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The genetics of nicotine dependence:Relationship to Pancreatic cancer

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第46期12卷 7433-7439页

作者： stewart l Macleod Parimal Chowdhury Department of Pediatrics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention Little Rock AR United States Department of Physiology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR United States

Smoking of tobacco products continues to be a major cause of worldwide health problems. Epidemiological studies have shown that tobacco smoking is the greatest risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer. Smokers who are able to quit smoking can reduce their risk of pancreatic cancer by nearly 50% within two years, however, their risk of developing pancreatic cancer remains higher than that of non-smokers for 10 years. Nicotine is the major psychoactive substance in tobacco, and is responsible for tobacco dependence and addiction. Recent evidence suggests that individuals have genetically based differences in their ability to metabolize nicotine, as well as genetic differences in the psychological reward pathways that may influence individual response to smoking initiation, dependence, addiction and cessation. Numerous associations have been reported between smoking behavior and genetic polymorphisms in genes that are responsible for nicotine metabolism. In addition, polymorphisms in genes that encode neurotransmitters and transporters that function in psychological reward pathways have been implicated in differences in smoking behavior. However, there is a large degree of between-study variability that demonstrates the need for larger, well-controlled casecontrol studies to identify target genes and deduce mechanisms that account for the genetic basis of interindividual differences in smoking behavior. Understanding the genetic factors that increase susceptibility to tobacco addiction may result in more effective tobacco cessation programs which will, in turn, reduce the incidence of tobacco related disease, including pancreatic cancer.

关键词： Smoking Pancreatic cancer Nicotine dependence Genetics Polymorphism Nicotine metabolism

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Bayesian network revealing pathways to workplace innovation and career satisfaction in the public service

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Journal of Management Analytics 2020年第2期7卷 253-280页

作者： Warit Wipulanusat Kriengsak Panuwatwanich Rodney A.stewart stewart l.Arnold Jue Wang logistics and Business Analytics Center of Excellence and School of Engineering and Technology Walailak UniversityNakhonsithammaratThailand School of Civil Engineering and Technology Sirindhorn International Institute of TechnologyThammasat UniversityPathum ThaniThailand School of Engineering and Built Environment Griffith UniversityQueenslandAustralia Nanyang Business School Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore School of Social Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore

This paper examined the innovation process in the Australian Public Service(APS)using a Bayesian network(BN)founded on an empirically derived structural equation *** focus of the BN was to examine the impact of leadership style and organisational culture on workplace innovation and career satisfaction in the *** scenario analysis,the best combination of managerial actions for enhancing APS career satisfaction was *** results emphasise the benefit of encouraging management to adopt a transformational leadership style and instilling innovative culture in their *** addition,innovative culture was a key driver of workplace innovation,which served to improve the career satisfaction of APS *** are discussed to propose practical strategies for organisations wish to encourage innovation among employees.

关键词： innovation public sectors scenario analysis Bayesian network structural equation model

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Adjusting to climate:Acclimation,adaptation and developmental plasticity in physiological traits of a tropical rainforest lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 411-427页

作者： John llEWElYN stewart l.MACDONAlD Craig MORITZ Felipe MARTINS AmberleeHATCHER Ben l.PHIllIPS Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change James Cook UniversityTownsvilleQueenslandAustralia CSIRO land and Water TownsvilleQueenslandAustralia Centre for Biodiversity Analysis Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia School of BioSciences University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia

The impact of climate change may be felt most keenly by tropical *** these taxa,it is argued,thermal specialization means a given shift in temperature will have a larger effect on *** species with limited dispersal ability,the impact of climate change depends on the capacity for their climate-relevant traits to *** shifts can occur through genetic adaptation,various forms of plasticity,or a combination of these *** we assess the extent and causes of shifts in 7 physiological traits in a tropical lizard,the rainforest sunskink(lampropholis coggeri).Two populations were sampled that differ from each other in both climate and physiological *** compared trait values in each animal soon after field collection versus following acclimation to laboratory *** also compared trait values between populations in:(i)recently field-collected animals;(ii)the same animals following laboratory acclimation;and(iii)the laboratory-reared offspring of these *** results reveal high trait lability,driven primarily by acclimation and local *** contrast,developmental plasticity,resulting from incubation temperature,had little to no effect on most *** results suggest that,while specialized,tropical ectotherms may be capable of rapid shifts in climate-relevant traits.

