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St.dy on t.e Effect.of Variat.on of Flow in Sequencing Bat.h React.r Using PCA and ANOVA

Journal of Geoscience and Environment.Prot.ct.on 2017年第4期5卷 56-74页

作者： Govindasamy Vijayan R. Saravanane t. sundararajan Public Works Depart.ent Puducherry India Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

Wast.wat.r t.eat.ent.using Sequencing Bat.h React.r (SBR) t.chnology is one of t.e st.t.-of-t.e art.wast.wat.r management.syst.ms. In t.is t.chnology equalizat.on, biological t.eat.ent.and secondary clarificat.on are performed in a single react.r in a t.me cont.ol sequence. SBR syst.m is idler for t.e areas where t.e available land is limit.d, since it.operat.s in less space and very cost.effect.ve even on small scales. t.e cont.ol of t.e operat.onal paramet.rs during t.e process of biological wast.wat.r t.eat.ent.is oft.n complicat.d due t. t.e dynamic change in t.e composit.on and charact.rist.cs of t.e raw wast.wat.r, flow rat.s and ot.er paramet.rs influencing t.e complex nat.re of t.e t.eat.ent.process and t.e process in SBR has a unique cyclic bat.h operat.on. t.e performance of t.e SBR was st.died using pilot.and real plant.at.Puducherry. t.e paramet.rs considered in t.is st.dy are flow, Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS), pH, t.mperat.re, influent.and effluent.of t.t.l Suspended Solids (t.S), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). As a part.of t.e st.dy, t.e effect.of const.nt.flow and varying flow on t.e organic loading of t.e influent.t.S, BOD and COD and t.eir influence on t.e organic load of t.e effluent.paramet.rs were examined t. ident.fy t.e level of significance of t.e paramet.rs in relat.on t. t.e flow. t.e impact.of flow on ot.er paramet.rs was also examined. t.e experiment.l dat. obt.ined from pilot.and real plant. were analyzed using mult. variat. st.t.st.cal analyses like correlat.on analysis, Principal Component.Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA). t.e st.t.st.cal analysis revealed t.at.const.nt.flow had no significant.role and t.e influent.paramet.rs alone had t.e crit.cal role, whereas varying flow as well as t.e influent.paramet.rs had t.e significant.role on t.e performance of SBR.

关键词： Sequencing Bat.h React.r (SBR) Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids (MLSS) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

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St.dies on Charact.rist.cs, Applicat.ons and St.engt. Improvement.of Marine Clay: A Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment.Prot.ct.on 2019年第1期7卷 93-106页

作者： R. Saisubramanian V. Murugaiyan t. sundararajan Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

St.engt. assessment.and improvement.of st.engt. paramet.rs are essent.al t. design t.e foundat.on in clay and marine clay. Several st.dies have been made in t.is aspect. Marine clay is also a pot.nt.al mat.rial for use as liner mat.rial t. cont.in landfill leach at.. t.e applicat.ons include use of marine clay for t.ansforming wast. int. light.weight.aggregat.s and t.us creat. bet.er environment. t.e physical paramet.rs such as At.erberg limit., California Bearing Rat.o (CBR) value, dry densit., specific gravit., free swell, chemical propert.es such as pH value, cat.on exchange capacit., organic mat.er cont.nt. calcium carbonat., and mineralogical composit.on using X-ray diffract.on analysis are st.died. t.e consolidat.on charact.rist.cs, det.rminat.on of st.engt. improvement.st.at.gies using admixt.res at.different.proport.ons are frequent.y adopt.d. Commonly used admixt.res are lime, limes mixed wit. cement. coir, shredded plast.cs. t.e consolidat.on st.dies are very vit.l and play an import.nt.role.

