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Progress towards dog-mediated rabies elimination in PR China:a scoping review

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 19-35页

作者： Tianren Shen susan christina welburn Long Sun Guo-Jing Yang Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education The School of Tropical MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalHainan Medical UniversityHaikou571199HainanPeople’s Republic of China Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Joint Institute Zhejiang UniversityInternational Campus718 East Haizhou RoadHaining314400People’s Republic of China Infection Medicine Deanery of Biomedical SciencesEdinburgh Medical SchoolCollege of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineThe University of Edinburgh1 George SquareEdinburghEH89JZScotlandUK Department of Infectious Diseases The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHainan Medical UniversityHaikouHainanPeople’s Republic of China

Background Rabies continues to be a serious threat to global public health endangering people’s health and public health *** the People’s Republic of China,multi-sectoral and comprehensive prevention and control strategies have aimed to extensively curb human rabies ***,we examine the current state of rabies infection in China,explore strategic interventions put in place in response to WHO’s ambition of“Zero rabies deaths by 2030”and critically assess the constraints and feasibility of dog-mediated rabies elimination in *** This study analyzed and evaluated the process towards dog-mediated rabies elimination in China from five perspectives:namely,human,dog,policy,challenge,and ***-based data on progress of dog-mediated rabies elimination in China was derived from a number of sources;a literature search was undertaken using PubMed,Web of Science and CNKI databases,distribution data for human rabies cases as derived from the Data-center of the China Public Health Science and policy and document data were obtained from official websites of the relevant China ministries and *** The incidence of human rabies cases in China have shown a downward trend year-on-year since *** of a government-led,multi-sectoral“One Health”approach to combating rabies has driven down the total number of rabies deaths nationwide to around 200 in *** number of provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)reporting human cases of rabies has also decreased to 21 in 2020,13 of which reported less than 10 ***,the number of outpatient visits seeking rabies post-exposure prophylaxis has risen dramatically over the past two decades,with demand being 15 times higher than it was *** remain however,significant gaps in rabies elimination outcomes across the different regions of *** date the target of achieving a canine rabies vaccination rate of>75%has not been *** challenges of rabies i

关键词： Rabies Lyssavirus China Elimination Dog Epidemics One Health Neglected Tropical Underreporting

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SARS-CoV-2 and Zoonotic Preparedness:Unknown Knowns?

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2021年第1期3卷 30-31页

作者： Aaron Trent Irving susan christina welburn Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh(ZJU-UoE)Institute Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang University International CampusHainingZhejiangChina Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine&Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina

Emerging infectious diseases(EIDs)with pandemic potential are a major threat to global health security and the global ***,preparedness,and response to EIDs within hotspots for EIDs is considered a global public *** December 2019,coronavirus disease 2019 came under the spotlight;caused by a novel single-stranded RNA coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The rapidity at which the virus spread worldwide has been remarkable and the global response to the pandemic *** rate of emergence of infectious diseases of zoonotic origin is *** new pathogens have emerged or reemerged over the past few decades,many of viral origin,of which 75%are considered to have originated in animals.1 Before SARSCoV-2,globally,around 1 billion zoonotic infections occurred in humans each year of which around 0.1%resulted in death.1 Prominent examples of EIDs include acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers,Escherichia coli O157 infection,Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS),and severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).

关键词： respiratory diseases acute

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The causal relationship between neurocysticercosis infection and the development of epilepsy-a systematic review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 261-273页

作者： Lucy B.Gripper susan C.welburn Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine Edinburgh Infectious DiseasesEdinburgh Medical School:Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghChancellor’s Building49 Little France CrescentEdinburgh EH164SBScotlandUK

