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Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2865-2879页

作者： Sri Hidayati Eugenia Fonny Budiyanto hadi Saputra sutopo hadi Apri Heri Iswanto Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat Petar Antov Lee Seng Hua Widya Fatriasari MohdSapuan Salit Agricultural Product Technology Department Faculty of AgricultureThe University of LampungJl.Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1Bandar LampungIndonesia Department of Forest Product Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanNorth SumatraIndonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center Jl.Tridharma Ujung No.1Kampus USUMedanNorth SumatraIndonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya BogorCibinongIndonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofiaBulgaria Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaLintasan SemarakBandar JengkaMalaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Collaboration Center for Marine Biomaterials Jl.Ir.SukarnoJatinangorSumedangWest JavaIndonesia Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia

Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process,which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers.Lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor,with quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products,while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material.Therefore,it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals.The aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin,i.e.,pH values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,methoxyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03,respectively.Due to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications,lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldehyde scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adhesives.

关键词： Formacell black liquor lignin properties KOH ethanol oil palm empty fruit bunch advanced biocomposite

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Location of Disaster Management Bases Using Spatial Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第1期33卷 1-29页

作者： hadi Nayyeri Sahar Zandi Mahmood Souri Department of Geomorphology Faculty of Natural ResourceUniversity of KurdistanSanandajKurdistanIran Department of Geography Sciences Kharazmi UniversityTehranIran Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic Employee of Iran HamedanIran

Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize vulnerability.Iran is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt,resulting in an average death rate six times higher than the global average during earthquakes.Therefore,selecting appropriate relief and rescue centers is crucial to Iran’s disaster preparedness.When selecting the placement of rescue centers,accessibility and the appropriateness of the land should be taken into account as well as the distance from high-risk areas.The location of these centers does not require any particular combinations.To address this issue,a study was conducted utilizing GIS,artificial neural networks,fuzzy logic,and mathematical models to determine the optimal placement based on 12 indicators within two clusters:natural and human.To examine the information layers of the initial stage,a spatial data repository concerning the variables impacting the placement of these centers was established using ARCGIS.Using functions and algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic in IDRISI,TOPSIS,and VIKOR software,the layers were assessed for weightage before being overlaid.The study’s analysis of the models used revealed that the positioning priority limits of the areas differed across all four models.Notably,the areas with high desirability varied to a greater extent:the fuzzy model varied by 9.3%,neural network by 12.4%,VIKOR by 4.5%,and TOPSIS by 16.2%.The variance in results can be attributed to the differing levels of risk acceptance and non-acceptance in each model.Additionally,the study yielded other significant findings such as the correlation between study area size and model accuracy.Specifically,smaller study areas exhibited higher model accuracy.The research also demonstrated that both fuzzy and VIKOR models achieved greater accuracy.As a result,employing these models in crisis management planning,particularly in pre-crisis management for identifying rescue center locations,would be highly advantageous and increas

关键词： Crisis management GIS earthquake risk site selection

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Applying the Protective Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3)Coating on Crofer 22 APU Ferritic Stainless Steel Used as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Interconnects

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第5期37卷 872-888页

作者： Farhad Mohsenifar hadi Ebrahimifar Ahmad Irannejad Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy Faculty of EngineeringShahid Bahonar University of KermanKermanIran Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringHigher Education Complex of Bam76615-314BamIran Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringGraduate University of Advanced TechnologyKerman ***Iran

This research studies the effect of Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3) coating synthesized by the electrodeposition method on the oxidation resistance and electrical conductivity of the Crofer 22 APU stainless steel interconnect plates in solid oxide fuel cells.The test samples were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The oxidation kinetics of the coated and uncoated samples were studied by tracking their weight changes over time at 800°C,showing that the oxidation mechanism for all samples follows the parabolic law.Lower oxidation rate constant(k_(p))values of the coated sample compared with that of the uncoated one indicated a reduction in the oxidation rate of the steel substrate in the presence of the Mn-Co-La_(2)O_(3) coating.The examination of the cross-section of different samples after the isothermal oxidation for 500 h at 800°C exhibited that applying the composite coating leads to a decrease in the thickness of the chromia layer formed on the steel surface.Furthermore,under these conditions,the area-specific resistance(ASR)of the coated sample(13.11 mΩcm^(2))is significantly lower than that of the uncoated one(41.45 mΩcm^(2)).

