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Molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between Malus and Pyrus

Horticulture Research 2023年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Giulia Pasqualetto Luisa Palmieri Stefan Martens Vincent G.M.Bus David Chagné Claudia Wiedow Mickael A.Malnoy susan e.gardiner Research and Innovation Centre Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUD 33100Italy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(PFR) Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock North 4442New Zealand PFR Fitzherbert Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand

Apple(Malus)and pear(Pyrus)are economically important fruit crops well known for their unique textures,f lavours,and nutritional *** genera are characterised by a distinct pattern of secondary metabolites,which directly affect not only resistance to certain diseases,but also have significant impacts on the f lavour and nutritional value of the *** identical chromosome numbers,similar genome size,and their recent divergence date,together with DNA markers have shown that apple and pear genomes are highly *** study utilized comparative genomic approaches,including simple sequence repeats,high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism melting analysis,and single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis to identify genetic differences among hybrids of Malus and Pyrus,and F2 *** research has demonstrated and validated that these three marker types,along with metabolomics analysis are very powerful tools to detect and confirm hybridity of progeny derived from crosses between apple and pear in both cross ***,this work analysed the genus-specific metabolite patterns and the resistance to fire blight(erwinia amylovora)in *** findings of this work will enhance and accelerate the breeding of novel tree fruit crops that benefit producers and consumers,by enabling marker assisted selection of desired traits introgressed between pear and apple.

关键词： crops utilized breeding

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Validation of SNP markers for fruit quality and disease resistance loci in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) using the OpenArray® platform

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1348-1363页

作者： David Chagné Stijn Vanderzande Chris Kirk Natalie Profitt Rosemary Weskett susan e.gardiner Cameron P.Peace Richard K.Volz Nahla V.Bassil The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Ltd(Plant&Food Research) Palmerston North Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA Plant&Food Research Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock NorthNew Zealand USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm RepositoryCorvallisORUSA

Genome mapping has promised much to tree fruit breeding during the last 10 ***,one of the greatest challenges remaining to tree fruit geneticists is the translation of trait loci and whole genome sequences into diagnostic genetic markers that are efficient and cost-effective for use by breeders,who must select genetically optimal parents and subsequently select genetically superior individuals among their *** take this translational step,we designed the apple International RosBReeD SNP Consortium OpenArray v1.0(IRSCOA v1.0)assay using a set of 128 apple single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)linked to fruit quality and pest and disease resistance trait *** Thermo Fisher Scientific OpenArray®technology enables multiplexed screening of SNP markers using a real-time PCR instrument with fluorescent probe-based Taqman®*** validated the apple IRSCOA v1.0 multitrait assay by screening 240 phenotyped individuals from the Plant&Food Research apple cultivar breeding *** set of individuals comprised commercial and heritage cultivars,elite selections,and families segregating for traits of importance to *** total,33 SNP markers of the IRSCOA v1.0 were validated for use in marker-assisted selection(MAS)for the scab resistances Rvi2/Vh2,Rvi4/Vh4,Rvi6/Vf,fire blight resistance MR5/RLP1,powdery mildew resistance Pl2,fruit firmness,skin colour,flavour intensity,and *** availability of this set of validated trait-associated SNP markers,which can be used individually on multiple genotyping platforms available to various apple breeding programmes or re-designed using the flanking sequences,represents a large translational genetics step from genomics to crop improvement of apple.

关键词： Open resistance breeding

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Multiple quantitative trait loci contribute to resistance to bacterial canker incited by Pseudomonas syringae *** in kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis)

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 471-488页

作者： Jibran Tahir Stephen Hoyte Heather Bassett Cyril Brendolise Abhishek Chatterjee Kerry Templeton Cecilia Deng Ross Crowhurst Mirco Montefiori ed Morgan Andrew Wotton Keith Funnell Claudia Wiedow Mareike Knaebel Duncan Hedderley Joel Vanneste John McCallum Kirsten Hoeata Amardeep Nath David Chagné Luis Gea susan e.gardiner The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 11030Manawatu Mail CentrePalmerston North 4442New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant Food Research Limited HamiltonNew Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited Private Bag 92–169Auckland 1025New Zealand New Plant via Malpighi 5Forlì47122Italy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited LincolnNew Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited 412 No 1 RoadRD2Te Puke 3182New Zealand

