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Refined Anam-Net:Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Improved Segmentation Performance of Optic Cup and Disc for Glaucoma Diagnosis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第7期80卷 1381-1405页

作者： Khursheed Aurangzeb syed Irtaza haider Musaed Alhussein Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia

In this work,we aim to introduce some modifications to the Anam-Net deep neural network(DNN)model for segmenting optic cup(OC)and optic disc(OD)in retinal fundus images to estimate the cup-to-disc ratio(CDR).The CDR is a reliable measure for the early diagnosis of *** this study,we developed a lightweight DNN model for OC and OD segmentation in retinal fundus *** DNN model is based on modifications to Anam-Net,incorporating an anamorphic depth embedding *** reduce computational complexity,we employ a fixed filter size for all convolution layers in the encoder and decoder stages as the network *** modification significantly reduces the number of trainable parameters,making the model lightweight and suitable for resource-constrained *** evaluate the performance of the developed model using two publicly available retinal image databases,namely RIM-ONE and *** results demonstrate promising OC segmentation performance across most standard evaluation metrics while achieving analogous results for OD *** used two retinal fundus image databases named RIM-ONE and Drishti-GS that contained 159 images and 101 retinal images,*** OD segmentation using the RIM-ONE we obtain an f1-score(F1),Jaccard coefficient(JC),and overlapping error(OE)of 0.950,0.9219,and 0.0781,***,for OC segmentation using the same databases,we achieve scores of 0.8481(F1),0.7428(JC),and 0.2572(OE).Based on these experimental results and the significantly lower number of trainable parameters,we conclude that the developed model is highly suitable for the early diagnosis of glaucoma by accurately estimating the CDR.

关键词： Refined Anam-Net parameter tuning deep learning optic cup optic disc cup-to-disc ratio glaucoma diagnosis

Deep Learning Approach for Hand Gesture Recognition:Applications in Deaf Communication and Healthcare

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 127-144页

作者： Khursheed Aurangzeb Khalid Javeed Musaed Alhussein Imad Rida syed Irtaza haider Anubha Parashar Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computing and InformaticsUniversity of SharjahSharjah27272United Arab Emirates Laboratory Biomechanics and Bioengineering University of Technology of CompiegneCompiegne60200France Department of Computer Science and Engineering Manipal University JaipurJaipur303007India

Hand gestures have been used as a significant mode of communication since the advent of human *** facilitating human-computer interaction(HCI),hand gesture recognition(HGRoc)technology is crucial for seamless and error-free *** technology is pivotal in healthcare and communication for the deaf *** significant advancements in computer vision-based gesture recognition for language understanding,two considerable challenges persist in this field:(a)limited and common gestures are considered,(b)processing multiple channels of information across a network takes huge computational time during discriminative feature ***,a novel hand vision-based convolutional neural network(CNN)model named(HVCNNM)offers several benefits,notably enhanced accuracy,robustness to variations,real-time performance,reduced channels,and ***,these models can be optimized for real-time performance,learn from large amounts of data,and are scalable to handle complex recognition tasks for efficient human-computer *** proposed model was evaluated on two challenging datasets,namely the Massey University Dataset(MUD)and the American Sign Language(ASL)Alphabet Dataset(ASLAD).On the MUD and ASLAD datasets,HVCNNM achieved a score of 99.23% and 99.00%,*** results demonstrate the effectiveness of CNN as a promising HGRoc *** findings suggest that the proposed model have potential roles in applications such as sign language recognition,human-computer interaction,and robotics.

