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Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 87-107页

作者： Giovanna MASSEI Jens jacob Lyn A.HINDS Botstiber Institute for Wildlife Fertility Control Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkUK Rodent Research Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsJulius Kühn–Institute(JKI)Federal Research Institute for Cultivated PlantsMünsterGermany CSIRO Health and Biosecurity CanberraACTAustralia

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife,including *** intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods,increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission,particularly of *** developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular *** guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad-scale rodent *** framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and,at times,in parallel,with initial research being conducted on(1)laboratory-based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals;(2)simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of afield-based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected;(3)development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios;and(4)implementation of large-scale,replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management-scalefield *** some circumstances,fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods(*** culling).Assessment of non-target effects,direct and indirect,and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be *** fertility control for a species is a resource-intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

关键词： captive studies field applications modeling oral contraceptive delivery population management rodents

Ultrastrong graphene sheets induced by nanoconfined water

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National Science Review 2024年第06期 96-98页

作者： jacob Klein Weizmann Institute of Science

Water and other solvents may exhibit unusual thermodynamic and kinetic properties when nano-confined, as demonstrated in several previous reports[1–4]. For example, extreme cylindrical nanoconfinement has been realized in carbon nanotubes [1], improving ethanol production by an order of magnitude,while the anomalous fluidity of nanoconfined water relative to nanoconfined organic solvents is important for lubrication [2,3].

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Imaging mass spectrometry:a molecular microscope for studying the role of lipids in Parkinson's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1179-1180页

作者： Vinata Vedam-Mai jacob M.Samuel Boone M.Prentice Department of Neurology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Department of Chemistry University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Parkinson's disease–A lipidopathy?The histopathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease(PD)and dementia with Lewy bodies are inclusions enriched inα-synuclein(α-syn),known as Lewy bodies,which are not only composed of proteins,but also a core of lipid *** has been thus far principally thought of as a“proteinopathy”caused by the misfolding of α-syn.

关键词： lipids species folding

Recycling of solid-state batteries—challenge and opportunity for a circular economy?

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Materials Futures 2024年第1期3卷 10-30页

作者： Martine jacob Kerstin Wissel Oliver Clemens 1 Department of Chemical Materials Synthesis University of StuttgartInstitute of Materials ScienceHeisenbergstraße 370569 StuttgartGermany Technical University of Darmstadt Institute of Materials ScienceAlarich-Weiss-Straße 264287 DarmstadtGermany

The tremendous efforts made in the research field of solid-state Li-ion batteries have led to considerable advancement of this technology and the first market-ready systems can be expected in the near *** research community is currently investigating different solid-state electrolyte classes(***,sulfides,halides and polymers)with a focus on further optimizing the synthesis and electrochemical ***,so far,the development of sustainable recycling strategies allowing for an efficient backflow of critical elements contained in these batteries into the economic cycle and thus a transition from a linear to a circular economy lags *** this contribution,resource aspects with respect to the chemical value of crucial materials,which are used for the synthesis of solid-state electrolytes are being ***,an overview of possible approaches in relation to their challenges and opportunities for the recycling of solid-state batteries with respect to different solid-state electrolyte classes by means of pyrometallurgy,hydrometallurgy and direct recycling/dissolution-based separation processes is *** on these considerations and with reference to previous research,it will be shown that different solid-state electrolytes will require individually adapted recycling processes to be suitably designed for a circular economy and that further improvements and investigations will be required.

关键词： solid-state batteries solid-state electrolyte recycling circular economy

Blockchain privacy and regulatory compliance: Towards a practical equilibrium

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BLOCKCHAIN-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Buterin, Vitalik Illum, jacob Nadler, Matthias Schar, Fabian Soleimani, Ameen Ethereum Fdn Zug Switzerland Chainalysis New York NY USA Univ Basel Basel Switzerland Privacy Pools W Palm Beach FL USA

We study Privacy Pools, a novel smart contract -based privacy -enhancing protocol. The protocol introduces a mechanism for users to reveal certain properties of their transaction without having to reveal the transaction itself. The core concept involves allowing users to publish a zero -knowledge proof, demonstrating that their funds (do not) originate from known (un-)lawful sources, without publicly revealing their entire transaction history. This is achieved by proving membership in custom association sets, which are designed to demonstrate compliance with regulatory frameworks or social consensus. We illustrate how this mechanism can create a separating equilibrium between compliant and non -compliant withdrawals. Our work describes the technical underpinnings, incentives, and broader implications of this mechanism, highlighting how Privacy Pools -like protocols can create more private yet compliant blockchain transactions.

关键词： Blockchain Privacy Regulation Smart contracts Zero-knowledge proofs

Comparing the Structural Parameters of the Milky Way to Other Spiral Galaxies

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期24卷 10-28页

作者： jacob A.Guerrette Aleksandr V.Mosenkov Dallin Spencer Zacory D.Shakespear Department of Physics and AstronomyN283 ESCBrigham Young University ProvoUT 84602USA

The structural parameters of a galaxy can be used to gain insight into its formation and evolution *** this paper,we strive to compare the Milky Way’s structural parameters to other,primarily edge-on,spiral galaxies in order to determine how our Galaxy measures up to the Local *** our comparison,we use the galaxy structural parameters gathered from a variety of literature sources in the optical and near-infrared wave *** compare the scale length,scale height,and disk flatness for both the thin and thick disks,the thick-to-thin disk mass ratio,the bulge-to-total luminosity ratio,and the mean pitch angle of the Milky Way’s spiral arms to those in other *** conclude that many of the Milky Way’s structural parameters are largely ordinary and typical of spiral galaxies in the Local Universe,though the Galaxy’s thick disk appears to be appreciably thinner and less extended than expected from zoom-in cosmological simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies with a significant contribution of galaxy mergers involving satellite galaxies.

