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Semantic Segmentation of Lumbar Vertebrae Using Meijering U-Net(MU-Net)on Spine Magnetic Resonance Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 733-757页

作者： Lakshmi S V V Shiloah Elizabeth Darmanayagam sunil Retmin Raj Cyril Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering GuindyAnna UniversityChennai600025India Department of Information Technology Madras Institute of TechnologyAnna UniversityChrompetChennai600044India

Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the world and it is experienced by a huge percentage of people *** to its ability to produce a detailed view of the soft tissues,including the spinal cord,nerves,intervertebral discs,and vertebrae,Magnetic Resonance Imaging is thought to be the most effective method for imaging the *** semantic segmentation of vertebrae plays a major role in the diagnostic process of lumbar *** is difficult to semantically partition the vertebrae in Magnetic Resonance Images from the surrounding variety of tissues,including muscles,ligaments,and intervertebral discs.U-Net is a powerful deep-learning architecture to handle the challenges of medical image analysis tasks and achieves high segmentation *** work proposes a modified U-Net architecture namely MU-Net,consisting of the Meijering convolutional layer that incorporates the Meijering filter to perform the semantic segmentation of lumbar vertebrae L1 to L5 and sacral vertebra ***-colour mask images were generated and used as ground truth for training the *** work has been carried out on 1312 images expanded from T1-weighted mid-sagittal MRI images of 515 patients in the Lumbar Spine MRI Dataset publicly available from Mendeley *** proposed MU-Net model for the semantic segmentation of the lumbar vertebrae gives better performance with 98.79%of pixel accuracy(PA),98.66%of dice similarity coefficient(DSC),97.36%of Jaccard coefficient,and 92.55%mean Intersection over Union(mean IoU)metrics using the mentioned dataset.

关键词： Computer aided diagnosis(CAD) magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) semantic segmentation lumbar vertebrae deep learning U-Net model

Nano-Enhanced Dairy Scum Biodiesel Blends:Unleashing the Power of Aluminium Oxide for Sustainable and Efficient Engine Performance

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Journal of Thermal Science 2025年第1期34卷 283-302页

作者： Veeranna MODI Prasad B.RAMPURE sunil Kumar SHETTY Madeva NAGARAL Channa Keshava NAIK N Johar MGM Muhammad Irsyad ABDULLAH Abdullah I.AL-MANSOUR Shamshad ALAM KLE College of Engineering and Technology ChikodiVisvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagavi 590018KarnatakaIndia Nitte(Deemed to be University) NMAM Institute of Technology(NMAMIT)Department of Mechanical EngineeringNitte 574110India Aircraft Research and Design Centre HALBangalore 560037KarnatakaIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering BGS College of Engineering and TechnologyBengaluruAffiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological UniversityBelagaviIndia Management and Science University Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringKing Saud UniversityRiyadh-11421Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the effect of aluminium oxide nanoparticlesaddition to biodiesel blends made from dairy milk scum on performance and combustion characteristics of the diesel *** dispersion of Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticles in B20 blends at different concentrations was done with the help of *** number of blends were prepared for the *** Machine learning algorithms(Random Forest(RF)and CatBoost)was used for the *** results show that in comparison to biodiesel blends without nanoparticles,the kinematic viscosity and density is higher for fuel blends with *** these Fuel blends have higher calorific *** blends exhibited reduced Brake Specific Fuel Consumption(BSFC)of 2.85% than the blends without nano particles(Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel 20%+Neat Diesel 80%(in volume),DSMEB20),57.14%less CO,40.8% less hydrocarbon,and increased NO_(x)emissions compared to conventional diesel,contributing to the development of environmentally friendly and renewable biofuel blends with *** B20NP30 is the optimal blend for performance and emission *** study concludes with findings on enhanced Brake Thermal Efficiency(BTE)of 26.29% in 3×10^(-5)(in volume)Al_(2)O_(3)nanoparticle-blended DSME B20 and other DSME B20 fuel blends,emphasizing the importance of optimal nanoparticle *** correlation matrix shows how engine load,efficiency measures(BTE,BSFC),and emissions(CO,CO_(2),NO_(x),Smoke)are connected in complex *** results help us understand the complicated dynamics of engine performance and emission characteristics ***'s diagram for BTE and BSFC shows that CatBoost-based BTE models perform superior to RF-based models during the training as well as testing *** results were obtained for CO and CO_(2)emission results.

