual processing as indicated by the reduced activation of left lateral-occipital ***,ingestion of blended ice before and during exercise alleviated the rise in both t_(re)and t_(bc)and mitigated heat-related neural ***:Severe heat exposure elevates t_(br),disrupts motor cortical activity and executive function,and this can lead to impairment of physical and cognitive performance.

关键词： Brain functional activity cognition Heat stress Hyperthermia Motor function

tensor force impact on shell evolution in neutron-rich Si and Ni isotopes

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chinese Physics c 2024年第4期48卷 95-106页

作者： S.V.Sidorov A.S.Kornilova t.Yu.tretyakova Faculty of Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia

the influence of the tensor interaction of nucleons on the characteristics of neutron-rich silicon and nickel isotopes was studied in this *** forces are considered within the framework of the Hartree-Fock approach with the Skyrme *** addition of a tensor component of interaction is shown to improve the description of the splittings between different single-particle states and decrease nucleon-nucleon pairing correlations in silicon and nickel *** attention was directed toward the role of isovector tensor forces relevant to the interaction of like nucleons.

关键词： nuclear shell model tensor interaction silicon isotopes nickel isotopes

Pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomes in neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 75-79页

作者： christa c.Huber Hongmin Wang Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences Sanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA

Neurodegenerative disorders affect millions of people worldwide,and the prevalence of these disorders is only projected to rise as the number of people over 65 will drastically increase in the coming *** therapies exist to aid in symptomatic relief,effective treatments that can stop or reve rse the progress of each neurodegenerative disease are ***,research on the role of extracellular vesicles as disease markers and therapeutics has been intensively ***,30-150 nm in diameter,are one type of extracellular vesicles facilitating cell-to-cell *** are thought to play a role in disease propagation in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson s disease,and amyotrophic lateral ***,the exosomes derived from the patients are an invaluable source of disease *** the other hand,exosomes,especially those derived from stem cells,could serve as a therapeutic for these disorders,as seen by a rapid increase in clinical trials investigating the therapeutic efficacy of exosomes in different neurological *** review summarizes the pathological burden and therapeutic approach of exosomes in neurodegenerative *** also highlight how heat shock increases the yield of exosomes while still maintaining their therapeutic ***,this review concludes with outstanding questions that remain to be addressed in exosomal research.

关键词： aging Alzheimer's disease biomarker drug exosome extracellular vesicle neurodegenerative disease Parkinson's disease therapy

Effect of biochar on the metabolome of soybean seedlings

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Oil crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 60-68页

作者： Nathalia E.Silva Mariana G.Aguilar Osania E.Ferreira Gleicia M.Paulino Jaqueline c.L.carvalho Lúcia P.S.Pimenta Alan R.t.Machado Programa de Pos-graduaçao em ciencias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisFrutalMinas Gerais38202-436Brazil Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas GeraisBelo Horizonte31270-901Brazil Departamento de Engenharia Aplicada e tecnologias Ambientais Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil Departamento de ciencias Exatas Universidade do Estado de Minas GeraisJoao MonlevadeMinas Gerais35930-314Brazil

the use of biochar can have several effects on plant germination,depending on raw material,preparation method and application ***,the molecular mechanisms that lead to those results have yet to be *** aim of this research was to improve the understanding of these mechanisms by characterizing the metabolic effects of sugarcane bagasse biochar on soybean *** types of biochars were prepared by pyrolysis at 300℃(ScB300),400℃(ScB400)and 600℃(ScB600).then,each one was mixed into sand at 1%,3%,5%(w/w)dose,*** experiment was performed in 8 days of incubation,when the number of germinated seeds and the average radicle length were *** evaluate the metabolome,the dry biomass(DB)was subjected to extraction with a mixture of methanol-d4 and D2O(1:1 v/v).the extracts were submitted to metabolomics analysis by Proton Nuclear Magnetic *** Relative Germination,Relative Average Radicle Growth and Germination Index increased in all treatments compared to *** the other hand,the DB increased in all treatments,except for ScB300,at doses of 1%and 3%w/*** metabolites(alanine,asparagine,acetic acid,citric acid,glycerol,fatty acids and sucrose)were identified and quantified in DB extracts as the most influential finding for the separation of *** together,these results strongly suggested that biochars accelerated the catabolism of triacylglycerols to sucrose and induced a slight osmotic stress.

关键词： Germination Metabolomics 1H NMR Pyrolysis Sugarcane bagasse

Food security amid the cOVID-19 pandemic in central Asia:Evidence from rural tajikistan

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第8期23卷 2853-2867页

作者： Yuhan Zhao chen Qian Yumei Zhang Xiande Li Kamiljon t.Akramov Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy College of Economics and ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China International Food Policy Research Institute(IFPRI) WashingtonD.C.20005USA

Food security has been long understudied in the context of central *** present an analysis examining household-level food demand for tajikistan and assessing the magnitude of its food security changes during the cOVID-19 *** on an extensive household survey data set from tajikistan,we estimate the expenditure,income,and price elasticities for nine food categories using the QUAIDS ***,we develop a microsimulation model using the estimated elasticities to assess the dual impact of declining remittance income and rising food prices stemming from the pandemic *** are significant differences in demand elasticities across food groups,with high elasticities observed for nutritious foods,such as meat,fruit,eggs,and milk,in rural ***,our findings show that changes in remittance income and food prices significantly negatively affected food security for rural households during the cOVID-19 *** findings have important implications for policymakers concerned about rural livelihoods and food security in remittance-receiving economies during the post-pandemic period.