关键词： acclimation adaptation climate change ectotherm reptile

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Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8584-8595页

作者： Susan l stewart Sandy l Kwong Christopher l Bowlus Tung T Nguyen Annette E Maxwell Roshan Bastani Eric W Chak Moon S Chen Jr Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine Sacramenio CA 95817 United States California Department of Public Health Sacramenio CA 95817 United States Tung Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine Sacramenio CA 95817 United States Division of General Internal Medicine University of California San Francisco CA 94101 United States UClA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of MedicineSacramento CA 95817 United States Cancer Control/Cancer Health Disparities University of CaliforniaDavis Comprehensive Cancer CenterSacramento CA 95817 United States

AIM To describe racial/ethnic differences in treatment and survival among liver cancer patients in a populationbased cancer *** Invasive cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 33270, diagnosed between January 1, 1988-December 31, 2012 and reported to the California Cancer Registry were analyzed by race/ethnicity, age, gender, geographical region, socio-economic status, time period of diagnosis, stage, surgical treatment, and survival. Patients were classified into 15 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White(White, n = 12710), Hispanic(n = 8500), Chinese(n = 2723), non-Hispanic Black(Black, n = 2609), Vietnamese(n = 2063), Filipino(n = 1479), Korean(n = 1099), Japanese(n = 658), American Indian/Alaskan Native(AIAN, n = 281), laotian/Hmong (n = 244), Cambodian(n = 233), South Asian(n = 190), Hawai`ian/Pacific Islander(n = 172), Thai(n = 95), and Other Asian(n = 214). The main outcome measures were receipt of surgical treatment, and cause-specific and all-cause *** After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, time period, and stage of disease, compared to Whites, laotian/Hmong [odds ratio(OR) = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.17-0.53], Cambodian(OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45-0.96), AIAN(OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.46-0.93), Black(OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.67-0.86), and Hispanic(OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.72-0.84) patients were less likely, whereas Chinese(OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.42-1.77), Koreans(OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.24-1.70), Japanese(OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.15-1.72), and Vietnamese(OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.12-1.42) were more likely to receive surgical treatment. After adjustment for the same covariates and treatment, cause-specific mortality was higher for laotian/Hmong [(hazard ratio(HR) = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.29-1.73)], Cambodians(HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16-1.58), and Blacks(HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.13), and lower for Chinese(HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.77-0.86), Filipinos(HR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.90), Vietnamese(HR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90), Koreans(HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.97), and Hispanics(H

关键词： Disparities Treatment Survival liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma

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A systems approach to small group interaction / 8th ed.

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2004年

作者： stewart l. Tubbs.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Precipitation Influences Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicide Efficacy in Corn

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第9期3卷 1193-1204页

作者： Christie l. stewart Nader Soltani Robert E. Nurse Allan S. Hamill Peter H. Sikkema Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Canada nsoltani@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus Ridgetown Canada

Selecting a preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST) herbicide program that has the greatest efficacy can be difficult for corn producers and is highly dependent on weed spectrum. Weather conditions before and after herbicide application can further complicate decisions because they influence herbicide efficacy. Eleven field trials were conducted at three locations in Southwestern Ontario from 2003 to 2006, to determine the most effective PRE and POST corn herbicides for weed control. The most abundant weed species across all locations were redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus l.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia l.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album l.), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (l.) Beauv.). Nine PRE herbicide treatments and eleven POST (applied at the 3-4 leaf stage of corn) herbicide treatments were tested. Results from this study suggest that the timing and amount of precipitation influence herbicide efficacy. For example, precipitation levels 0-17 mm within seven days after herbicide application (PRE or POST) provided unacceptable weed control in treatments that included atrazine, dimethenamidp, isoxa-flutole/atrazine or S-metolachlor/benoxacor. Cumulative precipitation during the 14 days after PRE application that exceeded the monthly average (by at least 64%) reduced Setaria viridis control with pendimethalin. This study demonstrates that a better understanding of how environmental conditions, especially precipitation affect herbicide efficacy, need to be considered by growers when selecting a corn herbicide program to reduce the possibility of weed control failure.

