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Designing healthy communities： A walkability analysis of LEED-ND

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第4期5卷 433-452页

作者： Adriana A. Zuniga-Teran Barron j. Orr Randy H. Gimblett Nader V. Chalfoun Scott B. Going David P. Guertin stuart E. Marsh Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

Prevailing city design in many countries has created sedentary societies that depend on automobile use. Consequently, architects, urban designers, and land planners have developed new urban design theories, which have been incorporated into the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development （LEED-ND） certification system. The LEED- ND includes design elements that improve human well-being by facilitating walking and biking, a concept known as walkability. Despite these positive developments, relevant research findings from other fields of study have not been fully integrated into the LEED-ND. According to Zuniga-Teran （2015）, relevant walkability research findings from multiple disciplines were organized into a walkability framework （WF） that organizes design elements related to physical activity into nine categories, namely, connectivity, land use, density, traffic safety, surveil- lance, parking, experience, greenspace, and community. In this study, we analyze walkability in the LEED-ND through the lens of the nine WF categories. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, we identify gaps and strengths in the LEED-ND and propose potential enhancements to this certification system that reflects what is known about enhancing walkability more comprehensively through neighborhood design analysis. This work seeks to facilitate the translation of research into practice, which can ultimately lead to more active and healthier societies.

关键词： Watkabitity LEED-ND Physical activity Urban design Well-being Built environment

Designing healthy communities： Testing the walkability model

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2017年第1期6卷 63-73页

作者： Adriana A. Zuniga-Teran Barron j. Orr Randy H. Gimblett Nader V. Chalfoun stuart E. Marsh David P. Guertin Scott B. Going Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85719 USA

Research from multiple domains has provided insights into how neighborhood design can be improved to have a more favorable effect on physical activity, a concept known as walkability. The relevant research findings/hypotheses have been integrated into a Walkability Framework, which organizes the design elements into nine walkability categories. The purpose of this study was to test whether this conceptual framework can be used as a model to measure the interactions between the built environment and physical activity. We explored correlations between the walkability categories and physical activity reported through a survey of residents of Tucson, Arizona （n=486）. The results include significant correlations between the walkability categories and physical activity as well as between the walkabi[ity categories and the two motivations for walking （recreation and transportation）. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports links between wa[kability and walking for recreation. Additionally, the use of the Walkability Framework allowed us to identify the walkability categories most strongly correlated with the two motivations for walking. The results of this study support the use of the Walkability Framework as a model to measure the built environment in relation to its ability to promote physical activity.

关键词： Watkability Physical activity Buitt environment LEED-ND Neighborhood design

Pericardial diseases:clinical diagnostic imaging atlas

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Validation of a discrete element model using magnetic resonance measurements

2009年

作者： stuart j. Hutchison original artwork and animations by Gail Rudakewich Myra Rudakewich and stuart j. Hutchison.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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Particuology 2009年第4期7卷 297-306页

作者： Christoph R.Müller stuart A.Scott Daniel j.Holland Belinda C.Clarke Andrew j.Sederman j.hn S.Dennis Lynn F.Gladden Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePembroke StreetCambridge CB2 3RAUnited Kingdom

The discrete element model （DEM） is a very promising modelling strategy for two-phase granular systems. However, owing to a lack of experimental measurements, validation of numerical simulations of two-phase granular systems is still an important issue. In this study, a small two-dimensional gas- fluidized bed was simulated using a discrete element model. The dimensions of the simulated bed were 44mm × 10mm × 120 mm and the fluidized particles had a diameter dp = 1.2 mm and density ρp = 1000 kg/m^3. The comparison between DEM simulations and experiments are performed on the basis of time-averaged voidage maps. The drag-law of Beetstra et al. [Beetstra, R., van der Hoef, M.A., ＆ Kuipers,j. A. M. （2007b）. Drag force of intermediate Reynolds number flow past mono- and bidispersed arrays of spheres. AIChE j.urnal, 53,489-501 ] seems to give the best results. The simulations are fairly insensitive to the coefficient of restitution and the coefficient of friction as long as some route of energy dissipation during particle-particle and particle-wall contact is provided. Changing the boundary condition of the gas phase at the side-walls from zero-slip to full-slip does not affect the simulation results. Care is to be taken that the cell sizes are chosen so that a reasonable number of particles can be found in a fluid cell.