Pseudomonas syringae ***(Psa)biovar 3,a virulent,canker-inducing pathogen is an economic threat to the kiwifruit(Actinidia spp.)industry *** commercially grown diploid(2×)*** *** is more susceptible to Psa than tetraploid and hexaploid *** information on the genetic loci modulating Psa resistance in kiwifruit is not *** we report mapping of quantitative trait loci(QTLs)regulating resistance to Psa in a diploid kiwifruit population,derived from a cross between an elite Psa-susceptible‘Hort16A’and a resistant male breeding parent *** high-density genetic maps and intensive phenotyping,we identified a single QTL for Psa resistance on Linkage Group(LG)27 of‘Hort16A’revealing 16–19%phenotypic variance and candidate alleles for susceptibility and resistance at this *** addition,six minor QTLs were identified in P1 on distinct LGs,exerting 4–9%*** in the F1 population is improved by additive effects from‘Hort16A’and P1 QTLs providing evidence that divergent genetic pathways interact to combat the virulent Psa *** different bioassays further identified new QTLs for tissue-specific responses to *** genetic marker at LG27 QTL was further verified for association with Psa resistance in diploid Actinidia chinensis *** analysis of Psa-resistant and susceptible genotypes in field revealed hallmarks of basal defense and provided candidate RNA-biomarkers for screening for Psa resistance in greenhouse conditions.

关键词： breeding trait

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Apple whole genome sequences:recent advances and new prospects

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 1247-1270页

作者： Cameron P.Peace Luca Bianco Michela Troggio eric van de Weg Nicholas P.Howard Amandine Cornille Charles-eric Durel Sean Myles ZoëMigicovsky Robert J.Schaffer evelyne Costes Gennaro Fazio Hisayo Yamane Steve van Nocker Chris Gottschalk Fabrizio Costa David Chagné Xinzhong Zhang Andrea Patocchi susan e.gardiner Craig Hardner Satish Kumar Francois Laurens etienne Bucher Dorrie Main Sook Jung Stijn Vanderzande Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA Computational Biology Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Fondazione Edmund MachSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen 6708PBThe Netherlands Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften Carl von Ossietzky Universität26129 OldenburgGermany GQe-Le Moulon Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueUniversity of Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversitéParis-Saclay91190 Gif-sur-YvetteFrance Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et SemencesUMR 134549071 BeaucouzéFrance Department of Plant Food and Environmental SciencesFaculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroNS B2N 5E3Canada The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd Motueka 7198New Zealand School of Biological Sciences University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand AGAP INRACIRADMontpellier SupAgroUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Plant Genetic Resources Unit USDA ARSGenevaNY 14456USA Laboratory of Pomology Graduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto 606-8502Japan Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(Plant&Food Research) Palmerston North Research CentrePalmerston North 4474New Zealand College of Horticulture China Agricultural University100193 BeijingChina Agroscope 8820 WädenswilSwitzerland Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia New Cultivar Innovation Plant and Food ResearchHavelock North 4130New Zealand Agroscope 1260 ChanginsSwitzerland

In 2010,a major scientific milestone was achieved for tree fruit crops:publication of the first draft whole genome sequence(WGS)for apple(Malus domestica).This WGS,v1.0,was valuable as the initial reference for sequence information,fine mapping,gene discovery,variant discovery,and tool development.A new,high quality apple WGS,GDDH13 v1.1,was released in 2017 and now serves as the reference genome for *** the past decade,these apple WGSs have had an enormous impact on our understanding of apple biological functioning,trait physiology and inheritance,leading to practical applications for improving this highly valued *** gene identities for phenotypes of fundamental and practical interest can today be discovered much more ***-wide polymorphisms at high genetic resolution are screened efficiently over hundreds to thousands of individuals with new insights into genetic relationships and ***-density genetic maps are constructed efficiently and quantitative trait loci for valuable traits are readily associated with positional candidate genes and/or converted into diagnostic tests for *** understand the species,geographical,and genomic origins of domesticated apple more precisely,as well as its relationship to wild *** WGS has turbo-charged application of these classical research steps to crop improvement and drives innovative methods to achieve more durable,environmentally sound,productive,and consumer-desirable apple *** review includes examples of basic and practical breakthroughs and challenges in using the apple *** for“what’s next”focus on necessary upgrades to the genome sequence data pool,as well as for use of the data,to reach new frontiers in genomics-based scientific understanding of apple.