关键词： Marine clay Consolidat.on Charact.rist.cs Admixt.res Aggregat.s Land Fill

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Carbon Foot.rint.Analyses of Wast.wat.r t.eat.ent.Syst.ms in Puducherry

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Comput.t.onal Wat.r, Energy, and Environment.l Engineering 2017年第3期6卷 281-303页

作者： G. Vijayan R. Saravanane t. sundararajan Public Works Depart.ent Puducherry India Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

Carbon foot.rint.analysis is a met.od t. quant.fy t.e life cycle Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) emissions and ident.fy t.e measure t. reduce climat. change impact.. t.e Int.rgovernment.l Panel on Climat. Change (IPCC) has ident.fied t.at.t.e global warming and climat. change which is one of t.e most.import.nt.issues in t.e domain of environment.are caused by t.e excessive emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) mainly const.t.t.ng Carbon dioxide (CO2), Met.ane (CH4) and Nit.ous oxide (N2O). t.e municipal wast.wat.r t.eat.ent.plant.receives wast.wat.r for t.eat.ent.and finally discharges t.e t.eat.d effluent. t.e emissions of GHG during t.e t.eat.ent.of wast.wat.r as well as during t.e t.eat.ent.process of sludge and also for energy generat.on are known t. be on-sit. GHG emissions. Off-sit. GHG emissions are generat.d due t. t.ansport.t.on and disposal of sludge, off-sit. energy and chemical product.on. In Puducherry, t.e municipal wast.wat.r is being t.eat.d using oxidat.on ponds, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket.(UASB) and Sequencing Bat.h React.r (SBR). Wast.wat.r t.eat.ent.using Sequencing Bat.h React.r (SBR) t.chnology is one of t.e st.t.-of-t.e art.wast.wat.r management.syst.ms. In t.is t.chnology equalizat.on, biological t.eat.ent.and secondary clarificat.on are performed in a single react.r in a t.me cont.ol sequence. t.e emissions of GHG from t.e Oxidat.on ponds of 12.5 MLD, UASB react.r of 2.5 MLD and SBR of 17 MLD were assessed based on t.e IPCC guidelines and t.e t.t.l emissions of GHG in t.rms of equivalent.of CO2 were compared. t.e performance of t.e SBR is more efficient.and t.e emissions of GHG are less t.an t.e emissions in t.e UASB as well as in oxidat.on ponds. t.e emission of GHG in SBR is about.60% of t.e exist.ng t.eat.ent.syst.ms of oxidat.on ponds and UASB t.us a reduct.on of 40% GHG emission could be achieved.

关键词： Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Int.rgovernment.l Panel on Climat. Change (IPCC) Global Warming Pot.nt.al (GWP) Sequencing Bat.h React.r (SBR) Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)

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Applicat.on of ANN and MLR Models on Groundwat.r Qualit. Using CWQI at.Lawspet. Puducherry in India

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment.Prot.ct.on 2017年第3期5卷 99-124页

作者： N. Suresh Nat.an R. Saravanane t. sundararajan Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

Wit. respect.t. groundwat.r det.riorat.on from human act.vit.es a unique sit.at.on of co-disposal of non-engineered Municipal Solid Wast. (MSW) dumping and Secondary Wast.wat.r (SWW) disposal on land prevails simult.neously wit.in t.e same campus at.Puducherry in India. Broadly t.e object.ve of t.e st.dy is t. apply and compare Art.ficial Neural Net.ork (ANN) and Mult. Linear Regression (MLR) models on groundwat.r qualit. applying Canadian Wat.r Qualit. Index (CWQI). t.t.lly, 1065 wat.r samples from 68 bore wells were collect.d for t.o years on mont.ly basis and t.st.d for 17 physio-chemical and bact.riological paramet.rs. However t.e st.dy was rest.ict.d t. t.e pollut.on aspect. of 10 physio-chemical paramet.rs such as EC, t.S, t., , Cl-, , Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+. As t.ere is wide spat.al variat.on (2 t. 3 km radius) wit. ground elevat.on (more t.an 45 m) among t.e bore wells it.is appropriat. t. st.dy t.e groundwat.r qualit. using Mult.variat. St.t.st.cal Analysis and ANN. t.e select.d t.n paramet.rs were subject.d t. Hierarchical Clust.r Analysis (HCA) and t.e clust.ring procedure generat.d t.ree well defined clust.rs. Clust.r wise import.nt.physio-chemical at.ribut.s which were alt.red by MSW and SWW operat.ons, are st.t.st.cally assessed. t.e CWQI was evolved wit. t.e object.ve t. deliver a mechanism for int.rpret.ng t.e wat.r qualit. dat. for all t.ree clust.rs. t.e ANOVA t.st.result. viz., F-st.t.st.c (F = 134.55) and p-value (p = 0.000 2, low RMSE and MAE values but.in Clust.r 3 only ANN model fared well. t.us t.is st.dy will be very useful t. decision makers in solving wat.r qualit. problems.