关键词： Area specific resistance Oxidation Fuel cell Composite coating

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Stratigraphy of the Alveolina elliptica group from the Middle Eocene of Iran:Calibration with calcareous nannofossils biozones and description of Alveolina ozcani n. sp.

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 54-79页

作者： Mehdi hadi Lorenzo Consorti Ali Bahrami Mohammad Parandavar Saeed Khorramdel Department of Geology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran Institute of Marine Sciences(ISMAR-CNR) Area Science ParkBasovizza34149 TriesteItaly National Iranian Oil Company Exploration DirectorateSheikh Bahaei SquareTehranIran Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran

Precise taxonomy and the chronostratigraphic calibration of the Middle Eocene Alveolina from Central Iran is here undertaken from the Chah-Talkh section of the southern Sabzevar region(Central Iran). We have identified Alveolina kieli, Alveolina stercusmuris and Alveolina nuttalli along with the new species Alveolina ozcani n. sp. that we include into the Alveolina elliptica group. We have also found Nummulites uroniensis, Nummulites obesus and Nummulites cf. verneuili and associated calcareous nannofossils that look reliable to make thoughtful correlations with the Shallow Benthic Zones(SBZ). The foraminiferal biostratigraphy suggests an assignment to the upper part of the lower Lutetian-lower part of the middle Lutetian,SBZ13(Middle Eocene), further strengthened through the identification of the calcareous nannofossil NP14b-NP15b or CNE8-CNE10 biozones, providing a solid correlation with the global stratigraphic standards.

关键词： Alveolina Calcareous nannofossil Central neo-tethys Central Iran Middle Eocene Biostratigraphy

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Failure characterization of fully grouted rock bolts under triaxial testing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 778-789页

作者： hadi Nourizadeh Ali Mirzaghorbanali Mehdi Serati Elamin Mutaz Kevin McDougall Naj Aziz Centre for Future Materials(CFM) School of EngineeringUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD4350Australia School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD4300Australia School of Civil Engineering University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia School of Surveying and Build Environment University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD4350Australia School of Civil Mining&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2500Australia

Confining stresses serve as a pivotal determinant in shaping the behavior of grouted rock bolts.Nonetheless,prior investigations have oversimplified the three-dimensional stress state,primarily assuming hydrostatic stress conditions.Under these conditions,it is assumed that the intermediate principal stress(σ_(2))equals the minimum principal stress(σ_(3)).This assumption overlooks the potential variations in magnitudes of in situ stress conditions along all three directions near an underground opening where a rock bolt is installed.In this study,a series of push tests was meticulously conducted under triaxial conditions.These tests involved applying non-uniform confining stresses(σ_(2)≠σ_(3))to cubic specimens,aiming to unveil the previously overlooked influence of intermediate principal stresses on the strength properties of rock bolts.The results show that as the confining stresses increase from zero to higher levels,the pre-failure behavior changes from linear to nonlinear forms,resulting in an increase in initial stiffness from 2.08 kN/mm to 32.51 kN/mm.The load-displacement curves further illuminate distinct post-failure behavior at elevated levels of confining stresses,characterized by enhanced stiffness.Notably,the peak load capacity ranged from 27.9 kN to 46.5 kN as confining stresses advanced from σ_(2)=σ_(3)=0 to σ_(2)=20 MPa and σ_(3)=10 MPa.Additionally,the outcomes highlight an influence of confining stress on the lateral deformation of samples.Lower levels of confinement prompt overall dilation in lateral deformation,while higher confinements maintain a state of shrinkage.Furthermore,diverse failure modes have been identified,intricately tied to the arrangement of confining stresses.Lower confinements tend to induce a splitting mode of failure,whereas higher loads bring about a shift towards a pure interfacial shear-off and shear-crushed failure mechanism.

