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Assemblage-based biomonitoring of freshwater ecosystem health via multimetric indices:A critical review and suggestions for improving their applicability

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第3期1卷 28-42页

作者： Robert L.Vadas jr. Robert M.Hughes Yeon jae Bae Min jeong Baek Orestes Carlos Bello Gonzáles Marcos Callisto Débora ReisdeCarvalho Kai Chen Maria T.Ferreira Pablo Fierro jon S.Harding Dana M.Infante C.j.Kleynhans Diego R.Macedo Isabela Martins Norman Mercado Silva Nabor Moya susan j.nichols Paulo S.Pompeu Renata Ruaro Deborah R.O.Silva R.jan Stevenson Bianca de Freitas Terra Christa Thirion Douglas Ticiani Lizhu Wang Chris O.Yoder 2909 Boulevard Rd SEOlympiaWA98501-3971USA Amnis Opes Institute 2895 SE GlennCorvallisOR97333USA Department of Fisheries Wildlife&Conservation SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR97331USA Division of Environmental Science&Ecological Engineering Korea University145 Anam-roSeongbuk-guSeoul02841South Korea National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment42 Hwangyeong-roSeo-guIncheon22689South Korea Centro de Investigacion en Biodiversidad y Conservacion Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos1001Col.ChamilpaC.P62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico Departamento de Genética Ecologia e EvoluçaoInstituto de Ciências BiologicaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Ant^onio Carlos 6627CEP31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Departamento de Ecologia e Conservaçao Universidade Federal de Lavras37200-900LavrasMGBrazil State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utiliization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityHaikou570228China Forest Research Centre&Associate Laboratory TERRA University of LisbonTapada da Ajuda1349-017LisbonPortugal Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas Universidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile School of Biological Sciences University of CanterburyPrivate Bag 4800Christchurch8140New Zealand Department of Fisheries&Wildlife Michigan State University1405 South Harrison Road#318East LansingMI48823USA Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(retired) 8th Avenue 771Wonderboom South0084PretoriaSouth Africa Departamento de Geografia Instituto de GeociênciasUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisAvenida Antônio Carlos 6627CEP31270-901Belo HorizonteMGBrazil Instituto Guaicuy 109 Rua BrasopolisBelo HorizonteMG31150-170Brazil Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación Universidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosAvenida Universidad 1001Col.ChamilpaC.P.62209CuernavacaMorelosMexico Instituto Experimental de Biología Universidad San Francisco Xavier de ChuquisacaSucreBolivia Centre for Applied Water Science Un

Freshwater biota are more comprehensive and direct indicators of biological impacts,and more meaningful to the public than water quality or physical habitat *** biotic data and the multiple biological indicators developed from them offer a much richer array of data for assessing the impacts of pollution controls than a limited set of physical or chemical *** recent decades,assemblage-based assessments by ecologists,environmental scientists,and water quality agencies have been employed globally for determining the condition of,and threats to,freshwater ecosystems.A key step in this advance has been the development of multimetric indices(MMIs)or indices of biotic integrity(IBIs)based on quantitative assessments of algae,macrophyte,macroinvertebrate,fish or riparian bird *** Europe,where biological assemblages are mandated for assessing freshwater ecosystem health,many indices are ***,the proliferation of MMIs globally has not always occurred through the application of rigorous study designs and monitoring protocols,nor have they always effectively incorporated functional metrics,stressor assessments,and statistical ***,in this review,we discuss eleven major concerns with the development and application(including logistical limitations)of multimetric indicators based on freshwater biota to encourage more rigorous and widely applicable(transferable)MMI use and ***,our concerns focus on reference conditions;sampling effort,methods,and season;trophic guild definition;metric comprehensiveness,options,screening and scoring;and MMI *** could also benefit from increased attention to ecological mechanisms and metric development,to further improve our understanding of anthropogenic impacts as well as rehabilitation effects on freshwater ecosystems *** closer attention to study designs,ecological mechanisms and metric development should further improve our understa

关键词： IBI MMI Fish Macroinvertebrates Algae Streams Rivers Lakes Wetlands Biological monitoring

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On the use of residual dipolar couplings in multi-state structure calculation of two-domain proteins

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2022年第2期2卷 61-68,I0002页

作者： Alexandra Born Morkos A.Henen Parker j.nichols Beat Vogeli University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics12801 East 17th AvenueAuroraCO80045USA Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt

Residual dipolar couplings(RDCs)are powerful nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)probes for the structure calculation of ***,an alignment tensor that defines the orientation of the entire molecule relative to the magnetic field is determined either before refinement of individual bond vectors or simultaneously with this *** single-domain proteins this approach works well since all bond vectors can be described within the same coordinate frame,which is given by the alignment ***,novel approaches are sought after for systems where no universal alignment tensor can be ***,we present an approach that can be applied to two-domain proteins that enables the calculation of multiple states within each domain as well as with respect to the relative positions of the two domains.

