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Testosterone deficiency：a historical perspective

Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第2期16卷 161-168,I0006页

作者： Eberhard Nieschlag susan Nieschlag Center of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology University Hospital of M(Jnster MOnster Germany Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia.

The biological effects of the testes and testosterone are known since antiquity. Aristotle knew the effects of castration and his hypothesis on fertilization is one of the first scientific encounters in reproductive biology. Over centuries, castration has been performed as punishment and to produce obedient slaves, but also to preserve the soprano voices of prepubertal boys. The Chinese imperial （and other oriental） courts employed castrates as overseers in harems who often obtained high-ranking political positions. The era of testis transplantation and organotherapy was initiated by John Hunter in London who transplanted testes into capons in 1786. The intention of his experiments was to prove the ＇vital principle＇ as the basis for modern transplantation medicine, but Hunter did not consider endocrine aspects. Arnold Adolph Berthold postulated internal secretion from his testicular transplantation experiments in 1849 in Gottingen and is thus considered the father of endocrinology. Following his observations, testicular preparations were used for therapy, popularized by self-experiments by Charles-Edouard Brown-Sequard in Paris （1889）, which can at best have placebo effects. In the 1920s Sergio Voronoff transplanted testes from animals to men, but their effectiveness was disproved. Today testicular transplantation is being refined by stem cell research and germ cell transplantation. Modern androgen therapy started in 1935 when Enrest Lacquer isolated testosterone from bull testes in Amsterdam. In the same year testosterone was chemically synthesized independently by Adolf Butenandt in G6ttingen and Leopold Ruzicka in Basel. Since testosterone was ineffective orally it was either compressed into subcutaneous pellets or was used orally as 17α-methyl testosterone, now obsolete because of liver toxicity. The early phases of testosterone treatment coincide with the first description of the most prominent syndromes of hypogonadism by Klinefelter, by Kallmann, DelCastillo

关键词： castration testosteron testosterone deficiency

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The significance of N‑carbamoylglutamate in ruminant production

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 1798-1814页

作者： susan A.McCoard David Pacheco AgResearch Limited Grasslands Research CentreTennent DrivePrivate Bag 11008Palmerston North 4442New Zealand

Improving the efficiency and production of grazing ruminants to support food and fiber production,while reducing the environmental footprint and meeting the welfare needs of the animals,is important for sustainable livestock production *** of new technologies that can improve the efficiency of nitrogen(N)utilization in ruminants,and that are effective and safe,has important implications for ruminant livestock production.N-carbomoylglutamate(NCG)is a functional micronutrient that stimulates endogenous synthesis of arginine,which can improve survival,growth,lactation,reproductive performance,and feed efficiency in *** is a growing body of evidence to support the potential of dietary NCG supplementation to improve the productive capacity and N utilization efficiency of *** review summarizes the current literature on the effects of dietary supplementation with NCG in ruminants and impacts on production and potential to reduce the environmental footprint of farmed ruminant *** current literature highlights the potential for commercial application in ruminant livestock to improve productivity and N utilization efficiency.

关键词： Dairy Environment Fetal growth and development Lactation N-carbamoylglutamate Nitrogen Red meat Reproduction

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自然灾害的隐形杀手

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环球科学 2024年第12期 34-35页

作者：苏珊·基弗郑洁非(译) 不详

龙卷风空中的疾病龙卷风的致命袭击主要是强风卷起物体击中人体,造成钝力创伤致死。但这些飞来之物也会携带传染病。2011年,一个直径1.1千米的龙卷风侵袭了密苏里州乔普林市。这场龙卷风强度达到EF5级(龙卷风强度的最高级别),风速超过... 详细信息

龙卷风空中的疾病龙卷风的致命袭击主要是强风卷起物体击中人体,造成钝力创伤致死。但这些飞来之物也会携带传染病。2011年,一个直径1.1千米的龙卷风侵袭了密苏里州乔普林市。这场龙卷风强度达到EF5级(龙卷风强度的最高级别),风速超过每小时318.65千米,造成158人死亡、逾千人受伤。此外还有十余人因皮肤接触了狂风卷起的土壤而感染毛霉菌病。

关键词：龙卷风密苏里州隐形杀手自然灾害强风传染病风速

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A new technique helps to uncover unknown peptides and disinfection by-products in water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 6-8页

作者： susan D.Richardson Cristina Postigo Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Department of Environmental Chemistry Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research-Spanish National Research Council(IDAEA-CSIC)

