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Cont.ol of peak.pressures of an HCCI engine under varying swirl and operat.ng paramet.rs

Front.ers in energy 2016年第3期10卷 337-346页

作者： t. k.Rt.Ik.YA SHARMA G. AMBA PRASAD RAO k. MADHU MURt.Y Depart.ent.of Mechanical engineering NIT Warangal Warangal506004 India

t.e major advant.ges of homogeneous charge compression ignit.on （HCCI） are high efficiency in combinat.on wit. low NOx-emissions. However, one of t.e major challenges wit. HCCI is t.e cont.ol of higher peak.pressures which may damage t.e engine, limit.ng t.e HCCI engine life period. In t.is paper, an at.empt.is made t. analyze comput.t.onally t.e effect.of induct.on swirl in cont.olling t.e peak.pressures of an HCCI engine under various operat.ng paramet.rs. A single cylinder 1.6 L reent.ant.pist.n bowl diesel engine is chosen. For comput.t.onal analysis, t.e eCFM-3Z model of St.R - CD is considered because it.is suit.ble for analyzing t.e combust.on processes in SI and CI engines. As an HCCI engine is a hybrid version of SI and CI engines, t.e eCFM- 3Z model wit. necessary modificat.ons is used t. analyze t.e peak.pressures inside t.e combust.on chamber. t.e eCFM-3Z model for HCCI mode of combust.on is validat.d wit. t.e exist.ng lit.rat.re t. mak. sure t.at.t.e result. obt.ined are accurat.. Numerical experiment. are performed t. st.dy t.e effect.of varying propert.es lik. speed of t.e engine, pist.n bowl geomet.y, exhaust.gas recirculat.on （eGR） and equivalence rat.o under different.swirl rat.os in cont.olling t.e peak.pressures inside t.e combust.on chamber. t.e result. show t.at.t.e swirl rat.o has a considerable impact.on cont.olling t.e peak.pressures of HCCI engine. A reduct.on in peak.pressures are observed wit. a swirl rat.o of 4 because of reduced in cylinder t.mperat.res. t.e combined effect.of four operat.ng paramet.rs, i.e., t.e speed of t.e engine, pist.n bowl geomet.y, eGR, and equivalence rat.o wit. swirl rat.os suggest.t.at.lower int.k. t.mperat.res, reent.ant.pist.n bowl, higher engine speeds and higher swirl rat.os are favorable in cont.olling t.e peak.pressures.

关键词： HCCI engine eCFM-3Z Swirl rat.o peak.pressures engine speed pist.n bowl geomet.y

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Progress in t.e R&D experiment. About.a Novel Met.od of elect. Scat.ering off Short.lived Nuclei

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Plasma Science and t.chnology 2012年第5期14卷 419-423页

作者：王硕 t. SUDA M. WAk.SUGI t. t.MAe k. k.RIt. A. NODA t. SHIRAI H. t.NGU Y. YANO School of Physics and St.t. k.y Laborat.ry of Nuclear Physics and t.chnology Peking University RIk.N Nishina Cent.r Laborat.ry of Nuclear Science Tohoku University Depart.ent.of Physics Rikkyo University Inst.t.t. of Chemical Research Kyoto University

A novel met.od has been est.blished t. realize t.e experiment.of elect.on scat.ering off short.lived nuclei. t.e met.od was based on t.e well k.own ＂ion t.apping＂ phenomenon in elect.on st.rage rings. In t.e R^D experiment. at.k.ot. Universit., st.ble nucleus, 133^Cs, was employed as t.e t.rget.nucleus. t.e luminosit. of scat.ering experiment.was nearly 1026 cm^-2s^-1 at.elect.on beam current.around 75 mA. t.e angular dist.ibut.on of elast.cally scat.ered elect.ons from t.apped Cs ions was measured and t.e result.was well fit.ed by t.eoret.cal calculat.on. It.was indicat.d t.at.higher luminosit. can be reached wit. larger elect.on beam current.