关键词： RDC Residual dipolar coupling Two-domain protein Multi-state structure

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Contribution of national bioassessment approaches for assessing ecological water security： an AUSRIVAS case study

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2013年第5期7卷 669-687页

作者： susan j. nichols Fiona j. DYER Institute for Applied Ecology and MDBfutures CRN University of Canberra Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

River managers in Australia are managing in the face of extremes to provide security of water supply for people, production and the environment. Balancing the water requirements of people, environments and econo- mies requires that water security is viewed holistically, not just in terms of the water available for human consump- tion. Common definitions of water security focus on the needs of both humans and ecosystems for purposes such as drinking, agriculture and industrial use, and to maintain ecological values. Information about achieving water security for the environment or ecological purposes can be a challenge to interpret because the watering require- ments of key ecological processes or assets are not well understood, and the links between ecological and human values are often not obvious to water users. Yet the concepts surrounding river health are inherently linked to holistic concepts of water security. The measurement of aquatic biota provides a valuable tool for managers to understand progress toward achieving ecological water security objectives. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the reference condition approach to river health assessment, using the development of the Australian River Assessment System （AUSRIVAS） as a case study. We make the link between the biological assessment of river health and assessment of ecological water security, and suggest that such an approach provides a way of reporting that is relevant to the contribution made by ecosystems to water security. The reference condition approach, which is the condition representative of minimally disturbed sites organized by selected physical, chemical, and biological characteristics, is most important for assessing ecological water security objectives.

关键词： ecological water security biological assessment river health

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镜片护理液的选择

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养生大世界（B版） 2009年第12期 21-25页

作者： jason j.nichols 俄亥俄州立大学视光学院

角膜接触镜护理液最重要的功能是对镜片进行清洁和消毒，以及潜在的提高镜片配戴的舒适度。泪液中含有大量的蛋白和脂质，这些物质经常沉积在镜片上。在镜片配戴之后通过清洁去除镜片的沉积物的量随着镜片材料和所使用的角膜接触镜护理... 详细信息

角膜接触镜护理液最重要的功能是对镜片进行清洁和消毒，以及潜在的提高镜片配戴的舒适度。泪液中含有大量的蛋白和脂质，这些物质经常沉积在镜片上。在镜片配戴之后通过清洁去除镜片的沉积物的量随着镜片材料和所使用的角膜接触镜护理液的不同而不同。这篇文章回顾了不同的角膜接触镜护理液对泪液和镜片自身的影响，同时还回顾了多功能护理液和过氧化氢护理液对镜片清洁和消毒的效能，阐述了护理液过敏反应和其他与角膜接触镜相关的非感染性的并发症。（AdvStudOphthalmol．2008；5（3）：76—78）。角膜接触镜护理液最主要的功能是清洁镜片，去除镜片上沉积的来自泪液中的蛋白和脂质；对镜片进行消毒以及尽可能提高角膜接触配戴的舒适度。以上的3项功能互相作用，因为干净的镜片配戴起来更加舒适，同时被微生物污染的可能性更低。

关键词：多功能护理液镜片材料角膜接触镜微生物污染舒适度沉积物过氧化氢非感染性

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Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： jessica MITCHELL Michael A. CANT Emma I.K. VITIKAINEN Hazel j. nichols School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

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Robust Adaptive Model Tracking for Distributed Parameter Control of Linear Infinite-dimensional Systems in Hilbert Space

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IEEE/CAA journal of Automatica Sinica 2014年第3期1卷 294-301页

作者： Mark j.Balas susan A.Frost the Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University the NASA Ames Research Center

This paper is focused on adaptively controlling a linear infinite-dimensional system to track a finite-dimensional reference *** a linear continuous-time infinite-dimensional plant on a Hilbert space with disturbances of known waveform but unknown amplitude and phase,we show that there exists a stabilizing direct model reference adaptive control law with the properties of certain disturbance rejection and *** plant is described by a closed,densely defined linear operator that generates a continuous semigroup of bounded operators on the Hilbert space of *** central result will show that all errors will converge to a prescribed neighborhood of zero in an infinitedimensional Hilbert *** result will not require the use of the standard Barbalat’s lemma which requires certain signals to be uniformly *** result is used to determine conditions under which a linear infinite-dimensional system can be directly adaptively controlled to follow a reference *** particular,we examine conditions for a set of ideal trajectories to exist for the tracking *** results are applied to adaptive control of general linear diffusion systems described by self-adjoint operators with compact resolvent.