Background:Neurocysticercosis(NCC)is a parasitic infection of the human central nervous system,the most common form of which involves infection of the brain parenchyma with the larval form of the Taenia solium tapeworm.A causal relationship between such an NCC infection and the development of epilepsy in infected individuals is acknowledged,in part supported by high levels of comorbidity in endemic countries ***:This study undertook a systematic review and critical analysis of the NCC-epilepsy relationship with the primary objective of quantifying the risk of developing epilepsy following NCC infection.A secondary aim was to analyse the proportions of NCC-associated epilepsy within different *** emphasis was placed on the importance of neuroimaging(CT or MRI)availability and use of clear guidelines for epilepsy diagnosis,in order to avoid overestimations of prevalence rates of either condition;a limitation identified in several previous ***:A common odds ratio of 2.76 was identified from meta-analysis of case-control studies,indicating that an individual infected with NCC has almost a three times higher risk of developing epilepsy than an uninfected ***,meta-analysis of studies identified a common proportion of 31.54%of epilepsy cases associated with NCC infection which suggests that amongst epileptic populations in at risk countries,approximately one-third may be associated with NCC ***:A significant finding was the lack of good clinical data to enable accurate determination of a causal *** studies that were included had noticeable limitations,including a general lack of consistency in diagnostics,and lack of accurate epidemiological *** review highlights a need for consistency in research in this *** the absence of reliable estimates of its global burden,NCC will remain of low priority in the eyes of funding agencies-a truly neglected disease.

关键词： epilepsy neglected enable

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Addressing vulnerability,building resilience:community-based adaptation to vectorborne diseases in the context of global change

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1485-1505页

作者： Kevin Louis Bardosh Sadie JRyan Kris Ebi susan welburn Burton Singer Department of Anthropology University of FloridaGainesvilleUSA Emerging Pathogens Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleUSA Department of Geography University of FloridaGainesvilleUSA Department of Global Health University of WashingtonSeattleUSA Centre of Infectious Disease University of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Background:The threat of a rapidly changing planet-of coupled social,environmental and climatic change-pose new conceptual and practical challenges in responding to vector-borne *** include non-linear and uncertain spatial-temporal change dynamics associated with climate,animals,land,water,food,settlement,conflict,ecology and human socio-cultural,economic and political-institutional *** date,research efforts have been dominated by disease modeling,which has provided limited practical advice to policymakers and practitioners in developing policies and programmes on the *** body:In this paper,we provide an alternative biosocial perspective grounded in social science insights,drawing upon concepts of vulnerability,resilience,participation and community-based *** analysis was informed by a realist review(provided in the Additional file 2)focused on seven major climate-sensitive vectorborne diseases:malaria,schistosomiasis,dengue,leishmaniasis,sleeping sickness,chagas disease,and rift valley ***,we situate our analysis of existing community-based interventions within the context of global change processes and the wider social science *** identify and discuss best practices and conceptual principles that should guide future community-based efforts to mitigate human vulnerability to vector-borne *** argue that more focused attention and investments are needed in meaningful public participation,appropriate technologies,the strengthening of health systems,sustainable development,wider institutional changes and attention to the social determinants of health,including the drivers of ***:In order to respond effectively to uncertain future scenarios for vector-borne disease in a changing world,more attention needs to be given to building resilient and equitable systems in the present.

关键词： Vector-borne disease Community participation Social science Adaptation Resilience Climate change Global change Global health

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Cultural drivers and health-seeking behaviours that impact on the transmission of pig-associated zoonoses in Lao People’s Democratic Republic

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 71-82页

作者： Stephanie Burniston Anna L Okello Boualam Khamlome Phouth Inthavong Jeffrey Gilbert Stuart D Blacksell John Allen susan C welburn Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine College of Medicine and VeterinaryMedicineUniversity of Edinburgh49 Little France CrescentEdinburgh EH164SBUK CSIRO Animal Food and Health Sciences Australian Animal Health Laboratory(AAHL)Regional Programme5 Portarlington RoadEast GeelongVictoria 3219Australia Department for Communicable Disease Control(DCDC) Ministry of HealthThadeua RoadVientianeLao PDR Department of Livestock and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and ForestryBan Sithan NuaLuang Prabang RoadSikhottabong DistrictVientiane 7042Lao PDR International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) Asia ProgrammeKabeteNaivasha RoadNairobi 30709-00100Kenya Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit Faculty of Tropical MedicineMahidol University420/6 Rajvithee Road10400 BangkokThailand Centre for Tropical Medicine Nuffield Department of Clinical MedicineChurchill HospitalOld RoadHeadingtonOxford OX37LJUK