关键词： elect.on scat.ering ion t.apping luminosit. angular dist.ibut.on

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Beyond a t.eory of Human Nat.re： t.wards an Alt.rnat.ve Int.rpret.t.on of Mencius＇ et.ics

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Front.ers of Philosophy in China 2014年第3期9卷 396-416页

作者： Hek.0}r k. t. Yan Depart.ent.of Public Policy City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SARChina

By following t.e Wit.genst.inian view t.at.t.e sense of an et.ical t.rm such as ＂nat.re＂（xing ＇~） should be underst.od t.rough an examinat.on of it. funct.on in it. act.al philosophical cont.xt. t.is art.cle t.k.s a look.at.t.e not.on ofxing in t.e Mencius from an alt.rnat.ve perspect.ve. Proceeding from t.is perspect.ve, it.re-examines t.e view t.at.xing in t.e Mencius should be underst.od in biological t.rms. A discussion of xing in relat.on t. t.e ＂Why be moral？＂ quest.on follows. I t.en offer an alt.rnat.ve int.rpret.t.on of Mencius＇ et.ics by focusing on t.e meaning of t.e et.ical part.culars. Cont.ary t. common percept.on, I argue t.at.Mencius＇ t.eory of human nat.re （renxing）k.＇~） need not.occupy a cent.al place in his moral philosophy; t.e ult.mat. foundat.on of Mencius＇ moral philosophy lies in t.e meaning or sense of moralit.. t.rough part.cipat.ng in concret., et.ical t.ink.ng and by paying at.ent.on t. t.e et.ical part.culars, human beings develop t.eir grasp of moral and et.ical meaning.

关键词： Mencius human nat.re xing Wit.genst.in Prichard

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Novel wide band gap alloyed semiconduct.rs, x(LiGaO_2)_(1/2)-(1-x)ZnO, and fabricat.on of t.eir t.in films

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Science China(t.chnological Sciences) 2009年第1期52卷 111-115页

作者： t. OMAt. k. t.NAk. A. t.ZUk. k. NOSe S. Ot.Uk.-YAO-MAt.UO Division of Mat.rials and Manufact.ring Science Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-oka Suita

Oxide semiconduct.r alloys of x(LiGaO2)1/2-(1−x)ZnO were fabricat.d by t.e solid st.t. react.on bet.een β-LiGaO2 and ZnO and rf-magnet.on sput.ering. For t.e solid st.t. react.on, t.e wurt.it.-t.pe single phases were obt.ined in t.e composit.on range of x⩽0.38. t.e format.on range of t.e alloys was wider t.an t.at.of t.e (Mg1−x Zn x )O syst.m, because t.e β-LiGaO2 possesses a wurt.it.-derived st.uct.re and approximat.ly t.e same lat.ice const.nt. wit. ZnO. t.e elect.ical resist.vit. and energy band gap of t.e 0.38(LiGaO2)1/2-0.62ZnO alloyed ceramic were 0.45 Ωcm and 3.7 eV, respect.vely, at.room t.mperat.re. For t.e alloying by sput.ering, t.e films consist.ng of t.e wurt.it.-t.pe single phase were obt.ined over t.e ent.re composit.on range of x(LiGaO2)1/2-(1−x)ZnO. t.e energy band gap was cont.ollable in t.e range from 3.3 t. 5.6 eV. For t.e as-deposit.d film fabricat.d using t.e 0.4(LiGaO2)1/2-0.6ZnO alloyed ceramic t.rget. t.e energy band gap was 3.74 eV, and t.e elect.ical resist.vit., carrier densit. and t.e Hall mobilit. at.room t.mperat.re were 3.6 Ωcm, 3.4×1017 cm−3 and 5.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, respect.vely.

关键词： zinc oxide t.ansparent conduct.r ult.aviolet light band gap engineering oxide elect.onics

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Charact.rizat.on of t.e surface and int.rfacial propert.es of t.e lamina splendens

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Front.ers of Mechanical engineering 2017年第2期12卷 234-252页

作者： Joe t. ReXWINk.e Heat.er k. HUNt.Ferris M. PFeIFFeR Mechanical engineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211USA Bioengineering University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Ort.opaedic Surgery University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211USA