关键词： Preemergence Herbicides Postemergence Herbicides Tank-Mixture Precipitation

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Weed Control, Environmental Impact and Profitability of Weed Management Strategies in Glyphosate-Resistant Corn

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第11期3卷 1594-1607页

作者： Nader Soltani Christie l. stewart Robert E. Nurse laura l. Van Eerd Richard J. Vyn Peter H. Sikkema Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Canada Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Harrow Canada. Ridgetown Campus University of Guelph Ridgetown Canada

Eleven field trials were conducted over a three-year period (2006-2008) at three locations in southwestern Ontario, Canada to evaluate the effect of various weed management strategies in glyphosate-tolerant corn on weed control, crop injury, corn yield, environmental impact and profit margin. No visible injury resulted from the herbicide treatments evaluated. Overall, the effect of all factors assessed were location specific. By 56 days after treatment, depending on location, glyphosate applied at the 7 - 8 leaf stage (lPOST), preemergence (PRE) herbicides followed by (fb) glyphosate lPOST and sequential glyphosate applications (EPOST (3 - 4 leaf stage) followed by lPOST) provided more consistent control of annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses compared to glyphosate applied alone EPOST. Weed control at 56 days after treatment was lower when glyphosate was applied alone lPOST compared to sequential applications of glyphosate or PRE herbicides fb glyphosate. There were no differences in corn yield among the sequential programs evaluated;however, a yield benefit was found when a sequential program was used compared to glyphosate applied alone lPOST. Among the sequential programs the lowest environmental impact was isoxaflutole/atrazine fb glyphosate. The lowest profit margins were associated with atrazine, S-metolachlor/atrazine/benoxacor, dicamba/atrazine and glyphosate lPOST treatments compared to all other treatments. Overall, profit margins tended to be somewhat higher for treatments that included glyphosate applications. Based on these results, the most efficacious and profitable weed management program in corn was a sequential application of glyphosate;however, isoxaflutole/atrazine fb glyphosate was the treatment with the lowest environmental risk while also adding glyphosate stewardship benefits.

关键词： Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) Glyphosate Profit Margin Corn Zea mays l.

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Effect of gynecologic oncologist availability on ovarian cancer mortality

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第2期3卷 71-77页

作者： Sherri l stewart Darryl Cooney Shawn Hirsch lauren Westervelt Thomas B Richards Sun Hee Rim Cheryll C Thomas Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30341 United States Sci Metrika LLC Research Triangle Park North Carolina NC 27703 United States

AIM: To determine the association between the distribution of gynecologic oncologist(GO) and populationbased ovarian cancer death rates. METHODS: Data on ovarian cancer incidence and mortality in the United States was supplemented with United States census data, and analyzed in relation to practicing GOs. GO locations were geocoded to link association between county variables and GO availability. logistic regression was used to measure areas of high and low ovarian cancer mortality, adjusting for contextual variables. RESUlTS: Practicing GOs were unevenly distributed in the United States, with the greatest numbers in metropolitan areas. Ovarian cancer incidence and death rates increased as distance to a practicing GO increased. A relatively small number(153) of counties within 24 miles of a GO had high ovarian cancer death rates compared to 577 counties located 50 or more miles away with high ovarian cancer death rates. Counties located 50 or more miles away from a GO practice had an almost 60% greater odds of high ovarian cancer mortality compared to those with closer practicing GOs(OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.18-2.15). CONClUSION: The distribution of GOs across the United States appears to be significantly associated with ovarian cancer mortality. Efforts that facilitate outreach of GOs to certain populations may increase geographic access.