关键词： international remittances food security cOVID-19 tajikistan central Asia

Performance Evaluation of Novel Eco-Materials composed of Millet Husks, Rice Husks, and Polystyrene

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Open Journal of composite Materials 2024年第1期14卷 33-43页

作者： Paul Damien Amadji Edem chabi Valéry Kouandété Doko céphas Houndedji Emmanuel Olodo Laboratory of Applied Energy and Mechanics (LEMA) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Rural Engineering School of Rural Engineering National University of Agriculture Kétou Benin

Managing agricultural waste and expanded polystyrene (EPS) poses significant environmental and economic challenges. this study aims to create composites from millet husks, rice husks, and recycled EPS, using a manufacturing method that involves dissolving the polystyrene in a solvent followed by cold pressing. Various particle sizes and two binder dosages were investigated to assess their influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the composites. the mechanical properties obtained range from 2.54 to 4.47 MPa for the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and from 686 to 1400 MPa for the Modulus of Elasticity in Bending (MOE). the results indicate that these composites have potential for applications in the construction sector, particularly for wood structures and interior decoration. Moreover, surface treatments could enhance their durability and mechanical properties. this research contributes to the valorization of agricultural and plastic waste as eco-friendly and economical construction materials.

关键词： Bio-Based composites Millet Husk Rice Husk Expanded Polystyrene Waste Valorization Sustainable construction

Ground-based and additional science support for SMILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.carter M.Dunlop c.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.Milan t.Sergienko R.c.Fear D.G.Sibeck M.connors t.Yeoman X.tan M.G.G.t.taylor K.McWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.chisham A.Dimmock M.P.Freeman D.-S.Han M.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu M.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg M.Lester J.Manuel J.Matzka I.Mccrea Y.Miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer t.Sun M.-t.Walach B.Walsh c.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment Monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada EStEc European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden tongji University Shanghai 200092China center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of china Shanghai 200136China Finnish Meteorological Institute(FMI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

the joint European Space Agency and chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SMILE conjunctions missions

Supposition of graphene stacks to estimate the contact resistance and conductivity of nanocomposites

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第4期45卷 663-676页

作者： Y.ZARE M.t.MUNIR G.J.WENG K.Y.RHEE Biomaterials and tissue Engineering Research Group Department of Interdisciplinary TechnologiesBreast Cancer Research CenterMotamed Cancer InstituteTehran ***Iran college of Engineering and technology American University of the Middle EastEgaila 54200Kuwait Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08903U.S.A. Department of Mechanical Engineering(BK21 Four) College of EngineeringKyung Hee UniversityYongin 446701Republic of Korea

In this study,the effects of stacked nanosheets and the surrounding interphase zone on the resistance of the contact region between nanosheets and the tunneling conductivity of samples are evaluated with developed equations superior to those previously *** contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are modeled by several influencing factors,including stack properties,interphase depth,tunneling size,and contact *** developed model's accuracy is verified through numerous experimental *** further validate the models and establish correlations between parameters,the effects of all the variables on contact resistance and nanocomposite conductivity are ***,the contact resistance is primarily dependent on the polymer tunnel resistivity,contact area,and tunneling *** dimensions of the graphene nanosheets significantly influence the conductivity,which ranges from 0 S/m to90 S/*** increased number of nanosheets in stacks and a larger gap between them enhance the nanocomposite's ***,the thicker interphase and smaller tunneling size can lead to higher sample conductivity due to their optimistic effects on the percolation threshold and network efficacy.

关键词： graphene polymer composite stacked nanosheet tunneling conductivity contact resistance interphase

Féeton(B-L gauge boson)dark matter for the 511-keV gamma-ray excess and the prediction of low-energy neutrino flux

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chinese Physics c 2024年第8期48卷 76-82页

作者： Jie Sheng Yu cheng Weikang Lin tsutomu t.Yanagida tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChina Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and cosmology(MOE)&Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and cosmology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China South-Western Institute For Astronomy Research Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Kavli IPMU(WPI) UTIASUniversity of TokyoKashiwa277-8583Japan

the féeton is the gauge boson of the U(1)_(B−L) gauge *** the gauge coupling constant is extremely small,the féeton becomes a candidate for dark *** show that its decay to a pair of an electron and a positron explains the observed Galactic 511-keV gamma-ray excess in a consistent *** féeton dark matter decays mainly into pairs neutrino and *** low-energy experiments with improved directional capability will enable capturing these neutrino *** seesaw-motivated parameter space predicts a relatively short féeton lifetime that is comparable to the current cosmological constraint.

关键词： feeton 511-keV gamma-ray excess low-energy neutrino