Joint.disease affect. approximat.ly 52.5 mil- lion pat.ent. in t.e Unit.d St.t.s alone, cost.ng 80.8 billion USD in direct.healt.care cost.. t.e development.of t.eat.ent.programs for joint.disease and t.auma requires accurat. assessment.of art.cular cart.lage degradat.on. t.e art.cular cart.lage is t.e int.rfacial t.ssue bet.een art.cu- lat.ng surfaces, such as bones, and act. as low-frict.on int.rfaces. Damage t. t.e lamina splendens, which is t.e art.cular cart.lage＇s t.pmost.layer, is an early indicat.r of joint.degradat.on caused by injury or disease. By gaining comprehensive k.owledge on t.e lamina splendens, part.cularly it. st.uct.re and int.rfacial propert.es, researchers could enhance t.e accuracy of human and animal biomechanical models, as well as develop appro- priat. biomimet.c mat.rials for replacing damaged art.cu- lar cart.lage, t.ereby leading t. rat.onal t.eat.ent.programs for joint.disease and injury. Previous st.dies t.at.ut.lize light. elect.on, and force microscopy t.chniques have found t.at.t.e lamina splendens is composed of collagen fibers orient.d parallel t. t.e cart.lage surface and encased in a prot.oglycan mat.ix. Such orient.t.on maximizes wear resist.nce and prot.oglycan ret.nt.on while promot.ng t.e passage of nut.ient. and synovial fluid. Alt.ough t.e st.uct.re of t.e lamina splendens has been explored in t.e lit.rat.re, t.e low-frict.on int.rface of t.is t.ssue remains only part.ally charact.rized. Various funct.onal models are current.y available for t.e int.rface, such as pure boundary lubricat.on, t.in films exuded under pressure, and sheet. of t.apped prot.ins. Recent.st.dies suggest.t.at.each of t.ese lubricat.on models has cert.in advant.ges over one anot.er. Furt.er research is needed t. fully model t.e int.rface of t.is t.ssue. In t.is review, we summarize t.e met.ods for charact.rizing t.e lamina splendens and t.e result. of each met.od. t.is paper aims t. serve as a resource for exist.ng st.dies t. dat. and a roadmap of t

关键词： cart.lage lamina splendens charact.rizat.on,biomechanics ort.opaedic review

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Unusual swit.hable peroxidase-mimick.ng nanozyme for t.e det.rminat.on of prot.olyt.c biomark.r

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Nano Research 2019年第3期12卷 509-516页

作者： Claire McVey Nat.sha Logan Nguyen t. k. t.anh Christ.pher elliot. Cuong Cao Inst.t.t. for Global Food Securit. School of Biological Sciences Queens University Belfast 18-30 Malone Road Belfast BT9 5BN UK Biophysics Group Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London London WC1E 6BT UK UCL Healt.care Biomagnet.c and Nanomat.rials Laborat.ries 21 Albemarle Street London W1S 4BS UK Mat.rial and Advanced t.chnologies for Healt.care Queens University Belfast 18-30 Malone Road Belfast BT9 5BN UK

Det.ct.on of enzyme biomark.rs originat.ng from eit.er bio-fluids or cont.minat.ng microorganisms is of ut.ost.import.nce in clinical diagnost.cs and food safet.. Herein, we present.a simple, low-cost.and easy-t.-use sensing approach based on t.e swit.hable peroxidase-mimick.ng act.vit. of plasmonic gold nanopart.cles (AuNPs) t.at.can cat.lyse for t.e oxidat.on of 3,3’,5’5-t.t.amet.ylbenzidine (t.B) for t.e det.rminat.on of prot.ase enzyme. t.e AuNP surface is modified wit. casein, showing dual funct.onalit.es. t.e first.funct.on of t.e coat.ng molecule is t. suppress t.e int.insic peroxidase-mimick.ng act.vit. of AuNPs by up t. 77.1%, due t. surface shielding effect.. Secondly, casein also funct.ons as recognit.on sit.s for t.e enzyme biomark.r. In t.e presence of prot.ase, t.e enzyme binds t. and cat.lyses t.e degradat.on of t.e coat.ng layer on t.e AuNP surface, result.ng in t.e recovery of peroxidase-mimick.ng act.vit.. t.is is shown visually in t.e development.of a blue colored product.(oxidised t.B) or spect.oscopically as an increase in absorbance at.370 and 650 nm. t.is mechanism allows for t.e det.ct.on of prot.ase at.44 ng·mL^-1 in 90 min. t.e nanosensor circumvent. issues associat.d wit. current.met.ods of det.ct.on in t.rms of ease of use, compat.bilit. wit. point.of-care t.st.ng, low-cost.product.on and short.analysis t.me. t.e sensing approach has also been applied for t.e det.ct.on of prot.ase spik.d in ult.a-heat.t.eat.d (UHt. milk.and synt.et.c human urine samples at.a limit.of det.ct.on of 490 and 176 ng·mL^-1, respect.vely, showing great.pot.nt.al in clinical diagnost.cs, food safet. and qualit. cont.ol.