Pig rearing is an important income source in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic(PDR),with many smallholder farmers using traditional free-range pig production *** the potentially significant health risks posed by pig production regarding pig-associated zoonoses,information on the sociocultural drivers of these zoonoses is significantly *** review summarises the existing sociocultural knowledge on eight pig-associated zoonoses suspected to be endemic in Southeast Asia:brucellosis,Q fever(Coxiella burnetii),trichinellosis,hepatitis E virus,leptospirosis,Japanese encephalitis,Streptococcus suis and Taenia solium *** summarises current knowledge on these diseases grouped according to their clinical manifestations in humans to highlight the propensity for underreporting.A literature search was conducted across multiple databases for publications from 1990 to the present day related to the eight pig-associated zoonoses and the risk and impact connected with them,with Lao PDR as a case *** of these pig-associated zoonoses have similar presentations and are often diagnosed as clinical *** and underreporting are,therefore,substantial and emphasise the need for more robust diagnostics and appropriate surveillance *** some reports exist in other countries in the region,information is significantly lacking in Lao PDR with existing information coming mainly from the capital,*** disease burden imposed by these zoonoses is not only characterised by morbidity and mortality,but directly impacts on livelihoods through income reduction and production losses,and indirectly through treatment costs and lost work *** factors crucial to understanding and controlling these diseases are the influence of ethnicity and culture on food-consumption practices,pig rearing and slaughter practices,hygiene and sanitation,health-seeking behaviours and,therefore,risk factors for disease transmiss

关键词： Sociocultural drivers Pig-associated zoonoses Clinical syndromes Health seeking behaviours Brucellosis Q-fever Trichinellosis Hepatitis E Leptospirosis Japanese encephalitis Streptococcus suis Taeniasis-cysticercosis

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Will Technology Rather Than Vaccination Be the Way to Control Pandemics?

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2020年第4期2卷 125-126页

作者： Sebastian Leptihn susan C.welburn Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh(ZJU-UoE)Institute Zhejiang UniversityInternational CampusHainingZhejiangChina Edinburgh Medical School Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine&Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom Department of Infectious Diseases Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina.

At policy level for the COVID-19 pandemic two main themes emerge,containment of infection(testing,tracing,and isolation)and *** pandemic has stimulated rapid development of vaccine candidates that are in various phases of clinical trials,some of which are advanced with regulatory approvals expected early in the new year.1,2 However,even with vaccination on the horizon there are multiple constraints to overcome before this pandemic will be consigned to *** enormous task of vaccine production and distribution,possibly involving repeated vaccinations and management of non-compliance within populations are a major challenge for 21st century Global Public Health policy.

关键词： approval vaccination overcome

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Knowledge, attitudes and practices with regard to the presence, transmission, impact, and control of cystic echinococcosis in Sidi Kacem Province, Morocco

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 399-410页

作者： Ikhlass El Berbri Marie J.Ducrotoy Anne-Françoise Petavy Ouaffa Fassifihri Alexra PShaw Mohammed Bouslikhane Franck Boue susan C.welburn Allal Dakkak Department of Pathology and Veterinary Public Health Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan IIBP:6202RabatMorocco Department of Parasitology and Medical Mycology Lyon 1 University8 Avenue Rochefeller69373 Lyon Cedex 08France Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghChancellor’s Building49 Little France CrescentEdinburgh EH164SBUnited Kingdom Avia-GIS Risschotlei 33B-2980 ZoerselBelgium ANSES Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de NancyLaboratoire national de référence pour Echinococcus spp54220 Malzéville cedexFrance

Background:This study is a component of a large research project on five major neglected zoonotic diseases(NZDs)including cystic echinococcosis and was undertaken in the Province of Sidi Kacem over a period of four years(April 2009-March 2013).Methods:Questionnaires were administered at community level in a total of 27 communes and visits were made to all of the 10 abattoirs situated in the Province,to collect qualitative data on determinants of transmission for disease in humans and *** specifically,community knowledge,attitudes and practices related to cystic echinococcosis were assessed,as well as the extent to which local customs and behaviours may promote *** infrastructure and practices,and their role in perpetuating disease transmission were also critically ***:The results show that only 50%of people have heard of the disease,and of those,only 21%are aware of the dog’s role in disease ***-seven per cent of respondents stated that dogs are fed ruminant organs deemed unfit for human *** dogs have access to the family home,including the kitchen,in 39%of *** extent of this close proximity between humans and animals is even more pertinent when one considers that dogs are omnipresent in the community,with an average of 1.8 dogs owned per *** unrestricted access of dogs to abattoirs is a huge issue,which further promotes disease ***:This study would suggest that the high prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in humans and animals in Morocco is largely due to three factors:1)abundance of dogs 2)engagement in risky behaviour of the local population and 3)poor abattoir infrastructure and *** has serious implications in terms of the socio-economic impact of the disease,especially for rural poor communities.

