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Solution Combustion Synthesis of TiO_2 and Its Use for Fabrication of Photoelectrode for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第8期28卷 713-722页

作者： shyan-Lung Chung Ching-Mei Wang Department of Chemical Engineering National Cheng Kung University Advanced Optoelectronic Technology Center National Cheng Kung University

Three different types of TiO2 nano powders were synthesized by a solution combustion synthesis （SCS） method using three different fuels and for comparison, another type of Ti2 nano powder was synthesized by calcination of titanyl hydroxide. These TiO2 nano powders were used to fabricate photoelectrodes for the dye-sensitized solar cell （DSSC） and their performance was compared to that of the DSSC fabricated with Degussa P25 TiO2. The results showed that the SCS TiO2 could work well as photoelectrode for DSSC. The SCS TiO2 contained impurities of C and/or S, thus exhibiting visible light absorption and reduced band gap. The open circuit voltage and the fill factor both varied little among the various TiO2 and thus both had little effect on the photoelectrical conversion efficiency （η）. However, the variation of r/was seen to be in quite a good agreement with that of the short circuit current （Isc）, suggesting that r/was dominated by Isc. lsc was found to be enhanced by light scattering effect due to the presence of large particles but reduced by high impurity content due to an increase in electron transfer resistance. In addition, the specific surface area of the powders was found to be an important factor affecting the Isc and thus the η.

关键词： TiO2 Combustion synthesis Dye-sensitized solar cells

Effect of verapamil on nitric oxide synthase in a portal veinligated rat model: Role of prostaglandin

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第15期12卷 2351-2356页

作者： Chii-shyan Lay CMY May Fa-Yauh lee Yang-Te Tsai Shou-Dong lee Shu Chien Shiomoh Sinchon Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University HospitalTaichungChina Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Veterans General HospitalTaipeiNational Yang-Ming University School of MedicineTaipeiChina Institute of Biomedical Sciences Academia Sinica TaiwanChina Department of Medicine Columbia University New York University Medical CenterNew YorkUSA

AIM： To investigate the effects of verapamil on nitric oxide （NO） synthesis in a portal vein-ligated rat model. METHODS： Systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics were measured by radiolabeled microspheres in portal hypertensive rats after acute administration of verapamil （2 mg/kg） on chronic treatment with N^W-nitro-L-arginine （NNA）（80 mg/kg） and/or indomethacin （2 mg/kg） . RESULTS： Verapamil （2 mg/kg） caused a marked fall in both arterial pressure and cardiac output accompanied by an insignificant change in the portal pressure and no change in portal venous inflow. This result suggested that verapamil did not cause a reduction in portal vascular resistance of portal hypertensive rats, which was similar between N^w- nitro-Loarginine-treated and indomethacin-treated groups. CONCLUSION： In portal hypertensive rats pretreated with NNA and/or indomethacin, acute verapamil administration can not reduce the portal pressure, suggesting that NO and prostaglandin play an important role in the pathogenesis of splanchnic arterial vasodilation in portal hypertension.

关键词： Verapamil Nitric oxide synthase Portal hypertension

Carbon storage potential of avenue trees:a comparison of Barringtonia racemosa,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,and Alnus formosana

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 307-314页

作者： Jyh-shyan Tsay Pei-Hsin Ko Pai-Tsang Chang Department of Horticultural Science National Chiayi University

Trees in cities play a valuable public health role for they are able to use photosynthesis to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2),which is then stored as tree *** present study compared the potential for carbon storage in the aboveground tree biomass of 3-year-old specimens of Barringtonia racemosa,Cyclobalanopsis glauca,and Alnus formosana grown in Chiayi City,*** of the carbon storage of avenue trees was based on measurement of the photosynthetic rate and leaf area,as well as the biomass of timbers,from October 2008 to *** on photosynthetic rates and leaf area,the estimated carbon stocks of ***,***,and *** are 756,615,and2738 kg Cha-1a-1,*** addition,carbon storage can be estimated based on timber volume,and these results are 1170,720,and 1995 kg Cha-1a-1for ***,***,and ***,*** on these findings,*** has the highest carbon fixation potential of these three *** the photosynthetic rate measurements can provide detailed data on the diurnal changes in carbon stocks,this requires more time and *** contrast,timber volume measurements provide a rapid and convenient way to estimate carbon stocks.

