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Effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on performance and blood profile in early and mid-lactation Holstein cows

Animal Nutrition 2015年第3期1卷 229-238页

作者： Anja Peters Ulrich Meyer sven danicke Institute of Animal Nutrition Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute(FLI)Federal Research Institute for Animal Health

The supplementation of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes(EFE) to dairy cows diets could be a strategy to improve fiber degradation in the rumen which is especially important for the early lactating cows characterized by a high milk energy output and an insufficient energy intake. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a fibrolytic enzyme product(Roxazyme G2 Liquid, 3.8 and 3.9 mL/kg total mixed ration [TMR] DM) supplemented to a TMR on production performance and blood parameters of dairy cows during early(trial 1) and mid-lactation(trail 2). In addition, rumination activity was measured in trial 2. The nutrient digestibility of the experimental TMR was obtained by using wethers. In the digestibility trial, EFE was supplemented at a rate of 4.4 m L/kg Roxazyme G2 Liquid TMR-DM. The TMR contained 60% forage and 40% concentrate(DM basis). Twenty eight 50 ± 16 days in milk(DIM)and twenty six 136 ± 26 DIM Holstein cows were used in two 8-wk completely randomized trails,stratified by parity and milk yield level. One milliliter of the enzyme product contained primarily cellulase and xylanase activities(8,000 units endo-1,4-? glucanase, 18,000 units endo-1,3(4)-? glucanase and 26,000 units 1,4-? xylanase). No differences in digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were observed(P >0.05) between the control and the EFE supplemented TMR. Addition of EFE to the TMR fed to early(trial 1) and mid-lactation cows(trial 2) did not affect daily dry matter intake(DMI), milk yield,4% fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk(ECM), concentration of milk fat, protein, fat-protein-quotients, somatic cell score, energy balance, and gross feed efficiency of early and mid-lactation cows(P >0.05). Mid-lactation cows(trial 2) fed with TMR enzyme showed a tendency of a slightly higher ECM yield(P = 0.09). The tested blood parameters were not affected by treatment in trials 1 and 2(P >0.05).Exogenous fibrolytic enzymes supplementation did not alter daily time spent ruminating in t

关键词： Fibrolytic enzymes Dairy cows Milk yield Feed efficiency

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Changes of the liver metabolome following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection in Holstein cows supplemented with dietary carnitine

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 188-199页

作者： Wei Xu Sandra Grindler Akos Kenez sven danicke Jana Frahm Korinna Huber Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture Beijing 100097China. Department of Biosystems Biosystems Technology ClusterCampus GeelKleinhoefstraat 42440 Geel LeuvenKUBelgium. Institute of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of Hohenheim70599 StuttgartGermany. Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health City University of Hong KongBlock 14/FTo Yuen Building31 To Yuen StreetKowloonHong Kong SARChina. Institute of Animal Nutrition Federal Research Institute for Animal Health(Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut)38116 BrunswickGermany.

Background:Carnitine facilitates the flux of long-chain fatty acids for hepatic mitochondrial beta-oxidation,which acts to ameliorate the negative energy balance commonly affecting high-yielding dairy *** triggered by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)load can however pose a challenge to the metabolic integrity via the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators,leading to immune system activation and respective metabolic *** effect of enhanced carnitine availability on hepatic metabolome profiles during an inflammatory challenge has not yet been determined in dairy ***,Holstein cows were supplemented with 25 g/d rumen-protected carnitine from 42d prepartum until 126 d postpartum(n=16)or assigned to the control group with no supplementation during the same period(n=14).We biopsied the liver of the cows before(100 d postpartum)and after(112 d postpartum)an intravenous injection of 0.5μg/kg *** samples were subjected to a targeted metabolomics analysis using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 Kit(Biocrates Life Sciences AG,Innsbruck,Austria).Results:Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that hepatic metabolome profiles changed in relation to both the carnitine supplementation and the LPS *** the metabolite profiles on 100 d,carnitine increased the concentration of short-and long-chain acyl-carnitines,which may be explained by an enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid shuttle and hence greater energy *** LPS injection affected hepatic metabolite profiles only in the carnitine supplemented group,particularly altering the concentration of biogenic ***:Our results point to interactions between an acute hepatic inflammatory response and biogenic amine metabolism,depending on energy availability.