关键词： Rock bolts Bolt-grout interface Bond strength Push test Triaxial tests

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Hydrogen Permeation Characteristics of Pd-CuMembrane in Plasma Membrane Reactor

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Energy Engineering 2024年第2期121卷 259-272页

作者： Muhd hadi Iskandar Abd Razak Motoki Tsuda YukioHayakawa Shinji Kambara Graduate School of Engineering Gifu UniversityGifu501-1193Japan

Hydrogen is an alternative energy source that has the potential to replace fossil fuels.One of the hydrogen applications is as a material for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells(PEMFC)in fuel cell vehicles.High-purity hydrogen can be obtained using a hydrogen separation membrane to prevent unwanted contaminants from potentially harming the PEMFC components.In this study,we fabricated a plasma membrane reactor and investigated the permeation performance of a hydrogen separation membrane in a plasma membrane reactor utilizing atmospheric pressure plasma.The result showed the hydrogen permeation rate increasing with time as reactor temperature is increased through joule heating.By decreasing the gap length of the reactor from 2 to 1 mm,the hydrogen permeation rate increases by up to 40%.The hydrogen permeation rate increases by 30%when pressure is applied to the plasma membrane reactor by up to 100 kPa.

关键词： Hydrogen energy hydrogen separation membrane atmospheric pressure plasma

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A contrasting analysis of CO_(2)and N_(2)foam flood for enhanced oil recovery and geological storage of CO_(2)

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Petroleum Research 2024年第1期9卷 55-60页

作者： Alireza Roozbahani Farshad Soofivan Ali Sagban Hassoon Al-Tameemi hadi Abdollahi Sogand Saatchi Abdolhamid Ansari Petroleum Engineering Department Faculty of Chemical EngineeringTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Shiraz UniversityShirazIran School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Shiraz BranchIslamic Azad UniversityShirazIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Science and Research BranchAzad UniversityTehranIran Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Rasht BranchIslamic Azad UniversityRashtIran Department of Petroleum Engineering Lamerd BranchIslamic Azad UniversityLamerdIran

Foam flooding using CO_(2)has emerged as a promising method for both enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and the storage of CO_(2)in geological reservoirs.This study conducts a thorough analysis of the behavior of CO_(2)and N_(2)foams in bulk and porous media,utilizing bubble-scale analyses and foam flooding experiments.The study compares the foamability and longevity of CO_(2)and N_(2)foams,with findings indicating that N_(2)foam bubbles tend to be smaller and less varied in size than CO_(2)foam bubbles,leading to increased foam stability.Additionally,the study compares the half-lives of CO_(2)and N_(2)foams generated through sparging and winding methods,showing that N_(2)foam has half-lives 22 and 10 times greater than CO_(2)foam when produced using the sparging and winding methods,respectively.Furthermore,CO_(2)foam generated through the sparging method had a lower foaming volume than N_(2)foam due to CO_(2)'s solubility.In the foam flooding experiments,N_(2)foam proved more effective in recovering oil from porous media than CO_(2)foam,thus demonstrating the effectiveness of the foam injection procedure.These results offer valuable insights into the differing performance of N_(2)and CO_(2)foam floods for EOR and CO_(2)geological storage.

关键词： CO_(2)storage Foam flood Enhanced oil recovery N_(2)foam CO_(2)foam

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Activated Carbon from Nipa Palm Fronds(Nypa fruticans)with H_(3)PO_(4) and KOH Activators as Fe Adsorbers

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第2期12卷 203-214页

作者： Ninis hadi Haryanti Eka Suarso Tetti N.Manik Suryajaya Nurlita Sari Darminto Physics Study Program FMIPAUniversitas Lambung MangkuratBanjarbaru70714Indonesia Department of Physics Institut Teknologi Sepuluh NopemberSurabaya60111Indonesia

Nipa palm is one of the non-wood plants rich in lignocellulosic content.In this study,palm fronds were converted into activated carbon,and their physical,chemical,and morphological properties were characterized.The resulting activated carbon was then applied as an adsorbent of Fe metal in peat water.The carbonization process was carried out for 60 min,followed by sintering at 400℃ for 5 h with a particle size of 200 mesh.KOH and H_(3)PO_(4) were used in the chemical activation process for 24 h.KOH-activated carbon contained 6.13%of moisture,4.55%of ash,17.02%of volatile matter,and 78.84%of fixed carbon,while its Fe reduction efficiency was 28.09%.The H_(3)PO_(4)-activated carbon contained 4.67%of moisture,2.84%of ash,16.41%of volatile matter,and 80.57%of bonded carbon,and the Fe reduction efficiency was 52.25%.KOH-activated carbon and H_(3)PO_(4)-activated carbon contained fixed carbon of 78.84%and 80.57%,respectively,while their average rates of efficiency of Fe reduction were 22.82%and 39.23%,respectively.Overall,the characteristics of activated nipa carbon met the Indonesian standards(SNI No.06-3730-1995).However,H_(3)PO_(4)-activated carbon was found to be better at adsorbing Fe metal from peat water.