Environmental water samples can be extremely complex,with potentially thousands of molecules that can derive from natural organic matter（NOM）and thousands that derive from anthropogenic *** complex as these samples are,drinking water can be even more *** to disinfectants that are used to treat drinking water（e.g.,chlorine,chloramines,

关键词： Disinfection by-products(DBPs) Drinking water Halogenated peptides Liquid chromatography Natural organic matter(NOM) Non-targeted analysis Tandem mass spectrometry Water contaminants

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Integrative genomic and transcriptomic profiling of pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma identifies molecular subtypes associated with distinct immune features and clinical outcomes

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Cancer Innovation 2024年第3期3卷 81-94页

作者： Sahil Seth Runzhe Chen Yang Liu Junya Fujimoto Lingzhi Hong Alexandre Reuben susan Varghese Carmen Behrens Tina McDowell Luisa Solis Soto Cara Haymaker Annikka Weissferdt Neda Kalhor Jia Wu Xiuning Le Natalie I Vokes Chao Cheng John V.Heymach Don L.Gibbons P.Andrew Futreal Ignacio IWistuba Humam Kadara Jianhua Zhang Cesar Moran Jianjun Zhang Department of Genomic Medicine The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA TRACTION The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson and the University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Epidemiology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Imaging Physics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA Department of Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA

Background:Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma(PSC)is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),characterized by the presence of epithelial and sarcoma-like *** molecular and immune landscape of PSC has not been well ***:Multiomics profiling of 21 pairs of PSCs with matched normal lung tissues was performed through targeted high-depth DNA panel,whole-exome,and RNA *** describe molecular and immune features that define subgroups of PSC with disparate genomic and immunogenic features as well as distinct clinical ***:In total,27 canonical cancer gene mutations were identified,with TP53 the most frequently mutated gene,followed by ***,most TP53 and KRAS mutations were earlier genomic events mapped to the trunks of the tumors,suggesting branching evolution in most PSC *** identified two distinct molecular subtypes of PSC,driven primarily by immune infiltration and *** Immune High(IM-H)subtype was associated with superior survival,highlighting the impact of immune infiltration on the biological and clinical features of localized ***:We provided detailed insight into the mutational landscape of PSC and identified two molecular subtypes associated with ***-H tumors were associated with favorable recurrence-free survival and overall survival,highlighting the importance of tumor immune infiltration in the biological and clinical features of PSCs.

关键词： genomic immune pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma survival

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Close up observation and inversion of low-altitude ENA emissions during a substorm event

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第6期62卷 1024-1032页

作者： Li LU susan MCKENNA-LAWLOR Jan BALAZ National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Space Technology Ireland Ltd. Maynooth Co.Kildare Institute of Experimental Physics

During a series of substorm events on November 12 2004, the Neutral Atom Detector Unit(NUADU) flying onboard the TC-2 spacecraft observed, close to perigee, bright low-altitude Energetic Neutral Atom(ENA) emissions from both north and south poles. Through utilizing high temporal and spatial resolution data inversion techniques we present here a global view the associated processes of energetic ion deposition and injection at the uniquely high temporal resolution of a few minutes. It is demonstrated that the ENA emissions observed came mainly from the, low-altitude, high magnetic latitude polar region. Since precipitating ions follow magnetic field lines and have more chance to produce ENA emissions through charge exchange ***, the employment of a low-orbit satellite to record at high temporal and spatial resolution ENA image data is inferred to be the best way to monitor those dynamic ring current variations that occur during geomagnetic activity.

关键词： Low-altitude ENA emissions ENA image inversion Pitch angle distribution Ion injection Ion deposition

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Do DBPs swim in salt water pools? Comparison of 60 DBPs formed by electrochemically generated chlorine vs. conventional chlorine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第7期34卷 232-241页

作者： Caroline O.Granger susan D.Richardson Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina631 Sumter St.ColumbiaSC 29208USA

