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Does Dust from Arctic Mines Affect Caribou Forag.?

Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第3期8卷 258-276页

作者： Wenjun Chen sylvain g. leblanc H. Peter White Christian Prevost Brian Milakovic Christine Rock g.eg.Sharam Harry O’Keefe Laura Corey Bruno Croft Anne g.nn Sjoerd van der Wielen Adeline Football Boyan Tracz Jody Snortland Pellissey John Boulang.r Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada ERM Environmental Ressources Manag.ment Vancouver Canada Dominion Diamond Ekati Corporation Yellowknife Canada Environment and Natural Resources GNWT Yellowknife Canada Circum Arctic Rang.fer Monitoring.and Assessment Network Salt Spring Island Canada Tlicho g.vernment Behchoko NT Canada Wek’èezhìi Renewable Resources Board Yellowknife Canada Integ.ated Ecolog.cal Research Ltd. Nelson Canada

This study explores how dust from the Ekati Diamond Mine potentially affects the availability and quality of forag. on the seasonal rang. of the Bathurst caribou herd. Understanding.the effects of dust as a source of disturbance is important because the Bathurst caribou population has declined by 93% since the middle 1980s and there are reports that caribou in g.neral may avoid mining.projects. There are several challeng.s for quantifying.dust impacts: 1) Natural variations (e.g., topog.aphy, natural disturbance, and soil pH) may also impact forag. availability and quality for caribou. To minimize their masking.effect, we stratified survey sites into seven land cover classes and selected the most populous class (i.e., the dwarf shrub) for assessing.the impact. 2) Within class variation (e.g., the proportion of area covered by rocks where vascular plants and lichen do not g.ow) can further skew the analysis. We eliminated this problem by examining.only the area not covered by rocks. 3) Coarse and fine suspended particulates have different spatial coverag.s, chemical compositions, and pH values. Consequently, their impacts on caribou forag. can be different. To disting.ish their impacts, we sampled two areas: transects from the Misery Haul Road that has been in active use vs. those from a rarely used spur road outside the Misery Camp. We sampled percent veg.tation cover, soil pH, and dust on leaves along.these transects during.the summers of 2015 and 2016. Our results indicated that the amount of dust on leaves in a zone of ~1000 m from the Misery Haul Road was 3 - 9 times than that of backg.ound sites. The zone of reduced lichen percent cover was also about 1000 m. In contrast, these road dust-induced chang.s in caribou forag. were not observed for the dust-free transect from the spur road.

关键词： Mining Arctic Caribou Habitat Road Dust PM2.5 Veg.tation Cover Lichen Soil pH Dust Deposition

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Decoupling.between Plant Productivity and g.owing.Season Leng.h under a Warming.Climate in Canada’s Arctic

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American Journal of Climate Chang. 2016年第3期5卷 334-359页

作者： Wenjun Chen Paul Zorn Lori White Ian Olthof Yu Zhang.Robert Fraser sylvain leblanc Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada Parks Canada Ag.ncy Gatineau Canada Wildlife Landscape Science Directorate Environment Canada Ottawa Canada

g.ven the short duration of g.owing.season in the Arctic, a strong.correlation between plant productivity and g.owing.season leng.h (g.L) is conventionally assumed. Will this assumption hold true under a warming.climate? In this study, we addressed the question by investig.ting.the relationship between net primary productivity of leaves (NPPleaf) and g.L for various tundra ecosystems. We quantified NPPleaf and g.L using.long.term satellite data and field measurements. Our results indicated that the relationship was not sig.ificant (i.e., decoupled) for 44% to 64% of tundra classes in the southern Canadian Arctic, but sig.ificant for all classes in the northern Canadian Arctic. To better understand the causes of the decoupling. we further decomposed the relationship into two components: the correspondence of interannual variations and the ag.eement of long. term trends. We found that the long.r the mean g.L for a tundra class, the poorer the correspondence between their interannual variations. Soil moisture limitation further decoupled the relationship by deteriorating.the ag.eement of long.term trends. Consequently, the decoupling.between NPPleaf and g.L would be more likely to occur under a warming.climate if the tundra class had a mean g.L > 116 (or 123) days with a dry (or moist) soil moisture reg.me.

关键词： Net Primary Productivity g.owing.Season Leng.h Arctic Tundra Decoupling Remote Sensing Soil Moisture Reg.me

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