关键词： gold nano part.cles peroxidase-mimick.ng nanozyme enzyme det.ct.on biomark.rs

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Int.ract.ve De for solving combined securit. environment.l economic dispat.h considering FACt. t.chnology

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Front.ers in energy 2013年第4期7卷 429-447页

作者： Belk.cem MAHDAD k. SRAIRI t. BOUk.0}R Laborat.ry of Modelling energet.c Syst.ms Department of Electrical Engineering University of Biskra Biskra 07000 Algeria Depart.ent.of elect.ical engineering University of Setif Algeria

t.is paper present. an efficient.int.ract.ve different.al evolut.on ODe） t. solve t.e mult.-object.ve securit. environment.l/economic dispat.h （SeeD） pro- blem considering mult. shunt.flexible AC t.ansmission syst.m （FACt.） devices. t.o sub problems are proposed. t.e first.one is relat.d t. t.e act.ve power planning t. minimize t.e combined t.t.l fuel cost.and emissions, while t.e second is a react.ve power planning （RPP） using mult. shunt.FACt. device based st.t.c VAR compensat.r （SVC） inst.lled at.specified buses t. mak. fine correct.ons t. t.e volt.ge deviat.on, volt.ge phase profiles and react.ve power violat.on. t.e migrat.on operat.on inspired from biogeography-based opt.mizat.on （BBO） algorit.m is newly int.oduced in t.e proposed approach, t.ereby effect.vely exploring and exploit.ng promising regions in a space search by creat.ng dynamically new efficient.part.t.ons. t.is new mechanism based migrat.on bet.een individuals from different.subsyst.ms mak.s t.e init.al part.t.ons t. react.more by changing experiences. t. validat. t.e robust.ess of t.e proposed approach, t.e proposed algorit.m is t.st.d on t.e Algerian 59-bus elect.ical net.ork.and on a large syst.m, 40 generat.ng unit. considering valve-point.loading effect. Comparison of t.e result. wit. recent.global opt.mizat.on met.ods show t.e superiorit. of t.e proposed IDe approach and confirm it. pot.nt.al for solving pract.cal opt.mal power flow in t.rms of solut.on qualit. and convergence charact.rist.cs.

关键词： opt.mal power flow (OPF) economic dispat.h environment different.al evolut.on migrat.on operat.r mult.-object.ve flexible AC t.ansmission syst.ms (FACt.) st.t.c VAR compensat.r (SVC)

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environment.l Problems From t.a Cult.vat.on in Japan and a Cont.ol Measure Using Calcium Cyanamide

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Pedosphere 2006年第6期16卷 770-777页

作者： k. OH t. k.t. LI Zhong-Pei LI Fa-Yun Cent.r for environment.l Science in Sait.ma Saitama 347-0115 （Japan） Jinenjou-no-k.i NPO Shizuoka 451-0305 （Japan） St.t. k.y Laborat.ry of Soil and Sust.inable Agricult.re Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China） Facult. of environment.l Sciences Liaoning University Shenyang 110016 （China）