Disinfectants are added to swimming pools to kill harmful pathogens. Although liquid chlorine(sodium hypochlorite) is the most commonly used disinfectant, alternative disinfection techniques like electrochemically generated mixed oxidants or electrochemically generated chlorine, often referred to as salt water pools, are growing in popularity. However, these disinfectants react with natural organic matter and anthropogenic contaminants introduced to the pool water by swimmers to form disinfection byproducts(DBPs). DBPs have been linked to several adverse health effects, such as bladder cancer, adverse birth outcomes, and asthma. In this study, we quantified 60 DBPs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and assessed the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of an indoor community swimming pool before and after switching to a salt water pool with electrochemically generated chlorine. Interestingly, the total DBPs increased by 15% upon implementation of the salt water pool, but the calculated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity decreased by 45% and 15%, respectively. Predominant DBP classes formed were haloacetic acids, with trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid contributing 57% of the average total DBPs formed. Haloacetonitriles, haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes were the primary drivers of calculated cytotoxicity, and haloacetic acids were the primary driver of calculated genotoxicity. Diiodoacetic acid, a highly toxic iodinated DBP, is reported for the first time in swimming pool water. Bromide impurities in sodium chloride used to electrochemically generate chlorine led to a 73% increase in brominated DBPs, primarily driven by bromochloroacetic acid. This study presents the most extensive DBP study to-date for salt water pools.

关键词： Disinfection byproducts Swimming pools Cytotoxicity Genotoxicity GC-MS

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A New Restarting Adaptive Trust-Region Method for Unconstrained Optimization

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2017年第4期5卷 487-507页

作者： Morteza Kimiaei susan Ghaderi Department of Mathematics Asadabad BranchIslamic Azad UniversityAsadabadIran Department of Mathematics Faculty of ScienceRazi UniversityKermanshahIran

In this paper,we present a new adaptive trust-region method for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization *** precisely,a trust-region radius based on a nonmonotone technique uses an approximation of Hessian which is adaptively *** produce a suitable trust-region radius;preserve the global convergence under classical assumptions to the first-order critical points;improve the practical performance of the new algorithm compared to other exiting ***,the quadratic convergence rate is established under suitable *** results on the CUTEst test collection of unconstrained problems are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm compared with some exiting methods.

关键词： Unconstrained optimization Trust-region methods Nonmonotone technique Adaptive radius Theoretical convergence

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Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery:Where are we going?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第35期16卷 4371-4373页

作者： susan H Whang Klaus Thaler Virginia Mason Medical Center Hudson Valley Hospital Center Cortlandt Manor

The foundation for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) is to access the peritoneal and other body cavities through the wall of the alimentary tract via natural orifices,with the goal of performing procedures within the peritoneum and other cavities,without the need to make incisions in the abdominal *** have made great progress in the field of NOTES since the publication of the White Paper in *** are still major fundamental goals as outlined by the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons/American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy joint committee that need to be evaluated and answered before NOTES is ready for widespread clinical *** include prevention of infection,instrument development,creation of a multitasking platform,and the ability to recognize and treat intraperitoneal complications such as hemorrhage and other physiological adverse *** response to this need,recent abstracts and papers have focused on the management of intraoperative *** next phase is to focus on controlled prospective multicenter clinical trials that compare defined NOTES procedure to standard *** goal is to produce reliable and convincing data for the United States Food and Drug Administration,insurance companies,the physician community and the general *** the present time,we still have many important milestones that still need to be *** investigators agree that a hybrid technique and not a pure NOTES practice should be advocated until devices can meet the current and new challenges in this f ield.

关键词： Natural orif ice transluminal endoscopic surgery Endoscopic surgery Gastrointestinal surgery Laparoscopy

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A Novel Integrated Learning Scheme for Predictive Diagnosis of Critical Care Patient

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第11期73卷 2333-2350页

作者： Sarika R.Khope susan Elias School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia Center for Advanced Data Science Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiTamil NaduIndia

Machine learning has proven to be one of the efficient solutions for analyzing complex data to perform identification and *** a large number of learning tools and techniques,the health section has significantly benefited from solving the diagnosis *** paper has reviewed some of the recent scientific implementations on learning-based schemes to find that existing studies of learning have mainly focused on predictive analysis with less emphasis on preprocessing and more inclination towards adopting sophisticated learning schemes that offer higher accuracy at the cost of the higher computational ***,the proposed method addresses the concern mentioned above by a novel computational learning model that emphasizes fine-tuning complex medical data and makes it suitable for learning to balance better classification performance and computational *** implementation is carried out using the MIMIC-III dataset,where the proposed system discretizes,the complete model using physician reports and furnished patient information as the first *** also prepares the data by choosing a specific tuple and its associated *** second step introduces a novel relatedness function where preprocessing is carried out using word quantization while adopting auto-encoders in deep learning followed by a novel learning-based *** outcome exhibits that the proposed system offers better classification performance in reduced processing time in comparison to existing learning schemes.

关键词： Machine Learning diagnosis accuracy computational complexity diagnosis deep learning classification prediction

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