关键词： Dairy Scum Methyl Ester Biodiesel CI engine Al_(2)O_(3)concentration

Intravenous iron in chronic kidney disease without anaemia but iron deficiency:A scoping review

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World Journal of Nephrology 2025年第1期14卷 17-28页

作者： Abdulrahman Alsunaid Sebastian Spencer sunil Bhandari Department of Medical Science Hull York Medical SchoolKingston Upon Hull HU67RUUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Science University of HullKingston Upon Hull HU67RUUnited Kingdom Department of Academic Renal Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustKingston Upon Hull HU32JZUnited Kingdom

Iron deficiency(ID)is a prevalent complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),often managed reactively when associated with *** scoping review evaluates the evidence supporting intravenous(IV)iron therapy in non-anaemic individuals with CKD and ID,focusing on safety,efficacy,and emerging therapeutic *** diagnostic markers,including serum ferritin,transferrin saturation,and reticulocyte haemoglobin content,are reviewed alongside their limitations in the context of inflammation and *** pathophysiology of ID in CKD is explored,highlighting the roles of hepcidin,hypoxia-inducible factor pathways,and uraemic *** studies reveal that IV iron offers a more rapid correction of iron stores,improved com-pliance,and fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral *** from trials such as“iron and heart”and“iron and muscle”suggests potential benefits of IV iron on functional capacity and fatigue,though findings were sta-tistically *** from heart failure trials support the safety and efficacy of IV iron in improving quality of life and reducing hospitalizations,with newer formulations like ferric derisomaltose demonstrating favourable safety *** review underscores the need for standardized screening protocols for ID in CKD,even in the absence of anaemia,to facilitate earlier *** research should prioritise robust outcome measures,larger sample sizes,and person-specific treatment strategies to optimise dosing and administration *** approaches to IV iron therapy have the potential to significantly improve functional outcomes,quality of life,and long-term health in people with CKD.

关键词： Iron Chronic kidney disease Cardiovascular Disease Glomerular filtration rate

Facile In Situ Fabrication of Nanostructured Graphene–CuO Hybrid with Hydrogen Sulfide Removal Capacity

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Nano-Micro Letters 2016年第4期8卷 312-319页

作者： sunil P.Lonkar Vishnu V.Pillai Samuel Stephen Ahmed Abdala Vikas mittal Department of Chemical Engineering The Petroleum Institute

A simple and scalable synthetic approach for one-step synthesis of graphene–Cu O(TRGC) nanocomposite by an in situ thermo-annealing method has been *** graphene oxide(GO) and copper hydroxide as a precursors reagent,the reduction of GO and the uniform deposition of in situ formed Cu O nanoparticles on graphene was simultaneously *** method employed no solvents,toxic-reducing agents,or organic *** resulting nanostructured hybrid exhibited improved H2 S sorption capacity of 1.5 mmol H2S/g-sorbent(3 g S/100 g-sorbent).Due to its highly dispersed sub-20 nm Cu O nanoparticles and large specific surface area,TRGC nanocomposite exhibits tremendous potential for energy and environment applications.

关键词： CuO/graphene Adsorption Breakthrough capacity Hydrogen sulfide Thermal stability In situ synthesis

Calcium chloride linked camel milk derived casein nanoparticles for the delivery of sorafenib in hepatocarcinoma cells

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BIOCELL 2022年第1期46卷 127-136页

作者： AASTHA mittal NEELAM MAHALA KOWTHAVARAPU VENKATA KRISHNA UMA S.DUBEY sunil KUMAR DUBEY Department of Biological Sciences Birla Institute of Technology and SciencePilani CampusPilani(BITS-PILANI)333031India Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and SciencePilani CampusPilani(BITS-PILANI)333031India R&D Healthcare Division Emami Ltd.Kolkata700056India

Sorafenib,a multikinase inhibitor used for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma,is limited by its low oral *** overcome this drawback,we have developed novel camel milk casein-derived nanoparticles as a drug delivery *** milk casein is not only biocompatible on oral administration but is actually a dietary protein of pharmaceutical *** is used because of its amphiphilic nature,self-assembling property,ability to show sustained release,and capability of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic *** this study,camel milk casein nanoparticles loaded with sorafenib were developed and *** of casein nanoparticles was done by dynamic light scattering(DLS),zeta potential analysis,scanning light microscopy(SEM),and *** drug content in nanoparticle and drug-protein binding studies were conducted by UV *** cytotoxicity and cellular uptake efficiency studies were performed in HepG2 cell *** was observed that the cytotoxic effect of sorafenib loaded camel milk casein nanoparticles was more than free sorafenib in HepG2 *** work suggests camel milk casein as a suitable drug delivery molecule for *** the future,it may also be used in enhancing the efficacy and specific distribution of other water-insoluble anticancer drugs.

关键词： Camel milk derived casein nanoparticles Sorafenib UV spectroscopy FTIR HepG2 cells Apoptosis

AI/ML Enabled Automation System for Software Defined Disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks:Transforming Telecommunication Business

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 271-293页

作者： sunil Kumar Institute for Communication Systems University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK

Open Air Interface(OAI)alliance recently introduced a new disaggregated Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN)framework for next generation telecommunications and *** disaggregated architecture is open,automated,software defined,virtual,and supports the latest advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence(AI)Machine Learning(AI/ML).This novel intelligent architecture enables programmers to design and customize automated applications according to the business needs and to improve quality of service in fifth generation(5G)and Beyond 5G(B5G).Its disaggregated and multivendor nature gives the opportunity to new startups and small vendors to participate and provide cheap hardware software solutions to keep the market *** paper presents the disaggregated and programmable O-RAN architecture focused on automation,AI/ML services,and applications with Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC).We schematically demonstrate the reinforcement learning,external applications(xApps),and automation steps to implement this disaggregated O-RAN *** idea of this research paper is to implement an AI/ML enabled automation system for software defined disaggregated O-RAN,which monitors,manages,and performs AI/ML-related services,including the model deployment,optimization,inference,and training.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence(AI) Reinforcement Learning(RL) Open Radio Access Networks(O-RAN) Flexible Radio access network Intelligent Controller(FRIC) external Applications(xApps) Machine Learning(ML),sixth generation(6G)