关键词： Ovarian cancer Gynecologic oncologists Mortality Access to care

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Gynecologic oncologists involvement on ovarian cancer standard of care receipt and survival

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2016年第2期5卷 187-196页

作者： Sun Hee Rim Shawn Hirsch Cheryll C Thomas Wendy R Brewster Darryl Cooney Trevor D Thompson Sherri l stewart Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health PromotionCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Sci Metrika llC University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

AIM： To examine the infuence of gynecologic oncolo-gists （GO） in the United States on surgical/chemothe-rapeutic standard of care （SOC）, and how this translates into improved survival among women with ovarian cancer （OC）.METHODS： Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result （SEER）-Medicare data were used to identify 11688 OC patients （1992-2006）. Only Medicare recipients with an initial surgical procedure code （n = 6714） were included. Physician specialty was identified by linking SEER-Medicare to the American Medical Association Masterfile. SOC was defined by a panel of GOs. Mul-tivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of receiving surgical/chemotherapeutic SOC and proportional hazards modeling to estimate the effect of SOC treatment and physician specialty on survival. RESUlTS： About 34% received surgery from a GO and 25% received the overall SOC. One-third of women had a GO involved sometime during their care. Women receiving surgery from a GO vs non-GO had 2.35 times the odds of receiving the surgical SOC and 1.25 times the odds of receiving chemotherapeutic SOC （P 〈 0.01）. Risk of mortality was greater among women not receiving surgical SOC compared to those who did [hazard ratio = 1.22 （95%CI： 1.12-1.33）, P 〈 0.01], and also was higher among women seen by non-GOs vs GOs （for surgical treatment） after adjusting for covariates. Median survival time was 14 mo longer for women receiving combined SOC. CONClUSION： A survival advantage associated with receiving surgical SOC and overall treatment by a GO is supported. Persistent survival differences, particularly among those not receiving the SOC, require further investigation.

关键词： Ovarian neoplasms Gynecologic oncologist Guidelines-based care Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result Medicare

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采伐对澳大利亚东南部桉树混交林生态系统的磷有效性的影响

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广东林业科技 1991年第4期7卷 45-49页

作者： H. T. l. stewart 谭碧霞

澳大利亚维多利亚东部山麓的土生桉树林作为永续阔叶材生产林经营,轮伐期至少为80年。关于强度采伐对磷保存的可能影响作了调查,测定了桉树混交林生态系统中的磷分布,估算了锯材和剩余圆材的磷输出量。应用氟化物、酸溶液和有机态磷的... 详细信息

澳大利亚维多利亚东部山麓的土生桉树林作为永续阔叶材生产林经营,轮伐期至少为80年。关于强度采伐对磷保存的可能影响作了调查,测定了桉树混交林生态系统中的磷分布,估算了锯材和剩余圆材的磷输出量。应用氟化物、酸溶液和有机态磷的等温正吸附以及在适宜的土:水比率与抽提时间下,随后持续抽出的磷水平,以研究土壤磷的有效性。估算出地上部分生物量的含磷量为21.2kg ha^(-1),采伐移出磷量为1.5～3.0kg ha^(-1)(取决于采伐强度),并估算出天然更新火烧迹地残余物损失的磷为8kg ha^(-1),根据在适宜条件下土壤连续抽提的结果,估算出森林长期生长的有效磷为57kg ha^(-1)。这是估算森林中的长期有效磷的新途径,我们用所谓“森林可用磷”来叙述这种估算。由采伐和火烧综合损失的磷占森林可用磷的18％。由此得出结论:在未能确定立地生产力的磷退化之前,这些桉树生态系统至少可强度采伐5个轮伐期。

关键词：桉树混交林采伐生态系统磷

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