关键词： Adsorption lignocellulosic reduction of Fe sintering volatile content

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Novel energy recovery from an integrated municipal solid waste and leachate treatment system

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 53-61页

作者： Siti Salwa Khamis hadi Purwanto Hamzah Mohd Salleh Alya Naili Rozhan Mohamed Abdur Rahman Mahammadsalman Warimani Noor Alam Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University MalaysiaJalan Gombak53100Kuala LumpurMalaysia Department of Engineering Management Universitas Internasional Semen IndonesiaGresikIndonesia Halalan Thayyiban Research Centre Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic UniversityBandar Seri BegawanBrunei Department of Mechanical Engineering P.A.College of EngineeringMangaloreKarnataka574153India Department of Mechanical Engineering Malaysia-Japan International Institute of TechnologyUniversity of Technology Malaysia54100Kuala LumpurMalaysia

Population growth,waste generation,and massive waste mismanagement have led to environmental catastrophe.Management of municipal solid waste(MSW)requires an efficient and sustainable integrated system.The integrated thermal processing of MSW is one of the best waste management techniques.In this study,energy analysis of MSW is carried out based on the material and energy balance of 2000 kg wet MSW,which contains 50%leachate.Once the leachate is removed,the dry MSW is sent for carbon content enhancement in carbonization to produce MSW-based char.Thereafter,the combustion of MSW-based char provided high heat and syngas to be used in a hydrothermal process for MSW leachate treatment.The result shows that the char fuel of MSW produces a sufficient amount of energy,13501.29 MJ(84.55%),in the form of synthetic gas by-product,which has a big potential as an energy source.The novelty of the proposed integrated thermal system is to produce 84.55%synthetic gas by-product,which is used for electricity production,cooking,food,and heat energy for industrial purposes.The proposed applications of this paper offer insightful information for policymaking regarding novel MSW techniques,which are economical,energy-efficient,and environmentally friendly.Thus,it increases the effectiveness of MSW utilization.

关键词： Energy Carbonization Hydrothermal Municipal solid waste Integrated system

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A novel approach to study generalized coupled cubic Schrödinger-Korteweg-de Vries equations

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2024年第1期9卷 13-24页

作者： Lanre Akinyemi P.Veeresha M.T.Darvishi hadi Rezazadeh Mehmet Senol Udoh Akpan Department of Mathematics Lafayette CollegeEastonPAUSA Department of Mathematics Christ Deemed to be UniversityBengaluru 560029India Department of Mathematics Razi UniversityKermanshah 67149Iran Faculty of Engineering Technology Amol University of Special Modern TechnologiesAmolIran Department of Mathematics Nev¸s ehir HacıBekta¸s Veli UniversityNev¸s ehirTurkey Drexel University Department of MathematicsPhiladelphiaPAUSA

The Kortewegde Vries(KdV)equation represents the propagation of long waves in dispersive media,whereas the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger(CNLS)equation depicts the dynamics of narrow-bandwidth wave packets consisting of short dispersive waves.A model that couples these two equations seems in-triguing for simulating the interaction of long and short waves,which is important in many domains of applied sciences and engineering,and such a system has been investigated in recent decades.This work uses a modified Sardar sub-equation procedure to secure the soliton-type solutions of the generalized cubic nonlinear Schrödinger-Korteweg-de Vries system of equations.For various selections of arbitrary parameters in these solutions,the dynamic properties of some acquired solutions are represented graph-ically and analyzed.In particular,the dynamics of the bright solitons,dark solitons,mixed bright-dark solitons,W-shaped solitons,M-shaped solitons,periodic waves,and other soliton-type solutions.Our re-sults demonstrated that the proposed technique is highly efficient and effective for the aforementioned problems,as well as other nonlinear problems that may arise in the fields of mathematical physics and engineering.

关键词： CNLS equation Modiﬁed Sardar sub-equation method KdV equation Solitons Long and short waves

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