关键词： Acyl-carnitines Inflammatory response Lipid metabolism Liver metabolome Mitochondrial function

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Metabolism of Glucotropaeolin from Tropaeolum majus L.(Nasturtium)and the Bioavailability of Benzyl-Isothiocyanates in Growing Pigs

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2014年第2期4卷 180-190页

作者： Katrin Stelter Elke Bloem Andreas Berk sven danicke Institute of Animal Nutrition Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute(FLI)Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthBraunschweigGermany Institute for Crop and Soil Science Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants(JKI)BraunschweigGermany

Tropaeolum majus L. is widely known as a medicinal plant in human medicine. It belongs to the Tropaeolaceae which contains mustard oil glycosides like cruciferous plants. In the case of T. majus, the intact glucosinolate glucotropaeolin showed no biological activity, but their degradation products, the isothiocyanates, did. The substances are thought to be enriched in the urinary bladder and the lungs, the active sites to develop their antimicrobial effectiveness. In animal nutrition these effects are of interest in sow management and piglet rearing. Therefore, the kinetics of benzyl-isothiocyanat (BITC) in plasma and the excretion with pig urine in response to nasturtium supplementation at different dosing regimens and galenic forms were examined. Four different groups with catheterized pigs were studied. The animals received the T. majus in different dosages (2.3, 6.9 and 13.4 mg GTL/kg BW) and different galenic forms (enteric coated tablets, pulverized tablets and powder) admixed to the feed ration as single bolus to the morning feeding. Blood and urine samples were collected within 24 h after nasturtium intake and analyzed for free BITC. The results indicated that the enteric coating was not effective in animal feeding. The concentration of BITC in tablet fed pigs was lower compared to animals fed powder or pulverized tablets. The bio-availability of the tablets was only 45% within 24 h relative to pulverized tablets. Nevertheless, the tablets could have some advantages in terms of the handling, the stability of the active substance and the dosing. Furthermore, it could be shown that all dosages yielded concentrations in urine and plasma, which can be considered to have an antimicrobial effect.

关键词： Tropaeolum majus L. Benzyl-Isothiocyanate Pig Urine Plasma

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The Use of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization to Investigate Microbiota of Piglets after Feeding Oregano

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第17期5卷 1628-1636页

作者： Katrin Stelter Andreas Berk Lutz Geue Stefanie Barth Petra Schlien Alexander Swidsinski sven danicke Institute of Animal Nutrition Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute(FLI)Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthBraunschweigGermany Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute(FLI)Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthJenaGermany Charite Hospital CCMLaboratory for Molecular GeneticsPolymicrobial Infections and Bacterial BiofilmsDepartment of MedicineGastroenterologyUniversitatsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany

A total of 80 piglets (7.9 ± 1.0 kg) were used in a feeding experiment with dried oregano. The diets differed in their oregano content: 0 g, 2 g, 4 g and 8 g oregano/kg feed, corresponding to 0, 23.5, 46.9 and 93.9 mg carvacrol/kg DM. After the experimental period of 5 weeks, 20 piglets of both extreme feeding groups were slaughtered: 10 animals of the control group and 10 animals of the group that received 8 g oregano/kg. Ingesta samples of jejunum, caecum and colon were collected and analyzed by FISH and PCR RFLP to compare the diversity of microbiota. The results showed no significant changes in microbiota in response to oregano. The patterns of the PCR-RFLP showed a similarity of 61.8% - 91.8% in both feeding groups. In conclusion, an effect of oregano on the in- testinal microbiota could not be shown under the methods used.

关键词： Piglets Origanum vulgare L. Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Intestinal Microorganisms

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