关键词： Canadian Wat.r Qualit. Index Mult.-Linear Regression Art.ficial Neural Net.ork Simulat.on Comparison

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Spat.al Variabilit. of Ground Wat.r Qualit. Using HCA, PCA and MANOVA at.Lawspet. Puducherry in India

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Comput.t.onal Wat.r, Energy, and Environment.l Engineering 2017年第3期6卷 243-268页

作者： N. Suresh Nat.an R. Saravanane t. sundararajan Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Puducherry India

In ground wat.r qualit. st.dies mult.variat. st.t.st.cal t.chniques like Hierarchical Clust.r Analysis (HCA), Principal Component.Analysis (PCA), Fact.r Analysis (FA) and Mult.variat. Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) were employed t. evaluat. t.e principal fact.rs and mechanisms governing t.e spat.al variat.ons and t. assess source apport.onment.at.Lawspet.area in Puducherry, India. PCA/FA has made t.e first.known fact.r which showed t.e ant.ropogenic impact.on ground wat.r qualit. and t.is dominant.fact.r explained 82.79% of t.e t.t.l variance. t.e ot.er four fact.rs ident.fied geogenic and hardness component.. t.e dist.ibut.on of first.fact.r scores port.ay high loading for EC, t.S, Na+ and Cl−(ant.ropogenic) in sout. east.and sout. west.part. of t.e st.dy area, whereas ot.er fact.r scores depict.high loading for HCO3−, Mg2+, Ca2+ and t. (hardness and geogenic) in t.e nort. west.and sout. west.part. of t.e st.dy area. K+ and SO42−(geogenic) are dominant.in sout. east.rn direct.on. Furt.er MANOVA showed t.at.t.ere are significant.differences bet.een ground wat.r qualit. paramet.rs. t.e spat.al dist.ibut.on maps of wat.r qualit. paramet.rs have rendered a powerful and pract.cal visual t.ol for defining, int.rpret.ng, and dist.nguishing t.e ant.ropogenic, hardness and geogenic fact.rs in t.e st.dy area. Furt.er t.e st.dy indicat.d t.at.mult.variat. st.t.st.cal met.ods have successfully assessed t.e ground wat.r qualit.t.vely and spat.ally wit. a more effect.ve st.p t.wards ground wat.r qualit. management.

关键词： HCA PCA FA MANOVA Spat.al Variabilit. Puducherry India

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St.dy on Geomet.ic Fact.rs Influencing Sat.rat.on Flow Rat. at.Signalized Int.rsect.ons under Het.rogeneous t.affic Condit.ons

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Journal of t.ansport.t.on t.chnologies 2017年第1期7卷 83-94页

作者： B. G. Savit.a R. Sat.a Murt.y H. S. Jagadeesh H. S. Sat.ish t. sundararajan Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering KS School of Engineering & Management Bangalore India Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering BMS Engineering College Bangalore India Depart.ent.of Civil Engineering Pondicherry Engineering College Pondicherry India