关键词： Carbon dioxide Carbon stock Greenhouse gas Leaf area Timber volume

Dynamic Fuzzy Controlled RWA Algorithm for IP/GMPLS over WDM Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2005年第5期20卷 717-727页

作者： I-shyan Hwang I-Feng Huang Shin-Cheng Yu Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yuan-Ze University Chung-Li 32026 Department of Information Management Kang-Ning Junior College Taipei 11422

This paper proposes a dynamic RWA scheme using fuzzy logic control on IP/GMPLS over WDM networks to achieve the best quality of network transmission. The proposed algorithm dynamically allocates network resources and reserves partial bandwidth based on the current network status, which includes the request bandwidth, average utilization for each wavelength and its coefficient of variance （C.V.） of data traffic, to determine whether the connection can be set tip. Five fuzzy sets for request bandwidth, average rate and C.V. of data traffic are used to divide the variable space： very large （LP）, large （SP）, normal （ZE）, small （SN）, and very small （LN）. Setting the fuzzy limit is a key part in the proposed algorithm. The simulation of scenarios in this paper has two steps. In the first step, the adaptive fuzzy limits are evaluated based on average transmission cost pertaining to ten network statuses. The second step is to compare the proposed algorithm with periodic measurement of traffic （PMT） in ATM networks in six network situations to show that the proposed FC-RWA algorithm can provide better network transmission.

关键词： WDM (wavelength-division multiplexing) IP/GMPLS RWA (routing and wavelength assignment) fuzzy control

Web-Based Adaptive Testing System

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第1期11卷 313-322页

作者： KUO Tzai-hsing LIN Hsien-tang YUAN shyan-ming Department of Computer and Information Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan China

Due to the maturing of Internet technology, the adaptive testing can be utilized in the web-based environment and the examinee can take the test anywhere and any time. The purpose of the research is to apply item response theory （IRT）, adaptive testing theory and web-service technique to construct an XML format itembank and a system of web- based adaptive testing （WAT） by the framework of threetiered client server distance testing.

关键词： IRT adaptive testing XML

The experimental study for the allocation of ground-sills downstream of check dams

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第1期23卷 28-43页

作者： Bing-shyan LIN Chao-Hsien YEH Hui-Pang LIEN Candidate Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering Institute and Construction and Disaster Prevention Research Center Feng-Chia University Department of Water Resources Engineering Feng-Chia University

The main purpose of this study is to understand the stabilizing effect of ground-sills on the riverbed through a series of flume model experiments. From results, although check dams have the ability to control upstream sediment transport, the mass energy produced by the free fall of the overtopping discharge still causes strong local scour downstream of the structure, and this scour leads to the instability of the check dam. Therefore, this study conducted model experiments on various types of serial ground-sills to determine the appropriate spacing to best protect the downstream bed. Based on the observations and analysis of channel geomorphology and sedimentation, this study concluded the following results: 1) Serial ground-sills reduces the sediment transport ability perfectly, especially under a mild channel gradient equipped with 2-4 times the average channel width interval. But for steep slopes, it is suggested that the proper spacing should be shortened to 1-2 times the average channel width. 2) Ground-sills can effectively protect the streambed from scouring under a suitable equipped condition and the concepts of guiding scour and riverbed inertia were used in the analysis of optimal ground-sill spacing.

