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Intelligent Information Management 2015年第4期7卷 181-194页

作者： suresh nanda kumar Ramasamy Panneerselvam Doctoral Candidate School of Management Pondicherry University Pondicherry India Professor School of Management Pondicherry University Pondicherry India

The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. To get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the actual solution, we use heuristics and metaheuristics which are of the combinatorial optimization type. A literature review of VRPTW, TDVRP, and a metaheuristic such as the genetic algorithm was conducted. In this paper, the implementation of the VRPTW and its extension, the time-dependent VRPTW (TDVRPTW) has been carried out using the model as well as metaheuristics such as the genetic algorithm (GA). The algorithms were implemented, using Matlab and HeuristicLab optimization software. A plugin was developed using Visual C# and DOT NET framework 4.5. Results were tested using Solomon’s 56 benchmark instances classified into groups such as C1, C2, R1, R2, RC1, RC2, with 100 customer nodes, 25 vehicles and each vehicle capacity of 200. The results were comparable to the earlier algorithms developed and in some cases the current algorithm yielded better results in terms of total distance travelled and the average number of vehicles used.

关键词： Vehicle Routing Problem Exact Methods Heuristics Metaheuristics VRPTW TDVRPTW Optimization Genetic Algorithms Matlab HeuristicLab C# DOT NET

A Survey on the Vehicle Routing Problem and Its Variants

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Intelligent Information Management 2012年第3期4卷 66-74页

作者： suresh nanda kumar Ramasamy Panneerselvam Department of Management Studies Pondicherry University Pondicherry India Education Department CII Institute of Logistics Chennai India

In this paper, we have conducted a literature review on the recent developments and publications involving the vehicle routing problem and its variants, namely vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) and the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and also their variants. The VRP is classified as an NP-hard problem. Hence, the use of exact optimization methods may be difficult to solve these problems in acceptable CPU times, when the problem involves real-world data sets that are very large. The vehicle routing problem comes under combinatorial problem. Hence, to get solutions in determining routes which are realistic and very close to the optimal solution, we use heuristics and meta-heuristics. In this paper we discuss the various exact methods and the heuristics and meta-heuristics used to solve the VRP and its variants.

关键词： Vehicle Routing Problem Exact Methods Heuristics Meta-heuristics VRPTW Optimization Ant Colony Optimization Genetic Algorithms

Development of an Efficient Genetic Algorithm for the Time Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows

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American Journal of Operations Research 2017年第1期7卷 1-25页

作者： suresh nanda kumar Ramasamy Panneerselvam School of Management Pondicherry University Pondicherry India

This research considers the time-dependent vehicle routing problem (TDVRP). The time-dependent VRP does not assume constant speeds of the vehicles. The speeds of the vehicles vary during the various times of the day, based on the traffic conditions. During the periods of peak traffic hours, the vehicles travel at low speeds and during non-peak hours, the vehicles travel at higher speeds. A survey by TCI and IIM-C (2014) found that stoppage delay as percentage of journey time varied between five percent and 25 percent, and was very much dependent on the characteristics of routes. Costs of delay were also estimated and found not to affect margins by significant amounts. This study aims to overcome such problems arising out of traffic congestions that lead to unnecessary delays and hence, loss in customers and thereby valuable revenues to a company. This study suggests alternative routes to minimize travel times and travel distance, assuming a congestion in traffic situation. In this study, an efficient GA-based algorithm has been developed for the TDVRP, to minimize the total distance travelled, minimize the total number of vehicles utilized and also suggest alternative routes for congestion avoidance. This study will help to overcome and minimize the negative effects due to heavy traffic congestions and delays in customer service. The proposed algorithm has been shown to be superior to another existing algorithm in terms of the total distance travelled and also the number of vehicles utilized. Also the performance of the proposed algorithm is as good as the mathematical model for small size problems.

关键词： Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem Genetic Algorithm Chromosomes Cross-Over Travel Times Vehicles

Optimal PV Array Configuration for Extracting Maximum Power Under Partial Shading Conditions by Mitigating Mismatching Power Losses

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 499-510页

作者： Praveen kumar Bonthagorla suresh Mikkili the Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department National Institute of Technology Goa403401India

The grid-connected or standalone PV central inverter architecture is comprised of several PV modules which are connected in different ways to form the PV *** power generation capability of the PV array is primarily affected by partial shading conditions(PSC).Due to PSCs,the power output of the PV array is dramatically reduced,and mismatching losses are induced in the PV *** on the extent of these problems,multiple peaks also appear in the power-voltage(P-V)curve,which makes it very difficult to track the global maximum power point(GMPP).The main objective of this research paper is to model and simulate the series(S),series-parallel(SP),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),total-cross-tied(TCT)and proposed triple-tied(TT)solar PV array configurations under various partial shading *** performance of all PV configurations is evaluated under a uniform approach,considering eight different shading *** performance of the considered PV configurations is analyzed in terms of their mismatching power losses,fill factors,efficiency,global maximum power points(GMPPs),local maximum power points(LMPPs),voltages and currents at GMPPs,open circuit voltage and short circuit *** above-mentioned PV configurations are modeled and simulated in a Matlab/Simulink environment by considering the KC-200GT module parameters.