关键词： breakthrough hundreds frontier

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fRAP 2.0:a community engagement method applied to cervical cancer disparities among Hispanic women

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第S2期12卷 44-57页

作者： Autumn M Kieber-emmons susan e Hansen Michael Topmiller Jaskaran Grewal Carlos Roberto Jaen Benjamin F Crabtree William L Miller Department of Family Medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA College of Medicine USFTampaFloridaUSA Lehigh Valley Health Network AllentownPennsylvaniaUSA American Academy of Family Physicians-Health Landscape CincinattiOHUSA Lafayette College EastonPennsylvaniaUSA UT Health San Antonio San AntonioTexasUSA Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School PiscatawayNew JerseyUSA Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNew JerseyUSA

focused Rapid Assessment Process(fRAP)2.0 is a community engagement approach combining geospatial mapping with rapid qualitative assessment in cyclical fashion within communities to capture multifactorial and multilevel features impacting primary care *** 2.0 offers primary care researchers a methodology framework for exploring complex community features that impact primary healthcare delivery and *** fRAP 2.0 study design expands the fRAP from a sequential design to a cyclical process of geospatial mapping and rapid qualitative assessment in search of modifiable contextual *** participants are stakeholders from various socioecological levels whose perspectives inform study outcomes that they may use to then become the agents of change for the very problems they helped ***,we present a proof-of-concept study for fRAP 2.0 examining disparities in cervical cancer mortality rates among Hispanic women in *** primary outcomes of interest are features at the community level,medical health system level and regional government policy levels that offer opportunities for collaborative interventions to improve cervical cancer *** this study,geospatial mapping of county and ZIP code-level variables impacting postdiagnosis cervical cancer care at community,medical and policy levels were created using publicly available data and then overlaid with maps created with Texas Cancer Registry data for cervical cancer cases in three of the largest population *** disparate areas were then qualitatively explored using participant observation and ethnographic field work,alongside 39 key informant *** discussion groups and stakeholder engagement existed at every phase of the *** the fRAP 2.0 method,we created an action-oriented roadmap of next steps to improve cervical cancer care disparities in the three Texas counties with emphasis on the high disparity *** identified local change

关键词： cervical qualitative policy

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Adenovirus F40/41 Gastroenteritis-Associated emphysematous Gastritis:A Case Report

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第2期4卷 93-95页

作者： Maulik K.Lathiya Abigail T.La Nou Maria e.Linnaus susan M.Cullinan emergency Department Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire 54703WIUSA Critical Care Medicine Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire 54703WIUSA General Surgery Department Mayo Clinic Health SystemEau Claire 54703WIUSA

emphysematous gastritis(eG)is a rare form of gastritis characterized by gastric wall *** is associated with a high mortality *** case report describes a patient with a history of atrial fibrillation treated with apixaban,prior stroke,and schizoaffective disorder who showed epigastric tenderness on ***,no peritonitis signs were recorded,and laboratory values revealed high lactate levels and the presence of adenovirus F40/*** computed tomography scan showed extensive portal venous gas in the left hepatic lobe of the liver,as well as pneumatosis involving the entire stomach,indicating *** diagnosis was histologically confirmed and initially managed medically,which proved inefficacious,necessitating surgical intervention in the form of a laparotomy and esophagojejunostomy with Roux-en-Y *** case report suggests a potential association between eG and adenovirus F40/41–induced gastroenteritis,thereby emphasizing the challenging nature of *** underscores the need for comprehensive research to enhance our understanding of its underlying causes and effective treatment strategies.

关键词： emphysema Gastritis Human adenovirus F40/41 Immunocompromised

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Association of age at diagnosis of diabetes with subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases and vision acuity

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第4期15卷 697-711页

作者： Si-Ting Ye Xian-Wen Shang Yu Huang susan Zhu Zhuo-Ting Zhu Xue-Li Zhang Wei Wang Shu-Lin Tang Zong-Yuan Ge Xiao-Hong Yang Ming-Guang He The Second Clinical College Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Ultrasound The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyGuangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina Austin Hospital University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510060Guangdong ProvinceChina Monash e-Research Center Faculty of EngineeringAirdoc ResearchNvidia AI Technology Research CenterMonash UniversityMelbourne 3080VictoriaAustralia Department of Ophthalmic epidemiology Centre for Eye Research AustraliaMelbourne 3002VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND The importance of age on the development of ocular conditions has been reported by numerous *** may have different associations with different stages of ocular conditions,and the duration of diabetes may affect the development of diabetic eye *** there is a dose-response relationship between the age at diagnosis of diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality,whether the age at diagnosis of diabetes is associated with incident ocular conditions remains to be *** is unclear which types of diabetes are more predictive of ocular *** To examine associations between the age of diabetes diagnosis and the incidence of cataract,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration(AMD),and vision *** Our analysis was using the UK *** cohort included 8709 diabetic participants and 17418 controls for ocular condition analysis,and 6689 diabetic participants and 13378 controls for vision *** diseases were identified using inpatient records until January *** acuity was assessed using a *** During a median follow-up of 11.0 years,3874,665,and 616 new cases of cataract,glaucoma,and AMD,respectively,were identified.A stronger association between diabetes and incident ocular conditions was observed where diabetes was diagnosed at a younger *** with type 2 diabetes(T2D)diagnosed atears[HR(95%CI):2.71(1.49-4.93)],45-49 years[2.57(1.17-5.65)],50-54 years[1.85(1.13-3.04)],or 50-59 years of age[1.53(1.00-2.34)]had a higher risk of AMD independent of glycated haemoglobin.T2D diagnosedears[HR(95%CI):2.18(1.71-2.79)],45-49 years[1.54(1.19-2.01)],50-54 years[1.60(1.31-1.96)],or 55-59 years of age[1.21(1.02-1.43)]was associated with an increased cataract risk.T2D diagnosedears of age only was associated with an increased risk of glaucoma[HR(95%CI):1.76(1.00-3.12)].HRs(95%CIs)for AMD,cataract,and glaucoma associated with type 1 diabetes(T1D)were 4.12(1.99-8.53),