关键词： Serial ground-sills Sedimentation Strong scour area Riverbed inertia Guiding scour

Parameter evaluation for soil erosion estimation on small watersheds using SWAT model

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第1期12卷 96-108页

作者： Fiaz Hussain Ghulam Nabi Ray-shyan Wu Bashir Hussain Tanveer Abbas Department of Civil Engineering National Central UniversityTaiwan 32001China PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Soil and Water Conservation Research Institute(SAWCRI)Chakwal Chakwal 48800Pakistan

This research was undertaken for the evaluation of soil erosion using the semi-distributed basin scale SWAT model for four subcatchments of the Dhrabi River Catchment(DRC),which is located in the Pothwar Plateau *** subcatchments(catchment-25 and-31)are characterized by gullies while the other two(catchment-27 and-32)are managed with terraced landuse *** performance of the model was satisfactory with coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.67 to 0.91 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(ENS)=0.54 to 0.85 for both surface runoff and sediment yield during the calibration(2009-2010)and validation(2011)*** PUSLE factor was found to be the most sensitive parameter during model *** was observed that all of the rainfall-runoff events occurred during the monsoon season(June to September).The estimated annual sediment loss ranged from 2.6 t/hm^(2) to 31.1 t/hm^(2) over the duration of the simulation period for the non-terraced catchments,in response to annual precipitation amounts that were between 194.8 mm to 579.3 *** contrast,the predicted annual sediment levels for the terraced catchments ranged from 0.52 t/hm^(2) to 10.10 t/hm^(2) due to similar precipitation *** terraced catchments resulted in 4 to 5 times lower sediment yield as compared to non-terraced *** results suggest that there is a huge potential for terraces to reduce soil erosion in the DRC specifically and Pothwar area generally,which have proven to be an efficient approach to establishing soil and water conservation structures in this region.

关键词： SWAT modeling sediment yield Modified version of Universal Soil Loss Equation(MUSLE) calibration validation parameter evaluation small watersheds

Effect of sinter layer porosity distribution on flow and temperature fields in a sinter cooler

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2009年第3期16卷 265-272页

作者： Jik-chang Leong Kai-wun Jin Jia-shyan Shiau Tzer-ming Jeng Chang-hsien Tai Department of Vehicle Engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology Iron Making Process Development Section Steel & Aluminum Research & Development Department Department of Mechanical Engineering Air Force Institute of Technology

When sinters are filled into the sinter cooler from the sintering machine, it is commonly seen that, due to segregation effects, sinters of larger size usually accumulate closer to the inner wall of the sinter cooler, whereas those of smaller size are to the outer wall. This nonuniform distribution of sinters has led to uneven cooling effect throughout the cooler. This causes the sinters leaving the cooler at a large temperature difference. This undesired temperature difference leads to the deformation and even the destruction of the conveyors. The computational fluid dynamics （CFD） technique was used in the present work to investigate the heat and fluid flow phenomena within the sinter cooler corresponding to the different distribution of sinter layer porosity, which was highly dependent on the arrangement and orientation of sinters within the sinter cooler. It is confirmed that a high mass flow rate within the sinter layer causes a low temperature region and vice versa. The flow fields for vertically reducing porosity distribution and random distribution are almost identical indicating the relative insignificance of convective heat transfer mechanism.

关键词： steel plant sinter cooler sinter porosity heat transfer packed bed

Growth behavior of electroless copper on silicon substrate

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Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing 2007年第1期14卷 67-71页

作者： Shin-shyan Wu Wei-Long Liu Ting-Kan Tsai Shu-Huei Hsieh Wen-Jauh Chen Institute of Electro-Optical and Materials Science Formosa University Yunlin China Taipei Department of Materials Science and Engineering Formosa University Yunlin China Taipei Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung China Taipei

The growth behavior containing deposit morphology, growth rate, activation energy, and growth mechanism of copper on silicon substrate, especially at the initial stage, in the electroless plating process was studied. Copper was deposited on the surface of the silicon substrate in an electloless plating bath containing formalin （CH2O 37vol%） as a reducing agent at a pH value of 12.5 and a temperature of 50-75℃. The copper deposit was characterized using a field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results showed that after the activation process, nanoscale Pd particles were distributed evenly on the surface of the silicon; in the deposition process, copper first nucleated at locations not only near the Pd particles but also between the Pd particles; the growth rate of electroless Cu ranged from 0.517 nm/s at 50℃ to 1.929 nm/s at 75℃. The activation energy of electroless Cu on Si was 52.97 kJ/mol.

关键词： electroless copper silicon substrate activation energy growth mechanism