关键词： Adaptation models Adaptive control Hilbert space Learning (artificial intelligence) Robustness Trajectory adaptive control algorithm adaptive theory distributed parameter system Distributed parameter systems Hilbert space trajectory Adaptation models reference model adaptive control Robustness Computer algorithms

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金属配位中心对单分子电导性质的影响

金属配位中心对单分子电导性质的影响

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中国化学会第30届学术年会

作者：张伟 Richard j.nichols 牛利中国科学院长春应用化学研究所利物浦大学

在过去的15年里,基于机械控制的劈裂技术以及扫描探针技术如扫描隧道显微镜(STM),导电原子力显微镜(c-AFM)来测试桥连两个金属电极间的单个有机分子的电导性质能力的逐步提高大大促进了分子电子学领域的发展。电荷转移机制,长距离的低... 详细信息

在过去的15年里,基于机械控制的劈裂技术以及扫描探针技术如扫描隧道显微镜(STM),导电原子力显微镜(c-AFM)来测试桥连两个金属电极间的单个有机分子的电导性质能力的逐步提高大大促进了分子电子学领域的发展。电荷转移机制,长距离的低衰减指数分子线,电导开关以及单分子晶体管效应一直是分子电子学领域研究的主题。随着分子电子学理论知识的进展,化学复杂度较高的分子也可以开展研究。基于环境对分子线电导性的影响前期工作基础,我们开展了金属配位中心(Fe,Co)对三联吡啶分子线电导性质的影响。结果证实Co为中心桥连的分子电导值比Fe为配位中心桥连的分子电导值大。

关键词： STM 单分子电导电荷转移

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A New Foraminiferal Bioindicator for Long-Term Heat Stress on Coral Reefs

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journal of Earth Science 2022年第6期33卷 1451-1459页

作者： Alexander F.Humphreys Sam j.Purkis Chuyan Wan Matthew Aldrich Sarah nichols jazmin Garza Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Department of Marine GeosciencesUniversity of MiamiMiamiFL33149USA Khaled bin Sultan Living Oceans Foundation AnnapolisMD21403USA Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL60208USA

Coral reefs are in terminal *** conservation to be effective,naturally depauperate reefs must be distinguished from those recently degraded by *** reef monitoring is time consuming and lacks the longevity to make this *** in using foraminifera as bioindicators for reef health has hitherto levered their response to *** ocean heat waves are the dominant driver of coral bleaching and death,there is compelling motivation to develop new foraminiferal bioindicators that inform on temperature stress over meaningful *** study focuses on identifying which foraminifera respond systematically to the temperature stress that kills *** models were used to compare endosymbiont-bearing foraminiferal families,collected along a heat-stress gradient spanning the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia,to live coral cover at the same *** indicate that Amphisteginidae foraminifera and coral cover show a significant decline in abundance as heat stress increases along the transect ***,ocean productivity and salinity,both recognized environmental influences on foraminifera,are shown to be subordinate to temperature in their sway of this ecological *** findings indicate the potential for using foraminifera to develop new indices capable of quantifying long-term thermal impacts on reefs.

关键词： foraminifera bioindicator corals bleaching degree heating week FoRAM Index

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TIC-Tox: A preliminary discussion on identifying the forcing agents of DBP-mediated toxicity of disinfected water

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 208-216页

作者： Michael j.Plewa Elizabeth D.Wagner susan D.Richardson Safe Global Water Institute and the Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina

The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）. Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the *** a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.

关键词： DBPs CHO cell cytotoxicity Toxicity Additivity

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Cell Wall Microstructure Analysis Implicates Hemicellulose Polysaccharides in Cell Adhesion in Tomato Fruit Pericarp Parenchyma

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 910-921页

作者： jose j. Ordaz-Ortiz susan E. Marcus j. Paul Knox Centre for Plant Sciences Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom

Methods developed to isolate intact cells from both unripe and ripe tomato fruit pericarp parenchyma have allowed the cell biological analysis of polysaccharide epitopes at the surface of separated cells. The LM7 pectic homogalacturonan epitope is a marker of the junctions of adhesion planes and intercellular spaces in parenchyma systems. The LM7 epitope persistently marked the former edge of adhesion planes at the surface of cells separated from unripe and ripened tomato fruit and also from fruits with the Cnr mutation. The LM 11 xylan epitope was associated, in sections, with cell walls lining intercellular space but the epitope was not detected at the surface of isolated cells, being lost during cell isolation. The LM15 xyloglucan epitope was present at the surface of cells isolated from unripe fruit in a pattern reflecting the former edge of cell adhesion planes/intercellular space but with gaps and apparent breaks. An equivalent pattern of LM15 epitope occurrence was revealed at the surface of cells isolated by pectate lyase action but was not present in cells isolated from ripe fruit or from Cnr fruit. In contrast to wild-type cells, the LM5 galactan and LM21 mannan epitopes occurred predominantly in positions reflecting intercellular space in Cnr, suggesting a concerted alteration in cell wall microstructure in response to this mutation. Galactanase and mannanase, along with pectic homogalacturonan-degrading enzymes, were capable of releasing cells from unripe fruit parenchyma. These observations indicate that hemicellulose polymers are present in architectural contexts reflecting cell adhesion and that several cell wall polysaccharide classes are likely to contribute to cell adhesion/cell separation in tomato fruit pericarp parenchyma.

关键词： Cell walls fruit development tomato cell adhesion cell separation polysaccharide.

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