关键词： Diabetes Age at diagnosis Cataract Glaucoma Age-related macular disease Vision acuity

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Breeding better cultivars,faster:applications of new technologies for the rapid deployment of superior horticultural tree crops

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 198-205页

作者： Steve van Nocker susan e.gardiner Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824 The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited Plant and Food Research Palmerston North Private Bag 11030 Manawatu Mail Centre Palmerston North4442New Zealand

Woody perennial plants,including trees that produce fruits and nuts of horticultural value,typically have long breeding cycles,and development and introduction of improved cultivars by plant breeders may require many breeding cycles and dozens of ***,recent advances in biotechnologies and genomics have the potential to accelerate cultivar development greatly in all *** mini-review summarizes approaches to reduce the number and the duration of breeding cycles for horticultural tree crops,and outlines the challenges that remain to implement these into efficient breeding pipelines.

关键词： cultivar breeding crops

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The ecological consequences of temperament in spiders

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 589-596页

作者： Jonathan N.PRUITT susan e.RIeCHeRT Department of Biological Sciences University of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvania 15260USA Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996-1610USA

ecological and evolutionary studies on spiders have been featured prominently throughout the contemporary behavio- ral syndromes movement. Here we review the behavioral syndromes literature devoted to spiders, and identify some ways in which behavioral syndromes can impact the function of spiders in ecological communities. We further highlight three general themes within the behavioral syndromes literature for which spiders have served as front running model systems：（1） how trait correlations beget performance trade-offs, （2） the influence that behavioral trait variants have on interspecific interactions and （3） mechanisms that aid in maintaining behavioral variation within-and among-populations. Research on behavioral syndromes con-tinues to grow at an impressive rate, and we feel the success of behavioral syndromes studies in spiders bodes well for their con-tinued prominence.

关键词： Animal personality Behavioral type Behavioral syndrome Social insects Social spider

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The Japanese ladybirds, Coccinula crotchi and Coccinula sinensis, are infected with very closely related strains of male-killing Flavobacterium

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 699-706页

作者： Sherif elnagdy susan Messing Michael e. N. Majerus Department of Genetics University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EH UK Botany Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt University of Rochester Rochester New York USA Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology University of Rochester Rochester New York USA

Male-killing is 1 of 4 known strategies that inherited parasitic endosymbionts have evolved to manipulate their host＇s reproduction. In early male-killing, infected male offspring are killed early in embryogenesis. Within the Insecta, male-killing bacteria have been found in a wide range of hosts. The Coccinellidae families of beetles, better known as ladybirds, are particularly prone to male-killer invasion. In samples of the coccinellid, Coc- cinula crotchi, from Japan, a new male-killing bacterium was revealed by phenotypic assay. Molecular genetic analysis revealed the identity to be a tetracycline-sensitive Flavobac- terium that causes female-biased offspring sex ratio. Furthermore, that Flavobacterium strain was found to be closely related to the Flavobacterium causing male-killing in the congeneric Japanese coccinellid, Coccinula sinensis, which was collected from the same region. However, we found slightly different Flavobacterium strains infecting C. sinen- sis from regions with different environmental conditions. This may be an indication of horizontal transmission of male-killing Flavobacterium between these 2 ladybird spices. Finally, environmental conditions may affect the spread of male-killing bacteria among their hosts.

关键词： Coccinula crotchi Coccinula sinensis endosymbionts Flavobacterium inherited bacteria male-killing sex ratio distorter

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