关键词： Photo voltaic(PV) PV array configurations triple-tied(TT) maximum power point(MPP) partial shading mismatching power losses fill factor efficiency

A state-of-the-art review of solar passive building system for heating or cooling purpose

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 347-354页

作者： Arun kumar nanda C K PANIGRAHI Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchiranchi 835215 India School of Electrical Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Bhubaneswar 751024 India

The major portion of energy in a building is consumed by heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning （HVAC）. The traditional heating and cooling systems contribute greatly to the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. Four different ways, i.e., Trombe wall, solar chimney, unglazed transpired solar facade, and solar roof, are adopted for solar heating. Similarly, two major ways, i.e., evaporative cooling and building integrated evaporative cooling are adopted for cooling of the building. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this paper to compile the developments of solar heating and cooling technologies in a building.

关键词： HVAC heating cooling solar heating carbondioxide (CO2) emissions

Performance Investigation of Hybrid and Conventional PV Array Configurations for Grid-connected/Standalone PV Systems

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第3期8卷 682-695页

作者： Praveen kumar Bonthagorla suresh Mikkili Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of TechnologyGoaIndia

Currently,the critical challenge in solar photovoltaic(PV)systems is to make them energy *** of the key factors that can reduce the PV system power output is partial shading conditions(PSCs).The reduction in power output not only depends on a shaded region but also depends on the pattern of shading and physical position of shaded modules in the *** to PSCs,mismatch losses are induced between the shaded modules which can cause several peaks in the output power-voltage(P-V)*** series-parallel(SP),total-cross-tied(TCT),bridge-link(BL),honey-comb(HC),and triple-tied(TT)configurations are considered as conventional configurations,which are severely affected by PSCs and generate more mismatch power losses along with a greater number of local *** reduce the effect of PSCs,hybrid PV array configurations,such as series-parallel:total-cross-tied(SP-TCT),bridge-link:total-cross-tied(BL-TCT),honey-comb:total-cross-tied(HC-TCT)and bridge-link:honey-comb(BL-HC)are *** paper briefly discusses the modeling,simulation and performance evaluation of hybrid and conventional 7×7 PV array configurations during different PSCs in a Matlab/Simulink *** performance of hybrid and conventional PV configurations are evaluated and compared in terms of global maximum power(GMP),voltage and currents at GMP,open and short circuit voltage and currents,mismatch power loss(MPL),fill factor,efficiency,and a number of local maximum power peaks(LMPPs).

关键词： Fill factor global maximum power(GMP) hybrid PV array configuration maximum power point(MPP) mismatch power loss(MPL) partial shading triple-tied(TT)

Phenology of a tropical dry deciduous forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary,southern India

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 263-274页

作者： Appaji nanda Hebbalalu S suresh Yelugere L Krishnamurthy Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research in Applied Botany Bioscience ComplexJnana SahyadriKuvempu UniversityShankaraghattaShimoga 577451KarnatakaIndia Biodiversity Education and Research Laboratory Environmental Study CentreSanthekaduruShimoga 577222KarnatakaIndia Centre for Ecological Sciences Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012KarnatakaIndia

Introduction:This paper describes the leafing,flowering and fruiting phenology of canopy trees in the dry deciduous forest of Bhadra wildlife sanctuary from June 2004 to May ***:All the woody canopy individuals(>20 cm girth at breast height)were identified and tagged with a unique number along a transect of approximately 2 Km comprising 157 individuals of 22 *** were made at monthly intervals from June 2004 to May 2006 for leafing,flowering and fruiting ***:Leaf fall starts in September,with a peak in December and *** initiation begins in February,with a peak in April before the *** expansion starts in February from pre-monsoon with a peak in May and July during the *** senescence begins in September to November and peaks in January to *** bud initiates in January with a peak in April and May,and pollination begins in April with a peak in May and July before the monsoon to onset of *** bud initiates in May with a peak in September and *** fruit was observed in May with a peak in September and *** fall begins in November with a peak in ***:Our results show that leafing and flowering activities occur in the summer or *** patterns occur during the monsoon to post-monsoon *** among various phenophases indicates that leaf senescence flower initiation and fruit fall have strong seasonality.