关键词： Discrete element modelling Magnetic resonance imaging Voidage Gas-fluidized beds

Divergent male and female mate preferences do not explain incipient speciation between lizard lineages

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 485-492页

作者： Claire A.McLean Richard A.Bartle Caroline M.Dong Katrina j.Rankin Devi stuart-Fox School of BioSciences The University of MelbourneParkville VIC 3010Australia Sciences Department Museums VictoriaCarlton VIC 3053Australia

Diversification in sexual signals is often taken as evidenee for the importance of sexual selection in speciatio ***,in order for sexual selection to gen erate reproductive isolati on between populations,both signals and mate preferences must diverge ***,assortative mating may result from multiple behavioral mecha nisms,in eluding female mate pref ere nces,male mate preferences,and male-male competition;yet their relative contributions are rarely ***,we explored the role of mate pref ere nces and male competitive ability as pote ntial barriers to gene flow between 2 diverge nt lineages of the taw ny dragon lizard,Ctenophorus decresii,which differ in male throat *** found stronger behavioral barriers to pairings between southern lineage males and northern lineage females than between northern males and southern females,indicating incomplete and asymmetric behavioral isolating *** results were driven by both male and female mate preferences rather than lineage differences in male competitive *** trasexual selecti on is therefore un likely to drive the outcome of sec on dary contact in ***,despite its widely ack no wledged importa nee in *** results are consiste nt with the emergi ng view that although both male and female mate pref ere nces can diverge alongside sexual signals,speciation is rarely driven by divergent sexual selection alone.

关键词： Ctenophorus decresii hybridization male-male competition secondary contact sexual selection

Ron receptor-dependent gene regulation in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced acute liver failure

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2012年第4期11卷 383-392页

作者： Rishikesh M Kulkarni Louis W Kutcher William D stuart Daniel j.Carson Mike A Leonis Susan E Waltz Departments of Cancer and Cell Biology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA Biology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45229USA Department of Research Shriner's Hospital for Children and Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical CenterCincinnatiOH 45267-0521USA

BACKGROUND:Prior experimentation has shown that loss of the tyrosine kinase(TK) signaling domain of the Ron receptor leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a model of lipopolysaccharideinduced acute liver failure(ALF) in D-galactosamine(GalN)sensitized *** aim of this study was to identify the role of Ron in the regulation of hepatic gene ***:Microarray analyses were performed on liver RNA isolated sequentially from wild-type(WT) and TK-/mice during the progression of *** array data were validated using Western and immunohistochemistry analyses as well as with ex vivo culture ***:At baseline,101 genes were differentially expressed between WT and TK-/-livers,which regulate processes involved in hypoxia,proliferation,apoptosis and *** hour after ALF induction,WT livers exhibited increased cytokine expression compared to TK-/-livers,and after 4 hours,an induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling(SOCS) genes as well as j.K-STAT pathway activation were prominent in TK-/livers compared to ***:Our studies suggest a novel hepato-protective mechanism in Ron TK-/-mice wherein increased and sustained SOCS production and j.K-STAT activation in the hepatocyte may inhibit the destructive proinflammatory milieu and promote survival factors which blunt hepatic death and the ensuing development of ALF.

关键词： Mst1R suppressors of cytokine signaling Met receptor hepatocyte growth factor-like protein

The San j.an Islands Thrust System： New Perspectives from LIDAR and Sonar Imagery

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j.urnal of Earth Science and Engineering 2015年第1期5卷 1-26页

作者： Don j. Easterbrook Dept. of Geology Western Washington University Bellingham 98225 Washington USA