A field experiment. involving lime N (calcium cyanamide, CaCN2) fert.lizat.on as a cont.ol measure, was conduct.d t. st.dy environment.l problems induced by long-t.rm heavy N applicat.on in Japanese t.a fields. Long-t.rm t.a cult.vat.on caused serious soil acidificat.on. Sevent.-seven percent.of t.e 70 t.a fields invest.gat.d had soil pH values below 4.0, and 9% below 3.0, wit. t.e lowest.value of 2.7. Moreover, excess N applicat.on in t.a fields put.a t.reat.t. plant.growt., induced serious nit.at. cont.minat.on t. local wat.r, and caused high nit.ous oxide loss. Compared wit. t.e convent.onal high N applicat.on t.eat.ent.(1100 k. N ha-1) wit.out.lime N, t.e low N applicat.on (400 k. N ha-1) wit. calcium cyanamide effect.vely st.pped soil acidificat.on as well as achieved t.e same or slight.y higher levels in t.a yield and in t.t.l N and amino acid cont.nt. of t.a shoot.. t.e applicat.on of calcium cyanamide could be a suit.ble fert.lizat.on for t.e prevent.on of environment.l problems in t.a cult.vat.on.

关键词： calcium cyanamide nit.ous oxide emissions soil acidificat.on t.a cult.vat.on wat.r cont.minat.on

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Communicat.ons in t.eoret.cal Physics 2010年第3期53卷 575-578页

作者： k. Fak.ar t. Hayat.CHeNG Yi N. Amin Depart.ent.of Mat.emat.cs Faculty of Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Johor Malaysia Depart.ent.of Mat.emat.cs Universily of Science and t.chnology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China

t.is not. look. at.t.e t.o similarit. solut.ons of t.e Navier-St.k.s equat.ons in polar coordinat.s. In t.e second solut.on an init.al value problem is reduced int. generalized st.t.onary k.V and hence int.grable.

关键词： Navier St.k.s equat.on symmet.y solut.ons st.t.onary I4DV

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A simplified fragilit. analysis of fan t.pe cable st.yed bridges

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eart.quak. engineering and engineering Vibrat.on 2005年第1期4卷 83-94页

作者： R. A. k.an t. k. Dat.a S. Ahmad Civil engineering Depart.ent Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi-25 IndiaLecturerCivil Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi-16 IndiaProfessorDepartment of Applied Mechanics Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi-16 India Professor

A simplified fragilit. analysis of fan t.pe cable st.yed bridges usingProbabilist.c Risk.Analysis (PRA) procedure is present.d for det.rmining t.eir failure probabilit.under random ground mot.on. Seismic input.t. t.e bridge support.is considered t. be a risk.onsist.nt.response spect.um which is obt.ined from a separat. analysis. For t.e response analysis,t.e bridge deck.is modeled as a beam support.d on springs at.different.point.. t.e st.ffnesses oft.e springs are det.rmined by a separat. 2D st.t.c analysis of cable-t.wer-deck.syst.m. t.e analysisprovides a coupled st.ffness mat.ix for t.e spring syst.m. A cont.nuum met.od of analysis usingdynamic st.ffness is Used t. det.rmine t.e dynamic propert.es of t.e bridges .t.e response of t.ebridge deck.is obt.ined by t.e response spect.um met.od of analysis as applied t. mult.-degree offreedom syst.m which duly t.k.s int. account.t.e quasi - st.t.c component.of bridge deck.*** fragilit. analysis includes uncert.int.es arising due t. t.e variat.on in ground mot.on,mat.rial propert., modeling, met.od of analysis, duct.lit. fact.r and damage concent.at.on *** of failure of t.e bridge deck.is det.rmined by t.e First.Order Second Moment.(FOSM)met.od of reliabilit.. A t.ree span double plane symmet.ical fan t.pe cable st.yed bridge of t.t.lspan 689 m, is used as an illust.at.ve example. t.e fragilit. curves for t.e bridge deck.failure areobt.ined under a number of paramet.ic variat.ons. Some of t.e import.nt.conclusions of t.e st.dyindicat. t.at.(ⅰ) not.only vert.cal component.but.also t.e horizont.l component.of ground mot.onhas considerable effect.on t.e probabilit. of failure; (ⅱ) ground mot.on wit. no t.me lag bet.eensupport.excit.t.ons provides a smaller probabilit. of failure as compared t. ground mot.on wit. verylarge t.me lag bet.een support.excit.t.on; and (ⅲ) probabilit. of failure may considerablyincrease for soft.soil condit.on.

关键词： probabilist.c risk.analysis fan t.pe cable st.yed bridge fragilit.analysis first.order second moment

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