关键词： Computer vision deep learning gait recognition sign language recognition machine learning

Environmental impact of energy imports:Natural resources income and natural gas production profitability in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Countries

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 125-139页

作者： Aimin Pan Si Xu syed Anees haider Zaidi School of Business Hunan University of Science and TechnologyXiangtanChina School of Tourism and Economic Management Nanchang Normal UniversityNanchangChina Faculty of Economic Sciences University of WarsawPoland

Environmental degradation is a pressing global concern,with the energy sector being one of the major contributors to this *** environmental impact of energy imports,particularly regarding natural resources income and natural gas production profitability,cannot be *** must assess the environmental consequences of their energy choices and take steps to minimize their *** transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources,countries can ensure a better future for the environment and their *** study examines the impact of energy imports and natural resources income on environmental degradation in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)countries from 1990 to 2020,using revenue minus the production cost of natural gas and electricity production from renewable sources as moderating ***-run estimates are derived using the Generalized Method of Moments and robust least *** findings elucidate that importing energy from countries specializing in renewable energy can help reduce reliance on fossil *** diversification of energy sources decreases the overall carbon footprint and contributes to a cleaner *** gas production often involves infrastructure construction,such as drilling rigs and pipelines,which can disrupt natural habitats and wildlife *** destruction of ecosystems can have long-term consequences on biodiversity and ecological *** environmental impact of energy imports,particularly related to natural resource income and natural gas production profitability,requires BRICS countries to take proactive *** nations can address the environmental challenges associated with their energy demands by implementing policies prioritizing sustainable resource management,carbon pricing,stringent regulation,and investment in research and *** doing so,they can balance economic growth and environmental sustainability,ensuring a greener future for the BRICS

关键词： Energy imports Environmental degradation Natural resources income Renewable energy APEC countries

National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1018-1042页

作者： Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib haider Siraj haider syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb haider Zia Ammara Naveed Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Hepatogastroenterology and Liver Transplantation Dr.Ziauddin University HospitalKarachi 75600SindhPakistan University of Aberdeen Aberdeen B243FXUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research CentreLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Radiology Aga Khan UniversityKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Oncology Hameed Latif HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Division of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplantation Shifa International HospitalIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Hepatopancreatic Biliary Surgery&Liver Transplant Shaikh Zayed Hospital and Post Graduate Medical InstituteLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Medicine Aga Khan University HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Liver Transplant Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Medicine&Gastroenterology Lifecare Hospital and Research CentrePeshawar 25000Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver Transplant Bahria International HospitalLahore 54000Pakistan Department of Surgery Hepatopancreatobiliary&Liver TransplantDow University of Health SciencesKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology&NutritionPir Abdul Qadir Shah Jeelani Institute of Medical SciencesGambat 66020Pakistan Department of Oncology Dr.Ziauddin HospitalKarachi 74800Pakistan Department of Radiology Rehman Medical InstitutePeshawar 25000Pakistan Army Liver Transplant Unit Pak Emirates Military HospitalRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology Sindh Institute of Urology and TransplantationKarachi 75500Pakistan Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer Clinic Rashid Nursing Home and Cancer ClinicRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Gastroentero

A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the *** Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this *** effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these *** coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective *** diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance *** cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for ***,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before *** ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for *** only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette *** patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver *** chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of *** use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary *** with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary *** chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA.

关键词： Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Bismuth-Corlette classification Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre Staging Preoperative biliary drainage Portal vein embolisation Surgical resection Hepatectomy

Parametic Model for Optimization of Battery Capacity and Power Transmitters of On-line Electric Vehicles in Closed/Open Environments

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第1期9卷 185-196页

作者： Fatima Nisar syed haider Imtiaz Alam Asad waqar Toqeer Ahmed Mudassar Usman Department of Electrical Engineering School of Engineering&Applied Sciences(BSEAS)Bahria UniversityIslamabadPakistan Department of Centre for Advanced Electronics and Photovoltaic Engineering(CAEPE) International Islamic Universityand School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Science(SINES)National University of Science and Technology(NUST)IslamabadPakistan

