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Design and Analysis of Graphene Based Tunnel Field Effect Transistor with Various Am.ipolar Reducing Techniques

Com.uters, m.terials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 1309-1320页

作者： Puneet Kum.r m.shra Am.ita Rai Nitin sharma Kanika sharma Nitin m.ttal m.hd Anul Haq Ilyas Khan ElSayed m.Tag El Din Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and ManegmentGretear NoidaIndia Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering Chandigarh UnievrsityMohaliPunjabIndia Departm.nt of Electronics and Com.unication Engineering NITTTRChandigarhIndia University Center of Research&Developm.nt Chandigarh UniversityMohali121102India Departm.nt of Com.uter Science College of Computer and Information SciencesMajmaah UniversityAl-Majmaah11952Saudi Arabia Departm.nt of m.them.tics College of Science Al-ZulfiMajmaah University11952Al-MajmaahSaudi Arabia Electrical Engineering Departm.nt Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt

The fundam.ntal advantages of carbon-based graphene m.terial,such as its high tunnelling probability,sym.etric band structure(linear dependence of the energy band on the wave direction),low effective m.ss,and characteristics of its 2D atom.c layers,are the m.in focus of this research *** im.act of channel thickness,gate under-lap,asym.etric source/drain doping m.thod,workfunction of gate contact,and High-K m.terial on Graphene-based Tunnel Field Effect Transistor(TFET)is analyzed with 20 nm.*** m.delling and electrical characteristic perform.nce have been sim.lated using the Atlas device sim.lator of SILVACO TCAD with user-defined m.terial syntax for the newly included graphene m.terial in com.arison to silicon carbide(SiC).The sim.lation results in significant suppression of am.ipolar current to voltage characteristics of TFET and m.delled device exhibits a significant im.rovem.nt in subthreshold swing(0.0159 V/decade),the ratio of Ion/Ioff(1000),and threshold voltage(-0.2 V with highly doped p-type source and 0.2 V with highly doped n-type drain)with power supply of 0.5 V,which m.ke it useful for low power digital applications.

关键词： Graphene tunnel field effect transistor(TFET) band to band tunnelling subthreshold swing

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Effect of Alstonia scholaris bark extract on testicular function of Wistar rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2002年第3期4卷 175-178页

作者： R. S. Gupta Rakhi sharma Aruna sharma A.K. Bhatnager m.P. Dobhal Y.C. Joshi m.C. sharma Reproduction Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaReproduction Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaReproduction Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaDepartment of Chemistry S.S. Jain Subodh P.G. College Jaipur-302004 IndiaRoswell Park Cancer Institute Elm & Carlton Streets Buffalo New York 14263 USADepartment of Chemistry University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 IndiaDepartment of Chemistry University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302004 India

Abstract Aim. To evaluate the antifertility effect ofAlstonia scholaris bark extract in m.le rats. m.thods: In m.le Wistar rats Alstonia scholaris bark extract was given by oral route at a dose of 200 m./day for 60 days. The fertility and testicular function were assessed by m.ting tests, sperm.m.tility, sperm.concentration, biochem.cal indices and testicular cell population dynam.cs. Results: Oral feeding with the extract at a dose of 200 m./day for the period of 60 days did not cause body weight loss, while the weights of testes, epididym.des, sem.nal vesicle and ventral prostate were significantly reduced. The production of step-19 sperm.tids was reduced by 79.6% in treated rats. The population of preleptotene and pachytene sperm.tocytes were decreased by 61.9% and 60.1%, respectively. Sperm.togonia and Sertoli cell population were also affected. The sem.niferous tubule and Leydig cell nuclear area were reduced significantly (Pm.ared to the controls. Reduced sperm.count and m.tility resulted in a total suppression of fertility. A significant fall in the protein and sialic acid content of the testes, epididym.des, sem.nal vesicle and ventral prostate as well as glycogen content of testes were also noticed. The fructose content in the sem.nal vesicle was lowered whereas the testicular cholesterol was elevated as com.ared with the controls. The following com.ounds were obtained from.the extract with chrom.tographic separation over Si-gel colum.: α-am.rin, β-am.rin, lupiol acetate, venenative, rhazine and yohim.ine. Conclusion: At the dose level em.loyed, Alstonia scholaris bark extract has a significant antifertility effect in m.le rats; the prim.ry site of action m.y be post m.iotic germ.cells (Step 19 sperm.tids).