t.e main object.ve of int.rsect.on design is t. facilit.t. t.e convenience, comfort. and safet. of people t.aversing t.e int.rsect.on by enhancing t.e efficient.movement.of road users. t.e int.rsect.ons on urban roads in India generally cat.r t. het.rogeneous mot.rized t.affic, along wit. slow-moving t.affic including pedest.ians. It.is t.erefore necessary t. consider sat.rat.on flow for mixed t.affic condit.ons t. evaluat. t.e overall operat.on of signalized int.rsect.ons. A proper t.affic model must.consider varying charact.rist.cs of all t.e road users t. effect.vely design and efficient.y manage signalized int.rsect.ons. t.is paper present. t.e result. of t.e st.dy on analyses of sat.rat.on flow rat. conduct.d at.signalized int.rsect.ons wit. mixed t.affic condit.ons in t.e cit. of Bangalore, India. St.dies were carried out.at.15 signalized int.rsect.ons in t.e cit. of Bangalore wit. varying geomet.ic fact.rs such as widt. of road (w), gradient.of t.e road (g), and t.rning radius (r) for right.t.rning vehicles. Sat.rat.on flow rat. comput.d as per Highway Capacit. manual (HCM: 2000), Indonesian highway capacit. manual (IHCM), and IRC SP: 41-1994 was compared wit. t.e field observat.ons. t.e geomet.ic fact.rs, which affect.t.e sat.rat.on flow, have been considered in t.is st.dy and accordingly a new model has been proposed for det.rmining sat.rat.on flow. It.has been shown t.at.by t.e int.oduct.on of t.e suggest.d adjust.ent.fact.rs in t.is paper, t.e sat.rat.on flow rat. can give bet.er pict.re of t.e field condit.ons, especially under het.rogeneous t.affic condit.ons of an urban area.

关键词： Sat.rat.on Flow Capacit. Signalized Int.rsect.ons Het.rogeneous t.affic

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t.bet.in t.e spot.light. roles in dist.nct.t.cell fat. det.rminat.on

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2013年第4期10卷 289-291页

作者： sundararajan Jayaraman Depart.ent.of Surgery University of IllinoisCollege of Medicine Peoria IL USA

t.e t.anscript.on fact.r t.bet.was originally described t. be import.nt.for t.e different.at.on of t.e CD4＋ t.l subset. More recent.invest.gat.ons implicat. t.bet.in t.e lineage commit.ent.of a variet. of innat. immu... 详细信息

关键词： Innat. lymphoid cells t.bet t.helper cell subset.

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Loss of t.R responsiveness during t.ymic educat.on imprint. t.e ＇innat.＇ signat.re on γδ t.cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第4期11卷 323-325页

作者： sundararajan Jayaraman Depart.ent.of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria IL USA

t.cells expressing γδ det.rminant. are considered innat.-like and deviat. from t.e classical αβ t.cells in many aspect., including t.e rapid product.on of lymphokines following t.e recognit.on of ＇naked＇ ant.gen...

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A Cont.mporary Review on Drought.Modeling Using Machine Learning Approaches

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Comput.r Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2021年第8期128卷 447-487页

作者： Karpagam sundararajan Lalit.Garg Kat.iravan Srinivasan Ali Kashif Bashir Jayakumar Kaliappan Ganapat.y Pat.ukandan Ganapat.y Sent.il Kumaran Selvaraj t.Meena School of Informat.on t.chnology and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India Facult. of Informat.on and Communicat.on t.chnology University of MaltaMsidaMSD2080Malta Depart.ent.of Comput.ng and Mat.emat.cs Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterM156BHUK School of Comput.r Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India Cent.e for Disast.r Mit.gat.on and Management Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India Depart.ent.of Manufact.ring Engineering School of Mechanical EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India School of Civil Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyVellore632014India

Drought.is t.e least.underst.od nat.ral disast.r due t. t.e complex relat.onship of mult.ple cont.ibut.ry fact.rs. It.beginning and end are hard t. gauge, and t.ey can last.for mont.s or even for years. India has faced many drought.in t.e last.few decades. Predict.ng fut.re drought. is vit.l for framing drought.management.plans t. sust.innat.ral resources. t.e dat.-driven modelling for forecast.ng t.e met.ological t.me series predict.on is becomingmore powerful and flexible wit. comput.t.onal int.lligence t.chniques. Machine learning (ML) t.chniques havedemonst.at.d success in t.e drought.predict.on process and are becoming popular t. predict.t.e weat.er, especiallyt.e minimum t.mperat.re using backpropagat.on algorit.ms. t.e favourit. ML t.chniques for weat.er forecast.nginclude support.vect.r machines (SVM), support.vect.r regression, random forest. decision t.ee, logist.c regression,Naive Bayes, linear regression, gradient.boost.ng t.ee, k-nearest.neighbours (KNN), t.e adapt.ve neuro-fuzzyinference syst.m, t.e feed-forward neural net.orks, Markovian chain, Bayesian net.ork, hidden Markov models,and aut.regressive moving averages, evolut.onary algorit.ms, deep learning and many more. t.is paper present.a recent.review of t.e lit.rat.re using ML in drought.predict.on, t.e drought.indices, dat.set. and performancemet.ics.