An on-line electric vehicle(OLEV)uses a wireless charging phenomenon,in which power transmitters are installed beneath the road and the OLEV’s battery is charged *** paper deals with the optimization of two key economic and design parameters,i.e.,the size of the battery and the power transmitters allocation.A complete model configuration of the OLEV system,including the vehicle design and power transmitter,is implemented using MATLAB/*** battery’s state of charge(SOC)rises and drops according to the vehicle’s velocity and power collection and *** mixed integer programming(MIP)model is used for cost ***,with the help of the SOC graph and MIP model,the battery size and the number of power transmitters,along with their placements,are *** proposed model is applicable to both closed and open environments as it accepts both regulated and deregulated *** test cases are performed for this *** first test case deals with regulated velocity for which we have applied the KAIST campus OLEV’s velocity along with its 13 kWh battery size and 4 power transmitters,and then applied the suggested solution with the same velocity and route i.e.,8 power transmitters with shorter lengths and reduced battery size(3.25 kWh;one-fourth of the first case).SOC is found within limits at the end of the route,saving$1600 and validating the proposed model in this *** the second test case,we use deregulated velocity and optimize both parameters,using the same approach.

关键词： Closed and open environments mixed integer programming on-line electrical vehicle power transmitters state of charge wireless charging

Modified Anam-Net Based Lightweight Deep Learning Model for Retinal Vessel Segmentation

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1501-1526页

作者： syed Irtaza haider Khursheed Aurangzeb Musaed Alhussein College of Computer and Information Sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

The accurate segmentation of retinal vessels is a challenging taskdue to the presence of various pathologies as well as the low-contrast ofthin vessels and non-uniform illumination. In recent years, encoder-decodernetworks have achieved outstanding performance in retinal vessel segmentation at the cost of high computational complexity. To address the aforementioned challenges and to reduce the computational complexity, we proposea lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN)-based encoder-decoderdeep learning model for accurate retinal vessels segmentation. The proposeddeep learning model consists of encoder-decoder architecture along withbottleneck layers that consist of depth-wise squeezing, followed by fullconvolution, and finally depth-wise stretching. The inspiration for the proposed model is taken from the recently developed Anam-Net model, whichwas tested on CT images for COVID-19 identification. For our lightweightmodel, we used a stack of two 3 × 3 convolution layers (without spatialpooling in between) instead of a single 3 × 3 convolution layer as proposedin Anam-Net to increase the receptive field and to reduce the trainableparameters. The proposed method includes fewer filters in all convolutionallayers than the original Anam-Net and does not have an increasing numberof filters for decreasing resolution. These modifications do not compromiseon the segmentation accuracy, but they do make the architecture significantlylighter in terms of the number of trainable parameters and computation *** proposed architecture has comparatively fewer parameters (1.01M) thanAnam-Net (4.47M), U-Net (31.05M), SegNet (29.50M), and most of the otherrecent works. The proposed model does not require any problem-specificpre- or post-processing, nor does it rely on handcrafted features. In addition,the attribute of being efficient in terms of segmentation accuracy as well aslightweight makes the proposed method a suitable candidate to be used in thescreening platforms at

关键词： Anam-Net convolutional neural network cross-database training data augmentation deep learning fundus images retinal vessel segmentation semantic segmentation

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第6期36卷 3487-3499页

作者： Samah Alhazmi Shahnawaz Khan Mohammad haider syed College of Computing and Informatics Saudi Electronic UniversityRiyadh11673Saudi Arabia Country Bahrain Polytechnic Isa Town33349Bahrain

Quality education is one of the primary objectives of any nation-build-ing strategy and is one of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)by the United *** provide quality education,delivering top-quality con-tent is not ***,understanding the learners’emotions during the learning process is equally ***,most of this research work uses general data accessed from Twitter or other publicly available *** databases are generally not an ideal representation of the actual learning process and the learners’sentiments about the learning *** research has col-lected real data from the learners,mainly undergraduate university students of dif-ferent regions and *** analyzing the emotions of the students,appropriate steps can be suggested to improve the quality of education they *** order to understand the learning emotions,the XLNet technique is *** investigated the transfer learning method to adopt an efficient model for learners’sentiment detection and classification based on real *** experiment on the collected data shows that the proposed approach outperforms aspect enhanced sentiment analysis and topic sentiment analysis in the online learning community.