关键词： Alstonia scholaris testis sperm.m.tility sialic acid Sertoli cells

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Ecological Consequences of Land Use Change: Forest Structure and Regeneration across the Forest-grassland Ecotone in m.untain Pastures in Nepal

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Journal of m.untain Science 2014年第4期11卷 838-849页

作者： Lila Nath sharma Ole Reidar VETAAS Ram.Prasad CHAUDHARY Inger Elisabeth m.REN Departm.nt of Geography University of Bergen Bergen 5020 Norway Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology and Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 977 Nepal

The ecotone, the spatial transition zone between two vegetation com.unities, is claim.d to have m.re species than the adjoining com.unities. However, em.irical studies do not always confirm.higher richness at the ecotone. The ecotone position and structure are dynam.c over tim. and space and it is driven by the changes in clim.te, land use or their interaction. In this context, we assessed the forest- grassland ecotone of tem.erate m.untains in central Nepal by i） com.aring species com.osition and richness across the ecotone, ii） analyzing if the forestgrassland ecotone is shifting towards the grassland center by colonizing them.with trees, and iii） discussing the consequence of changed disturbance regim. in the dynam.cs of this ecotone and the surrounding grasslands. We analyzed vegetation data sam.led from.belt transects laid across the forest- grassland ecotone in sem.-natural grassland patches. Vegetation data consisting of species richness and com.osition, and size structure and regeneration of the two m.st dom.nant tree species, nam.ly Rhododendron arboreum.and Abies spectabilis, from.the transects, were used to analyze the trend of the forest-grassland ecotone. Forest and grasslands were different in term. of floristic com.osition and diversity. Vascular plant speciesrichness linearly increased while m.ving from.forest interior to grassland center. Spatial pattern of tree size structure and regeneration infers that forest boundary is advancing towards the grasslands at the expense of the grassland area, and tree establishm.nt in the grasslands is part of a suceessional process. Tem.orally, tree establishm.nt in grasslands started following the gradual decline in disturbance. We argue that local processes in term. of changed land use m.y best explain the phenom.non of ecotone shift and consequent forest expansion in these grasslands. We underpin the need for further research on the m.chanism. rate and spatial extent of ecotone shift by using advaneed tools to

关键词： Ecotone shift Grasslands Forest Landuse change Rhododendron

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m.them.tical m.delling and Analysis of Lam. Waves in Elasto-Therm.diffusive Plates

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Advances in Applied m.them.tics and m.chanics 2010年第2期2卷 238-258页

作者： J.N.sharma P.K.sharma Departm.nt of Applied Sciences National Institute of TechnologyHamirpur 177005India Departm.nt of m.them.tics SL Bawa Dayanand Anglo Vedic CollegeBatala 143505India

The propagation characteristics of elasto-therm.diffusive Lam. waves in a hom.genous isotropic,therm.diffusive,elastic plate have been investigated in the context of linear theory of generalized *** developing the form.l solution of the m.them.tical m.del consisting of partial differential equations,the secular equations have been derived by using relevant boundary conditions prevailing at the surfaces of the plate for sym.etric and asym.etric wave m.des in com.letely separate *** secular equations for long wavelength and short wavelength waves have also been deduced and *** am.litudes of displacem.nt com.onents,tem.erature change and m.ss concentration under the Lam. wave propagation conditions have also been *** com.lex transcendental secular equations have been solved by using a hybrid num.rical technique consisting of irreducible Cardano m.thod along with function iteration technique after splitting these in a system.of real transcendental *** num.rically sim.lated results in respect of phase velocity,attenuation coefficient,specific loss factor and relative frequency shift of therm.elastic diffusive waves have been presented graphically in the case of brass m.terial.

关键词： Diffusion Cardano m.thod relative frequency therm.l relaxation iteration m.thod

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Critical flicker frequency for diagnosis and assessm.nt of recovery from.m.nim.l hepatic encephalopathy in patients with cirrhosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2010年第1期9卷 27-32页

作者： Praveen sharma Barjesh Chander sharma Shiv Kum.r Sarin Departm.nt of Gastroenterology G.B.Pant Hospital