New LIDAR （Light Detection and Ranging） and sonar imagery have revealed remarkable geomorphic details never seen before and not visible by any other means. Numerous faults and other geologic structures are plainly visible on LIDAR and sonar images. Many previously unknown faults criss-cross the islands and large fault scarps are visible on sonar imagery along the margins of the larger islands. Sonar images of sea floor morphology show many submerged faults as long linear scarps with relief up to 300m （1,000 fl）, some of which visibly truncate geologic structures. The San j.an Lopez fault, the largest fault in the islands, extends for at least 65 km （40 mi） from stuart Island to Rosario strait with a scarp up to 330m （1,000 it） high. Since 1975, the basic structural framework of the San j.an Islands has been considered to consist of five stacked thrust faults, the Rosario, Orcas, Haro, Lopez, and Buck Bay faults, constituting the San j.an Thrust （Nappe） System that has shuffled together far distant terranes. However, the new LIDAR and sonar imagery shows that most of the mapped extent of these postulated faults are actually segments of high angle, dipslip faults and are not thrust faults at all. Thus, the San j.an Thrust （Nappe） System does not exist. The age of these faults is not accurately known and more than one period of high angle faulting may have occurred. Faults shown on L1DAR images of the surface of the islands appear as visible gashes, etched out by erosion of fault zones with few fault scarps. However, the sea floor faults have bold relief and high scarps. A late Pleistocene moraine lies undisturbed across the San j.an Lopez fault.

关键词： San j.an Thrust System San j.an Islands LIDAR sonar faults.

Land use and dingo baiting are correlated with the density of kangaroos in rangeland systems

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第2期18卷 299-315页

作者： stuart j.DAWSON Tracey L.KREPLINS Malcolm S.KENNEDY j.anita RENWICK Mark A.COWAN Patricia A.FLEMING Terrestrial Ecosystem Science and Sustainability Harry Butler InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development(present address) South PerthAustralia Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development NorthamAustralia Queensland Department of Environment and Science Australia Queensland Department of Environment and Science MoggillAustralia Department of Biodiversity Conservation and AttractionsWoodvaleAustralia

Rangelands worldwide have been subj.ct to broadscale modiﬁcation,such as widespread predator control,intro-duction of permanent livestock water and altered vegetation to improve *** Australia,these landscape changes have resulted in kangaroos(*** macropods)populations increasing over the past 200 ***-garoos are a key contributor to total grazing pressure and in conj.nction with livestock and feral herbivores have been linked to land *** used 22 years of aerial survey data to investigate whether the density of 3 macropod species in the southern rangelands of Western Australia was associated with:(i)land use,including type of livestock,total livestock,density of feral goats,type of land tenure,and kangaroo commercial harvest effort;(ii)predator management,including permitted dingo control effort,estimated dingo abundance,and presence of the State Barrier Fence(a dingo exclusion fence);and(iii)environmental variables:ruggedness,rainfall,fractional cover,and total standing dry *** kangaroos(Osphranter rufus)were most abundant inﬂat,open vegetation,on pastoral land,where area permitted for dingo control was high,and numbers were positively associated with antecedent rainfall with a 12-month *** grey kangaroos(Macropus fuliginosus)were most abundant onﬂat,agricultural land,but less abundant in areas with high permitted dingo ***(Osphranter robustus)were most abundant in rugged pastoral land with open vegetation,where permitted dingo control was *** environmental variables are key drivers of landscape productivity and kangaroo populations,anthropogenic factors such as land use and permitted dingo control are strongly associated with kangaroo abundance.

关键词： herbivores livestock macropods overgrazing rangelands total grazing pressure

Population physical activity legacy from maj.r sports events:The contribution of behavior change science

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第2期12卷 212-215页

作者： stuart j.H.Biddle Martin S.Hagger Sami Kokko Montse CRuiz Taru Lintunen Keegan Knittle Faculty of Sport&Health Sciences University of JyväskyläJyväskyläFI-40014Finland Centre for Health Research University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD 4300Australia Department of Psychological Sciences University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA

In a commentary paper in the j.urnal of Sport and Health Science,world-renowned physical activity researchers,Barbara Ainsworth and j.mes Sallis,discussed the opportunities arising from the Beij.ng 2022 Olympic Winter Games for increasing physical activity in youth.1 Moreover,a clarion call from the Asia-Pacific Society for Physical Activity has been made concerning the physical activity legacy that could arise from the 2032 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Brisbane,Australia(see:ASPA vision for Olympic legacy-ASPA(***)).

关键词： concerning Population behavior