关键词： Transfer learning AI modeling optimization sentiment analysis deep learning

Thickness-dependent monochalcogenide GeSe-based CBRAM for memory and artificial electronic synapses

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2263-2277页

作者： Asif Ali haider Abbas Muhammad Hussain syed Hassan Abbas Jaffery Sajjad Hussain Changhwan Choi Jongwan Jung HMC(Hybrid Materials Center)and Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering Sejong UniversitySeoul 143–747Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea

Investigating the promising chalcogenide materials for the development of memory and advanced neuromorphic computing applications is a critical step in realizing electronic memory and synaptic devices that can efficiently emulate biological synaptic ***,the assessment of monochalcogenide materials for the fabrication of highly scalable memory and electronic synaptic devices that can accurately mimic synaptic functions remain *** the present study,we investigated the thickness-dependent resistive switching(RS)behavior of conductive bridge random access memory(CBRAM)based on a monochalcogenide GeSe switching medium for its possible application in high-performance memory and electronic *** thin films of different thicknesses(6,13,24,35,47,and 56 nm)were deposited via sputtering to fabricate CBRAM devices with a stacking sequence of Ag/GeSe/Pt/Ti/SiO_(2).The devices exhibited compliance current(CC)-free and electroforming-free RS with highly stable endurance and retention characteristics with no major *** devices with a thickness of 6 nm had a low-resistance state(LRS),which required an initial reset to ensure reliable switching *** devices with a thickness of 47 nm and above exhibited the co-existence of unipolar resistive switching(U-RS)and bipolar resistive switching(B-RS)with the CC-controlled transition between the two switching *** resistance states in the 24-nm device between a high-resistance state(HRS)and an LRS were achieved by controlling the set-CC(from 5 mA to CC-free)and the reset stop voltage(from–0.5 to–1.0 V)during the set and reset processes,*** analog RS behavior of the device was further investigated with appropriate pulse measurements to emulate vital synaptic functions,including long-term potentiation(LTP),long-term depression(LTD),spike-rate-dependent plasticity(SRDP),spike-timing-dependent plasticity(STDP),paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),paired-pulse depression(PPD)and

关键词： conductive bridge random access memory(CBRAM) resistive memory switching monochalcogenide material bipolar and unipolar resistive switching multilevel resistive switching electronic synapses

A Compact 28 GHz Millimeter Wave Antenna for Future Wireless Communication

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 301-314页

作者： Shahid Khan Adil Bashir haider Ali Abdul Rauf Mohamed Marey Hala Mostafa Ikram syed LCOMS ASECUniversity de LorraineMetz57070France Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Comsats University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus22060Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Department of Electronics Technology University of TechnologyNowshera24100Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering National University of Sciences and TechnologyH-12Islamabad44000Pakistan Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of EngineeringPrince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia Computer Software Engineering Military College of SignalsNational University of Sciences and TechnologyIslamabad44000Pakistan

This article presents a novel modified chuck wagon dinner bell shaped millimeter wave(mm-wave)antenna at 28 *** proposed design has ultra-thin Rogers 5880 substrate with relative permittivity of *** design consists of T shaped resonating elements and two open ended side *** desired 28 GHz frequency response is achieved by careful parametric modeling of the proposed *** maximum achieved single element gain at the desired resonance frequency is 3.45 *** efficiency of the proposed design over the operating band is more than 88%.The impedance bandwidth achieved for−10 dB reference value is nearly 2.9 *** proposed antenna is transformed into four element linear array which increases the gain up to 10.5 *** fabricated prototype is tested for the measured *** is observed that measured results closely match the simulated *** considering its simple structure and focused radiation patterns,the proposed design is well suited for IoT(Internet of Things),mmWave microwave sensing,5G and future RF(Radio Frequency)frontends.

关键词： RF front-ends mmWave partial ground plane 28 GHz IoT 5G antenna