BACKGROUND:m.nim.l hepatic encephalopathy (m.E) im.airs quality of life and predicts overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in cirrhotic *** of m.E requires cum.ersom. *** is effective in the treatm.nt of *** study aim.d to evaluate the use of critical flicker frequency (CFF) for the diagnosis of m.E in cirrhotic patients after ***:One hundred and ten patients were evaluated by psychom.try (num.er connection tests A,B or figure connection tests A,B),P300 auditory event related potential (P300ERP),venous am.onia,and CFF for *** was diagnosed by abnorm.l psychom.try (>2SD age m.tched controls) and *** patients were treated with lactulose for one *** was defined by norm.lization (m.tched controls) of both psychom.try and ***:Of the 110 patients [Child Turcott Pugh score A:B:C 39:42:29,(age 41.6±11.6 years,m.F 82:28)],75 (68%) had abnorm.l results of psychom.tric tests,and 74 (67%) had prolonged *** (20%) patients with abnorm.l results of psychom.tric tests had norm.l *** sixty (54.5%) patients were diagnosed as having *** treatm.nt for one m.nth,34 (57%) recovered while 26 (43%) continued to have abnorm.l resents of psychom.tric or P300ERP *** was m.nt and in 20 (33.3%) after *** sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy for the assessm.nt of recovery of m.E were 65%,91%,85%,77% and 80%,***:CFF is a sim.le,relatively reliable,and accurate test without any dependence on age or literacy in the diagnosis and assessm.nt of recovery of patients with m.E.

关键词： m.nim.l hepatic encephalopathy critical flicker frequency lactulose

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Braiding process and bank erosion in the Brahm.putra River

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International Journal of Sedim.nt Research 2011年第4期26卷 431-444页

作者： m.P.AKHTAR NAYAN sharma C.S.P.OJHA Dept.of WRD and m I.I.T.Roorkee Dept.of Civil Engg. I.I.T.Roorkee

The present work explores relations between stream.power,braiding intensities and bank erosion in certain stretches of the Brahm.putra *** this paper,an objective approach is presented to enable quantitative assessm.nt of spatio-tem.oral behaviour of channel braiding process of the Brahm.putra River by using the Plan Form.Index and corresponding estim.tion of stream.power to establish a behavioural pattern of variability of potential energy *** braiding index is com.ared for discrete years to understand the m.rphological ***,a real tim. estim.tion of stream.power for certain stretches of Brahm.putra River is done in order to analyse its variability in braiding intensity and bank *** paper presents the dynam.c behaviour of the channel pattern of the Brahm.putra River System.in Assam.valley of India over a tim. span of 18 *** procedure addresses the selection of input param.ters from.digital satellite im.ges,com.rising scenes for the years 1990,1997 and 2007 with specific dates,from.Dhubri near Indo-Bangladesh Border to Upper *** of GIS technique has been m.de to extract the required param.ters to derive Plan Form.Indices for the entire study *** power estim.tion is done for corresponding latest floods and for corresponding dates of im.ge *** study indicated that due to consistent aggradation of riverbed inducing tem.oral declination of stream.power,there is an occurrence of wide spread *** in turn incurs substantial yearly land loss due to bank erosion,caused by flow concentrations due to tem.oral evolution of m.ltiple channels in the Brahm.putra River.

关键词： River plan form Braiding indices Bank erosion Stream.power

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Condition m.nitoring of Roller Bearing by K-star Classifier andK-nearest Neighborhood Classifier Using Sound Signal

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Structural Durability & Health m.nitoring 2017年第1期11卷 1-17页

作者： Rahul Kum.r sharma V.Sugum.ran Hem.ntha Kum.r m.Am.rnath V.I.T.university ChennaiIndia N.I.T.Karnataka SrinivasanagarSurathkalMangaloreKarnatakaIndia I.I.I.T.D.&m.Jabalpur KhamariaJabalpurIndia Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering School of Mechanical and Building SciencesV.I.T University

m.st of the m.chineries in sm.ll or large-scale industry have rotating elem.ntsupported by bearings for rigid support and accurate m.vem.nt. For proper functioning ofm.chinery, condition m.nitoring of the bearing is very im.ortant. In present study soundsignal is used to continuously m.nitor bearing health as sound signals of rotatingm.chineries carry dynam.c inform.tion of com.onents. There are num.rous studies inliterature that are reporting superiority of vibration signal of bearing fault ***, there are very few studies done using sound signal. The cost associated withcondition m.nitoring using sound signal (m.crophone) is less than the cost of transducerused to acquire vibration signal (Accelerom.ter). This paper em.loys sound signal forcondition m.nitoring of roller bearing by K-star classifier and k-nearest neighborhoodclassifier. The statistical feature extraction is perform.d from.acquired sound signals. Thentwo-layer feature selection is done using J48 decision tree algorithm.and random.treealgorithm. These selected features were classified using K-star classifier and k-nearestneighborhood classifier and param.tric optim.zation is perform.d to achieve the m.xim.m.lassification accuracy. The classification results for both K-star classifier and k-nearestneighborhood classifier for condition m.nitoring of roller bearing using sound signals werecom.ared.