关键词： Bhadra wildlife sanctuary Dry deciduous forest Phenophases Rayleigh’s Z test Seasonality

In vivo immunostimulatory effect of the amoebocyte lysate and plasma of Asian horseshoe crab,Tachypleus gigas in a piscine model

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2021年第3期3卷 355-362页

作者： Sukanta kumar Nayak Pramod kumar nanda Priyabrat Swain Department of Biotechnology Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University(Erstwhile North Orissa University)Odisha757003India ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute Eastern Regional StationKolkata700037India Fish Health Management Division Central Institute of Freshwater AquacultureBhubaneswar751002India

Antimicrobial proteins/peptides are becoming a new generation of immunostimulants for prevention and disease control in human and animals,including aquatic *** the haemolymph of horseshoe crabs(Tachypleus)contains broad ranges of bioactive compounds,we have explored the in vivo immunostimulating potential of amoebocyte lysate and plasma using a fish *** major carp,Labeo rohita,yearlings were injected intraperitoneally with two doses of lysate and plasma at 50 and 100µg protein per *** abnormalities and/or mortalities were recorded in any *** injected with 50µg lysate and 100µg plasma protein showed significant enhancement(P0.01)in any *** the contrary,a significantly high hemolysin titre was recorded in fish that received 100µg plasma *** challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila,both lysate and plasma protein(s)cross protected the fish after 30 *** highest survival(50%)was recorded in group injected with 50µg lysate protein,followed by 45%in both 100µg lysate and plasma protein injected groups.

关键词： Amoebocyte lysate Immunostimulatory Labeo rohita Plasma Tachypleus gigas

Hybrid, Optimal, Intelligent and Classical PV MPPT Techniques: A Review

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2021年第1期7卷 9-33页

作者： Ratnakar Babu Bollipo suresh Mikkili Praveen kumar Bonthagorla Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology GoaFARMAGUDIPondaGoa 403401India

Renewable energy-based solar photovoltaic(PV)generation is the best alternative for conventional energy sources because of its natural abundance and environment friendly *** power extraction from the PV system plays a critical role in increasing the efficiency of the solar power generation during partial shading conditions(PSCs).Therefore,a suitable maximum power point tracking(MPPT)technique to track the maximum power point(MPP)is of high need,even under *** paper presents an organized and concise review of MPPT techniques implemented for the PV systems in literature along with recent publications on various hardware design *** classification is done into four categories,***,intelligent,optimal,and hybrid depending on the tracking algorithm utilized to track MPP under *** uniform insolation,classical methods are highly preferred as there is only one peak in the P-V ***,under PSCs,the F-V curve exhibits multiple peaks,one global maximum power point(GMPP)and remaining are local maximum power points(LMPP’s).Under the PSCs,classical methods fail to operate at GMPP and hence there is a need for more advanced MPPT *** MPPT technique has its advantages and limits,but a streamlined MPPT is drafted in numerous parameters like sensors required,hardware implementation,cost viability,tracking speed and tracking *** study provides the advancement in this area since some parameter comparison is made at the end of every classification,which might be a prominent base-rule for picking the most gainful sort of MPPT for further research.

关键词： GMPP MPPT classification MPPT techniques partial shading conditions(PSCs) photovoltaic system

Failure investigation on high velocity impact deformation of boron carbide(B_(4)C) reinforced fiber metal laminates of titanium/glass fiber reinforced polymer

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第6期18卷 963-975页

作者： S.suresh kumar P.A.Shankar K.Lalith kumar Department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of EngineeringKalavakkamChennai603110India

High velocity ballistic impact deformation behaviour of Titanium/GFRP Fiber Metal Laminates(FML)has been *** single and multiple projectiles impact conditions were ***/GFRP FML targets were fabricated with addition of 5%and 10%weight percentage of boron carbide(B_(4)C)*** properties of Ti/GFRP FML targets were determined as per ASTM *** velocity ballistic experiments were conducted using Armour Piercing Projectile(APP)of diameter 7.62 mm and velocity ranging between 350 and 450 m/*** of penetration of the projectile into the target was *** deformation behaviour of Ti/GFRP targets with and without the presence of ceramic powder(B_(4)C)was investigated.“Ductile hole growth”failure mode was observed for pure GFRP target when subjected to single projectile impact whereas“plugging”failure mode was noted for Ti/GFRP *** presence of B_(4)C(5%by weight)particles has significantly improved the ballistic resistance of the Ti/GFRP FML target by offering frictional resistance to the projectile *** addition(10%by weight)of B_(4)C has reduced the ballistic performance due to *** of the targets showed‘brittle cracking’or‘fragmentation’*** compared to the published results of Aluminium(Al 1100/GFRP and Al 6061/GFRP)FMLs,Ti/GFRP FML showed lesser DoP which increases its potential application to aerospace industry.

关键词： Ti/GFRP FML Ballistic impact Armour piercing projectile Boron carbide Depth of penetration Plugging