关键词： Attitudes Cystic echinococcosis Knowledge Morocco Transmission factors Practices

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Characterization and functions of beta defensins in the epididymis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2007年第4期9卷 453-462页

作者： susan H. Hall Suresh Yenugu Yashwanth Radhakrishnan Maria christina W. Avellar Peter Petrusz Frank S. French Laboratories for Reproductive Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill NC 27599-7505 USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pondicherry Central University Pondicherry 605014 India Section of Experimental Endocrinology Department of Pharmacology Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo SP 04044-020 Brazil

The epididymal β-defensins have evolved by repeated gene duplication and divergence to encode a family of proteins that provide direct protection against pathogens and also support the male reproductive tract in its primary function. Male tract defensins also facilitate recovery from pathogen attack. The β-defensins possess ancient conserved sequence and structural features widespread in multi-cellular organisms, suggesting fundamental roles in species survival. Primate SPAG11, the functional fusion of two ancestrally independent β-defensin genes, produces a large family of alternatively spliced transcripts that are expressed according to tissue-specific and species-specific constraints. The complexity of SPAG11 varies in different branches of mammalian evolution. Interactions of human SPAG11D with host proteins indicate involvement in multiple signaling pathways. （Asian J Andro12007 July; 9： 453- 462）

关键词： defensin antibacterial male fertility

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Optimizing perioperative Crohn's disease management: Role of coordinated medical and surgical care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第4期21卷 1182-1188页

作者： Jennifer L Bennett christina Y Ha Jonathan E Efron susan L Gearhart Mark G Lazarev Elizabeth C Wick Department of Surgery The Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Gastroenterology the Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287United States Division of Digestive Diseases the David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States

AIM: To investigate rates of re-establishing gastroenterology care, colonoscopy, and/or initiating me-dical therapy after Crohn's disease(CD) surgery at a tertiary care referral ***: CD patients having small bowel or ileocolonic resections with a primary anastomosis between 2009-2012 were identified from a tertiary academic referral center. CD-specific features, medications, and surgical outcomes were abstracted from the medical record. The primary outcome measure was compliance rates with medical follow-up within 4 wk of hospital discharge and surveillance colonoscopy within 12 mo of surgery. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients met study inclusion criteria with 92%(n = 81) of patients returning for surgical follow-up compared to only 41%(n = 36) of patients with documented gastroenterology follow-up within four-weeks of hospital discharge, P < 0.05. Factors associated with more timely postoperative medical follow-up included younger age, longer length of hospitalization, postoperative biologic use and academic center patients. In the study cohort, 75.0% of patients resumed medical therapy within 12 mo, whereas only 53.4% of patients underwent a colonoscopy within 12 mo of ***: Our study highlights the need for coordinated CD multidisciplinary clinics and structured handoffs among providers to improve of quality of care in the postoperative setting.

关键词： Coordinated care Crohn’s disease Postoperative pro

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Design of Optical Logic Gates Using Self-collimated Beams in 2D Photonic Crystal

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Photonic Sensors 2012年第2期2卷 173-179页

作者： X. susan christina A. R KABILAN Department of ECE Mookambigai College of Engineering Trichy Tamilnadu lndia Chettinad College of Engineering & Technology Puliyur Tamiladu lndia

Optical logic gates are elementary components for optical network and optical computing. In this paper, we propose a structure for AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates in the two dimensional photonic crystal which utilizes the dispersion based self-collimation effect. The self-collimated beam is splitted by the line defect and interfered with other self-collimated beam. This interference may be constructive or destructive based on their phase difference. This phenomenon is employed to realize all-optical logic gates. The gates are demonstrated numerically by computing electromagnetic field distribution using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） method. The results ensure that this design can function as AND, NAND, XNOR and NOR logic gates. The size of the structure is about 10 μm× 10 μm which in turn results in an increase in the speed and all the gates are realized in the same configuration. The ON-OFF contrast ratio is about 6 dB.

关键词： Optical computing photonic crystal band diagram equifrequency contour all-optical logic gates

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