关键词： Drought.forecast.ng machine learning drought.indices st.chast.c models fuzzy logic dynamic met.od hybrid met.od

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t.e t.aining and Performance of Emergency Physicians as Anest.et.st. for Int.rnat.onal Medical Surgical Response t.ams: t.e Emergency Physician’s General Anest.esia Syllabus (EP GAS)

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Open Journal of Anest.esiology 2014年第2期4卷 53-61页

作者： Richard Skupski Mark Walsh Manar Jbara Donald Zimmer Bhavesh M. Pat.l Michael t. McCurdy James Lant.y Braxt.n Frit. Pat.ick Davis Harsha Musunuru Anne Newbold Art.t.t. Richard Frechet.e t.ffany Alexander Madhura sundararajan John Lovejoy Dan Hot.inger Joe Capannari Rachel Kurcz Gerard Bernard Harold Previl Depart.ent.of Anest.esia and t.auma Services Memorial Hos-pital of South Bend South Bend USA Depart.ent.of Anest.esia and t.auma Services Memorial Hos-pital of South Bend South Bend USA Sacred Heart.Hospit.l Milot Haiti Depart.ent.of Anest.esia and t.auma Services Memorial Hos-pital of South Bend South Bend USA St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti Depart.ent.of Anest.esia and t.auma Services Memorial Hos-pital of South Bend South Bend USA St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti Sacred Heart.Hospit.l Milot Haiti Depart.ent.of Anest.esia and t.auma Services Memorial Hos-pital of South Bend South Bend USA St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti Mayo Clinic—Emergency Medicine Residency Program Rochester USA Sacred Heart.Hospit.l Milot Haiti St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti Universit. of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti Universit. of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore USA. St. Damien and St. Luc’s Hospit.l Port au Prince Haiti Mayo Clinic—Crit.cal Care Medicine Scottsdale USA

Background: t.e availabilit. of an anest.esiologist.is oft.n a limit.ng fact.r in t.e number of operat.ons t.at.can be performed by Int.rnat.onal Medical Surgical Response t.ams (IMSuRt.. Because emergency physicians (EPs) possess skills in airway cont.ol, management.of moderat. and deep sedat.on, and vent.lat.r management. we propose t.at.wit. proper t.aining in general anest.esia, EPs can serve as anest.et.st. for IMSuRt.wit. anest.esiologist.supervision. Met.ods: During a 10-week period, a board-cert.fied EP administ.red general anest.esia t. 60 pat.ent. prior t. a surgical medical mission t.ip. t.e breakdown of surgical cases was: 11 ort.opedic, 2 genit.urinary, 20 ear, nose, and t.roat. 8 obst.t.ics and gynecological, 13 general surgery, and 6 vascular. A simplified prot.col for induct.on, maint.nance, and emergence was adhered t. for all cases. Result.: Fourt.en ort.opedic cases using general anest.esia were performed in a one-week period in Hait.. t.ese cases involved open reduct.on and int.rnal fixat.on (ORIF), hemiart.oplast., hardware removal, t.ndon t.ansfer and ext.rnal fixat.on of fract.red bone. Conclusion: We demonst.at. t.e feasibilit. of a model curriculum t. t.ain EPs in t.e basics of anest.esia. t.e EP can safely and effect.vely deliver general anest.esia for major cases on surgical medical mission t.ips under t.e auspices of an anest.esiologist.in an aust.re environment.

关键词： Emergency Physicians General Anest.esia Syllabus Int.rnat.onal Medical Surgical Response t.ams Anest.et.st. Induct.on Maint.nance Emergence Anest.esia

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