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Data-driven science and machine learning methods in laser-plasma physics

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第5期11卷 10-50页

作者： Andreas Döpp Christoph Eberle sunny howard Faran Irshad Jinpu Lin Matthew Streeter Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München GarchingGermany Department of Physics Clarendon LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK School for Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK

Laser-plasma physics has developed rapidly over the past few decades as lasers have become both more powerful and more widely *** experimental and numerical research in this field was dominated by single-shot experiments with limited parameter ***,recent technological improvements make it possible to gather data for hundreds or thousands of different settings in both experiments and *** has sparked interest in using advanced techniques from mathematics,statistics and computer science to deal with,and benefit from,big *** the same time,sophisticated modeling techniques also provide new ways for researchers to deal effectively with situation where still only sparse data are *** paper aims to present an overview of relevant machine learning methods with focus on applicability to laser-plasma physics and its important sub-fields of laser-plasma acceleration and inertial confinement fusion.

关键词： deep learning laser-plasma interaction machine learning

Data-driven science and machine learning methods in laser–plasma physics

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第5期 14-54页

作者： Andreas D?pp Christoph Eberle sunny howard Faran Irshad Jinpu Lin Matthew Streeter Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit?t München Department of Physics Clarendon Laboratory University of Oxford School for Mathematics and Physics Queen's University Belfast

Laser-plasma physics has developed rapidly over the past few decades as lasers have become both more powerful and more widely available. Early experimental and numerical research in this field was dominated by single-shot experiments with limited parameter exploration. However, recent technological improvements make it possible to gather data for hundreds or thousands of different settings in both experiments and simulations. This has sparked interest in using advanced techniques from mathematics, statistics and computer science to deal with, and benefit from, big data. At the same time, sophisticated modeling techniques also provide new ways for researchers to deal effectively with situation where still only sparse data are available. This paper aims to present an overview of relevant machine learning methods with focus on applicability to laser-plasma physics and its important sub-fields of laser-plasma acceleration and inertial confinement fusion.

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New complex physiological findings evolve hypothesized mechanisms of Dravet syndrome

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1867-1868页

作者： MacKenzie A.howard Department of Neurology Dell Medical SchoolAustinTXUSA Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies(DEEs)are neurological disorders generally involving medically intractable seizures and a diverse array of comorbid neuropsychiatric delays and deficits that may severely affect cognition,mood,sleep,social behavior,movement control,learning,and/or *** syndrome(DS),also known as Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy.

关键词： sized finding seizures

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Gastroesophageal reflux following peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia:Bumps in the road to success

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第29期30卷 3461-3464页

作者： David Itskoviz Stephen David howard Malnick Kaplan Medical Center Institute of Gastroenterology and HepatologyHebrew University Medical School of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel Kaplan Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine CHebrew University Medical School of JerusalemRehovot 76100Israel

Achalasia can significantly impair the quality of *** clinical presentation typically includes dysphagia to both solids and liquids,chest pain,and *** can be delayed in patients with atypical presentations,and they might receive a wrong diagnosis,such as gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),owing to overlapping symptoms of both *** the cause of achalasia is poorly understood,its impact on the motility of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction is well *** treatment modalities have been utilized,with the most common being surgical Heller myotomy with concomitant fundoplication and pneumatic balloon ***,peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has gained popularity as an effective treatment for achalasia,despite a relatively high incidence of GERD occurring after treatment compared to other *** magnitude of post-POEM GERD depends on its definition and is influenced by patient and procedure-related *** longterm sequelae of post-POEM GERD are yet to be determined,but it appears to have a benign course and is usually manageable with clinically available *** risk factors for post-POEM GERD and modifying the POEM procedure in selected patients may improve the overall success of this technique.

关键词： Achalasia Per-oral endoscopic myotomy Gastroesophageal reflux Pneumatic dilatation Heller myotomy Proton pump inhibitor Acidic fermentation

Peri-articular elbow fracture fixations with magnesium implants and a review of current literature: A case series

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第3期15卷 215-229页

作者： Christopher Fang Antony Xavier Rex Premchand Derek howard Park Dong Hao Toon Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Khoo Teck Puat HospitalNational Healthcare GroupSingapore 768828Singapore

BACKGROUND In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants have gained renewed popularity,especially after the first commercially available ConformitéEuropéenne approved Magnesium implant became available(MAGNEZIX®CS,Syntellix)in *** To document our clinical and radiographical outcomes using magnesium implants in treating peri-articular elbow *** Our paper was based on a retrospective case series ***-operatively,a standardized surgical technique was utilized for insertion of the magnesium ***–operatively,clinic visits were standardized and physical exam findings,functional scores,and radiographs were obtained at each *** complications were *** Five patients with 6 fractures were recruited(2 coronoid,3 radial head and 1 capitellum).The mean patient age and length of follow up was 54.6 years and 11 months *** fractures healed,and none exhibited loss of reduction or complications requiring revision *** patient developed synovitis of the elbow joint or suffered electrolytic reactions when titanium implants were used *** Although there is still a paucity of literature available on the subject and further studies are required,magnesium implants appear to be a feasible tool for fixation of peri-articular elbow fractures with promising results in our *** In recent years,the use of Magnesium alloy implants in orthopaedic surgeries have gained renewed *** from being bioabsorbable,negating the need for implant removal,magnesium also has good osteoconductive properties[1-4].Biomechanically,it exhibits greater biomechanical strength than any pre-existing polymers,and reduces the stress-shielding effect associated with titanium and steel implants as it has a Young’s modulus closer to bone[4].Currently,the main utility of magnesium implants in the orthopaedic community is within the foot and ankle community where satisfactory results have been reported