关键词： Galaxy disk-galaxies fundamental parameters-Galaxy structure

Population genomic data reveal low genetic diversity,divergence and local adaptation among threatened Reeves's Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Qi Lu Pengcheng Wang Jiang Chang De Chen Shenghan Gao jacob Hoglund Zhengwang Zhang Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life SciencesNanjing Normal UniversityNanjing210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing100012China State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Department of Ecology and Genetics Animal EcologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden

Population genomic data could provide valuable information for conservation efforts;however,limited studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic status of threatened ***’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)is facing population decline,attributed to increases in habitat *** is a knowledge gap in understanding the genomic status and genetic basis underlying the local adaptation of this threatened ***,we used population genomic data to assess population structure,genetic diversity,inbreeding patterns,and genetic ***,we identified candidate genes linked with adaptation across the current distribution of Reeves’s *** present study assembled the first de novo genome sequence of Reeves’s Pheasant and annotated 19,458 *** also sequenced 30 individuals from three populations(Dabie Mountain,Shennongjia,Qinling Mountain)and found that there was clear population structure among those *** comparing with other threatened species,we found that Reeves’s Pheasants have low genetic *** of homozygosity suggest that the Shennongjia population has experienced serious *** demographic history results indicated that three populations experienced several declines during the glacial *** adaptative analysis among the populations identified 241 candidate genes under directional *** are involved in a large variety of processes,including the immune response and *** results suggest that the three populations should be considered as three different conservation *** current study provides genetic evidence for conserving the threatened Reeves’s Pheasant and provides genomic resources for global biodiversity management.

关键词： Conservation genetics Local adaptation Pheasant Whole-genome sequencing

Recent progress in printing flexible electronics: A review

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第8期67卷 2363-2386页

作者： BI Sheng GAO BuHan HAN Xu HE ZhengRan METTS jacob JIANG ChengMing ASARE-YEBOAH Kyeiwaa Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education School of Mechanical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Center for Materials for Information Technology The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Penn State BehrendEriePA 16563USA

Miniaturization and flexibility are becoming the trend in the development of electronic products. These key features are driving new methods in the manufacturing of such products. Printed electronics technology is a novel additive manufacturing technique that uses active inks to print onto a diverse set of substrates, realizing large-area, low-cost, flexible and green manufacturing of electronic products. These advantageous properties make it extremely compatible with flexible electronics fabrication and extend as far as offering revolutionary methods in the production of flexible electronic devices. In this paper, the details of a printing process system are introduced, including the materials that can be employed as inks, common substrates, and the most recently reported printing strategies. An assessment of future setbacks and developments of printed flexible electronics is also presented.

关键词： flexible electronics printing process conductive ink flexible substrate

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Small mammal community composition impacts bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) population dynamics and associated seroprevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 52-65页

作者： Felicitas Maria BUJNOCH Daniela REIL Stephan DREWES Ulrike MROSENFELD Rainer G.ULRICH Jens jacob Christian IMHOLT Julius Kühn-Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Epidemiology and Pathogen DiagnosticsRodent ResearchMünsterGermany University of Münster Institute for Evolution and BiodiversityMünsterGermany Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthInstitute of Novel and Emerging Infectious DiseasesGreifswald-Insel RiemsGermany

Rodents are important reservoirs for zoonotic pathogens that cause diseases in *** is hypoth-esized to be closely related to pathogen prevalence through multiple direct and indirect *** example,the presence of non-host species can reduce contact rates of the main reservoir host and thus reduce the risk of transmission(“dilution effect”).In addition,an overlap in ecological niches between two species could lead to increased interspecific competition,potentially limiting host densities and reducing density-dependent pathogen transmission *** this study,we investigated the relative impact of population-level regulation of direct and indirect drivers of the prevalence of Puumala orthohantavirus(PUUV)in bank voles(Clethrionomys glareolus)during years with high *** compiled data on small mammal community composition from four regions in Germany between 2010 and *** equation modeling revealed a strong seasonality in PUUV control mechanisms in bank *** abundance of shrews tended to have a negative relationship with host abundance,and host abundance positively influenced PUUV seroprevalence,while at the same time increasing the abundance of competing non-hosts like the wood mouse(Apodemus sylvaticus)and the yellow-neckedfield mouse(Apodemusflavicollis)were associated with reduced PUUV seroprevalence in the *** results indicate that for PUUV in bank voles,dilution is associated with increased interspecific *** pressures leading to the decline of Apodemus *** a specific habitat could lead to the amplification of mechanisms promoting PUUV transmission within the host populations.

关键词： bank vole biodiversity Puumala orthohantavirus small mammals