A Transition from Wood Fuel to LPG and Its Impact on Energy Conservation and Health in the Central Himalayas, India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2013年第5期10卷 898-912页

作者： sunil NAUTIYAL Centre for Ecological Economics and Natural Resources CEENR) Institute for Social and Economic Change (ISEC)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impacts of the transition from wood fuel to Liquefied Petroleum Gas （LPG） from energy use and health perspectives along an altitudinal gradient （viz., lower altitude; middle altitude; and higher altitude） of the Central Himalayas. Empirical field study and questionnaire based survey was conducted for obtaining the data. A total of 2o households from each altitude were selected for obtaining reliable information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed. Of the 2o households, five households each based on the family size i.e., small families （〈4 members）, medium （5-8 members） and large （〉9 members） from all the altitudinal regions were selected. This was followed by an administration of a questionnaire on the quantity of fuelwood consumed. After the completion of the questionnaire survey, the data was validated using a weighted survey for the randomly selected households for obtaining precise information on the actual quantity of fuelwood consumed. Energy analysis is done with respect to the time spent on fuelwood collection and energy value of burning of per kg of fuelwood. Study indicates that declining biomass requirement from forests contributes significantly towards energy conservation, also has positive impact on human health. Per capita annual energy expenditure on collection of fuelwood is 752 MJ which is higher than any other activity in villages of Central Himalaya. The LPG substitution has contributed to energy saving which is equivalent to 2976-3,742 MJ per capita per year in middle and lower altitudes respectively. In the higher altitude the energy saving is calculated to be about 257 MJ per capita per year. Replacing fuelwood with LPG has made positive impact on society in terms of improving the health while reducing diseases that are caused due to indoor air pollution.

关键词： Himalaya Energy Conservation Fuelwood and LPG Transition Health Indoor AirPollution Social, Ecological and Environmentaldevelopment

Angiosarcoma Thyroid: Case Report and Review of Literature

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2014年第3期3卷 105-109页

作者： Aayush mittal sunil Kumar Yumlembem Brojendro Singh sunil Garg Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery Hind Institute of Medical Sciences and Shekhar Hospital Lucknow India Department of Otorhinolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery Lady Hardinge Medical College New Delhi In-dia

Objective: To describe a rare case of angiosarcoma thyroid in Indian subcontinent with its successful management. Case report: A 60-year-old male with swelling in neck for 20years with sudden increase in the size during last 3 months. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested anaplastic carcinoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with central and lateral neck dissection. On histopathology, the diagnosis of angiosarcoma was suspected. Immunohisto chemistry confirmed the diagnosis of angiosarcoma. Post-operative chemoradiation was given with no recurrence at 10 months of follow up. Conclusion: Though rare, angiosarcoma should be included as differential diagnosis in cases of long standing goiters with recent rapid increase in size. Immunohistochemistry is crucial for diagnosis and should be considered in these patients. Early and prompt diagnosis will help in providing curative treatment in such patients.

关键词： Angiosarcoma Thyroid

A Cocktail of Natural Compounds Holds Promise for New Immunotherapeutic Potential in Head and Neck Cancer

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期30卷 42-51页

作者： sunil Kumar Asmita Das Department of Biotechnology Delhi Technological UniversityDelhi(110042)India

Objective: To obtain detailed understanding on the gene regulation of natural compounds in altering prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas(HNSC). Methods: Gene expression data of HNSC samples and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of HNSC patients were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO). Differential gene expression analysis of GEO datasets were achieved by the GEO2R tool. Common differentially expressed gerres(DEGs) were screened by comparing DEGs of HNSC with those of PBMCs. The combination was further analyzed for regulating pathways and biological processes that were affected. Results: Totally 110 DEGs were retrieved and identified to be involved in biological processes related to tumor regulation. Then 102 natural compounds were screened for a combination such that the expressions of all 110 commonly DEGs were altered. A combination of salidroside, ginsenoside Rd, oridonin, britanin, and scutellarein was chosen. A multifaceted, multi-dimensional tumor regression was showed by altering autophagy, apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammatory cytokines production. Conclusions: This study has helped develop a unique combination of natural compounds that will markedly reduce the propensity of development of drug resistance in tumors and immune evasion by tumors. The result is crucial to developing a combinatorial natural therapeutic cocktail with accentuated immunotherapeutic potential.

关键词： natural compounds chemopreventive gene expression head and neck cancer immunomodulator salidroside ginsenoside Rd oridonin britanin scutellarein