关键词： Magnesium screw Fracture Peri-articular Elbow

Nano-revolution in hepatocellular carcinoma:A multidisciplinary odyssey-Are we there yet?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 684-687页

作者： howard D Lee Li-Yun Yuan Department of Medicine Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver DiseasesKeck School of Medicine of University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033United States

In this editorial we comment on the review by Zhou et al reviewing the landscape of nanomedicine in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).We focus on the immense potential of nanotechnology,particularly ligand-receptor mediated nanotherapy,in revolutionizing the treatment landscape of *** advan-cements in multidisciplinary treatment,HCC remains a significant global health ***-mediated nanotherapy offers the opportunity for precise drug delivery to tumor sites,targeting specific receptors overexpressed in HCC cells,thereby enhancing efficacy and minimizing side *** drug resistance and aggressive tumor biology is facilitated by nanomedicine,bypassing traditional hurdles encountered in *** include targeting glypican-3,asialoglycoprotein,transferrin receptor or folic acid receptors,capitalizing on their over-expression in tumor *** ability for multi-receptor targeting through dual-ligand nanoparticle modification holds the prospect of further enhancement in specificity and efficacy of directed ***,challenges including immune responses,reproducibility in nanoparticle synthesis,and production scalability *** directions involve refining targeting strategies,improving drug release mechanisms,and streamlining production processes to enable personalized and multifunctional ***,the integration of nanotherapy in HCC treatment holds immense promise,but continued partnership and effort are needed in offering hope for more effective,precise,and accessible clinical care in the management of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Nanomedicine Ligand-receptor mediated nanotherapy Precision medicine Personalized medicine Targeting

From non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease:Rationale and implications for the new terminology

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第6期16卷 863-866页

作者： Stephen David howard Malnick Doron Zamir Department of Internal Medicine C Kaplan Medical CenterRehovot 76100Israel Department of Internal Medicine D Barzilai Medical CenterAshkelon 7830604Israel

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)was the term first used to describe hepatic steatosis in patients with the metabolic syndrome who did not consume excess amounts of *** liver disease(ALD)has many similarities to NAFLD in both pathogenesis and *** entity is now the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide as a consequence of the epidemic of *** to incorporate the importance of the metabolic syndrome in the development of steatosis resulted in the renaming of NAFLD as metabolic-associated fatty liver *** new term,however,has the disadvantage of the use of terms that may be perceived as *** terms fatty and non-alcoholic have negative connotations in many *** addition,non-alcoholic is not usually a term applicable to pediatric cases of hepatic ***,an international collaborative effort,with participants from 56 countries,after a global consultation process,recommended to change the nomenclature to steatotic liver disease-including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease,metabolic-associated steatohepatitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated *** new terminology is consistent with most of the previously published epidemiological studies and will have a major impact on research into diagnosis,prognosis and treatment.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Steatosis metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease Nomenclature

Cultural stress:The undiagnosed epidemic of our time

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第3期21卷 221-225页

作者： howard Murad Inclusive Health Medical Group Los AngelesCA 90245USA

Global technologies that have made the world more interconnected have also,inadvertently,amplified the forces of stress that are now with us 24 hours a day,7 days a *** accumulated impact of this stress I call cultural stress anxiety syndrome and call on integrative medicine practitioners to recognize that it is exacerbating whatever acute stressors are also present in our patients'*** this Commentary,I outline seven major components of cultural stress(time pressure,digital intrusion,digital dependency,isolation,sedentary lifestyle,poor sleep and uncertainty),describe their health consequences,and finally,offer cultural stress-specific remedies I have utilized in my own practice,along with studies that affirm their *** hope is that we,as integrative medicine practitioners who are cognizant of the role that stress plays in disease development,will more fully appreciate the added impact of cultural stress,and advise our patients on the importance of proactive stress management.

关键词： Cultural stress Stress management Integrative medicine Lifestyle medicine Functional medicine Mind/body medicine

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A Time to Remember:Neural Insights into Rapid Updating of Timed Behaviors

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 699-702页

作者： Christopher howard Patrick Simen Neuroscience Department Oberlin CollegeOberlinOH44074USA

Processing temporal information is a critical brain function necessary for decision-making and *** timing,or processing of time intervals on the scale of seconds to minutes,is essential for associative learning,sensorimotor processing,and optimal foraging[1]and many neuropsychiatric illnesses including Parkinson's Disease,Huntington's Disease,and schizophrenia involve impaired interval timing.

关键词： Huntington impaired dating