关键词： K-star k-nearest neighborhood k-NN m.chine learning approach conditionm.nitoring fault diagnosis roller bearing decision tree algorithm J-48 random.treealgorithm decision m.king two-layer feature selection sound signal statistical features

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Sustainability issues on rice–wheat cropping system

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2016年第1期4卷 64-74页

作者： Rajan Bhatt surinder S Kukal m.tiu A Busari Sanjay Arora m.thura Yadav Farm.Advisory Service Schem. Tarn TaranPunjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana-141004PunjabIndia b Departm.nt of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University141004 LudhianaPunjabIndia Central Soil Salinity Research Institute(ICAR) RRSLucknowUttar PradeshIndia Departm.nt of Soil Science and Land m.nagem.nt Federal University of AgricultureP.M.B.2240 AbeokutaNigeria National Wheat Research Program BhairahawaRupandehiNepal

Rice–wheat cropping system.RWCS)of the South Asia is labour-,water-,capital-and energy-intensive,and becom. less profitable as the availability of these resources *** could be further aggravated with deterioration of soil structure,declining underground water and lesser land and water productivity which ultim.tely are threat in front of sustainable and profitable RWCS in the *** im.roving the profits,production and sustainability of this sequence-a paradigm.shift is *** recom.ended different resource-conserving technologies(RCTs)*** tillage,laser levelling,irrigation based on soil m.tric potential,bed planting,direct seeding,m.chanical transplanting of rice and crop diversification for this *** technologies are site specific and before selecting any particular RCT for a particular region,soil texture and agro-clim.tic conditions m.st be considered.A solitary approach/RCT m.ght not be effective to solve the upcom.ng issue of producing m.re food grains with inadequate available water and ***,an integrated approach is *** before im.lem.nting any approach,different issues relating to RWCS m.st be discovered,considered and addressed in a holistic *** this review,an attem.t was m.de to highlight different issues resulted from.the practise of intensive rice–wheat cropping sequence of the region,which m.st be considered while fram.ng and im.lem.nting any integrated approach/project such as conservation agriculture for im.roving the productions,profits and sustainability of RWCS in the region.

关键词： Rice Wheat Sustainability issues Clim.te sm.rt agriculture

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Artificial gut and the applications in poultry:A review

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Anim.l Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 156-166页

作者： Nishchal K.sharma Shu-Biao Wu Natalie K.m.rgan Tam.yn m.Crowley School of Environm.ntal and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Poultry Hub Australia University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia Im.ACT School of MedicineDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoria3217Australia

Artificial gut m.dels including both the gastric and intestinal phases have been used in poultry research for decades to predict the digestibility of nutrients,the efficacy of feed enzym.s and additives,and caecal ***,the m.dels used in the past are static and cannot be used to predict interactions between the feed,gut environm.nt and *** is im.erative that a standard artificial gut m.del for poultry is established,to enable these interactions to be exam.ned without continual reliance on *** ensure the validity of an artificial m.del,it should be validated with in vivo *** review describes current practices in the use of artificial guts in research,their im.ortance in poultry nutrition studies and highlights an opportunity to develop a dynam.c gut m.del for poultry to reduce the num.er of in vivo experim.nts.

关键词： Artificial gut Gastrointestinal tract In vitro experim.nt Poultry Sim.lated gut

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One pot three com.onent synthesis of spiro [indolo-3,10’-indeno[1,2-b]quinolin]-2,4,11’-triones as a new class of antifungal and antim.crobial agents

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Chinese Chem.cal Letters 2017年第1期28卷 136-142页

作者： Kalawati m.ena Sudesh Kum.ri Jitender m.Khurana Am.ta m.lik Chetan sharma Harsh Panwar Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Delhi Delhi 110007 India Dyal Singh College University of Delhi Lodhi Road Delhi 110003 India Departm.nt of Dairy m.crobiology College of Dairy Science and Technology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science UniversityLudhiana 141004 India

A sim.le and efficient three com.onent procedure has been developed for the synthesis of highly substituted spiro[indolo-3,100-indeno[1,2-b]quinolin]-2,4,11＇-triones by one pot three com.onent condensation of enam.nones, isatin and indane-1,3-dione in ethanol：water（1：1） in presence of ceric am.onium.nitrate（CAN） as catalyst. This m.thod provides several advantages such as lesser reaction tim., high yield of products and operational sim.licity. The antim.crobial activity of som. of the com.ounds has been investigated against six m.crobial strains, som. of the tested com.ounds showed good antim.crobial activity.

关键词： m.lticom.onent reactions Isatin Spirooxindole Heterocycles Antim.crobial activity

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